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  • 數字化顛覆
  • (英)延斯·P.弗蘭丁 吉納維芙·M.格拉蒙 塞拉·Q.考克斯
  • 1637字
  • 2020-09-09 14:34:07

技術接受——管理者們必須接受的現實

技術接受是一種新興的趨勢,也是一股會波及所有組織、管理者及員工的時代潮流。盡管接納其他人的技術實踐并改變自身工作行為以適應這些技術的過程可能并不一帆風順,甚至會引發爭議,但技術接受的大潮是不可阻擋的。數字時代就是我們如今面臨的現實,而且其仍在持續重塑所有的行業甚至整個社會的過程之中。

多數組織已開始認真審視眼前這個技術時代,并給出應對之策,但成果可謂各異。許多組織中的主流意見仍傾向于定制技術解決方案,也就是針對單個組織構建整套計算系統,或者對系統進行個性化配置使其無法在其他業務實踐活動中通用。這些定制化系統的故障率令人咋舌。28然而,盡管專門定制系統向來以成本超支和重大故障而著稱,但組織企業們還是樂此不疲,孜孜不倦地試圖徹底改造某項技術以為己用。可正確的選擇恰恰與此相反,組織應該接受自己身為技術接受者的事實,并基于此點判斷如何運用技術來提升組織價值。

對于那些已經意識到自己已置身數字時代的領導者們,我們為您奉上技術接受策略,還附帶一套可實踐的變革管理戰術。我們將為您帶來如何通過數據分析和行為變更來創造價值的相關理念,這些理念隨即便可通過我們專為數字時代變革領導者準備的戰術加以實施。成為數字時代的變革領導者將使您和您的組織邁入變革的良性循環,并不斷發展壯大。

注釋

1.我們將數字時代技術定義為不斷改變的,時刻都在基于云計算進行更新,且對任何組織企業都一視同仁,絕無優待的技術。“云”指具備計算機存儲、處理和執行應用程序(“APP”)的遠程數據中心。數字時代技術也包括“智能技術”,即那些可識別你的身份、位置、搜索目標以及支付方式的技術。Regalado, A.,“Who coined‘cloud computing’?” December 30,2013,見https://www.technologyreview.com/s/425970/who-coined-cloud-computing/。Pharoah, M.,“Transforming change management with artificial intelligence(AI)” April 9,2018,見https://www.andchange.com/transform-ing-change-management-artificial-intelligence-ai。

2.University of Minnesota,“Perfect competition:A model”,見https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics/chapter/9-1-perfect-competition-a-model/。

3.Avila, O.,&Garces, K.,“Change management support to preserve busi-ness-lnformation technology alignment”,Journal of Computer Information Systems,2016,57(3),218-228.doi:10.1080/08874417.2016.1184006.

4.對于將價格接受者概念用于政治學的例子,參見Heng, Y.,&Aljunied, S.M.A.,“Can small states be more than price takers in global governance?”,Global Governance,2015,21(3),435。

5.我們在此采用了Hall和Kahn對技術接納的界定:“獲取并使用新發明或創新的選擇。” Hall, B.H.,&Khan, B.,“Adoption of new technology”,November,2002,見https://eml.berkeley.edu/-bhhall/papers/HaIIKhan03 % 20dif-fusion.pdf。

6.Nicas, J.,“They tried to Boycott Facebook, Apple and Google.They failed.” April1,2018,見https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/01/business/boycott-facebook-apple-google-failed.html。

7.Desmet, D.,Loffler, M.,&Weinberg, A.,“Modernizing IT for a digital-era”,September,2016,見https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/modernizing-it-for-a-digital-era?cid=eml-web(“構建和維護數字應用和操作所需的技術,過程和決策的絕對數量意味著公司無法再用以往的方式工作”)。

8.“如果公司的IT部門不能快速作出改變,那么其他部門也能上網找到一個軟件即服務應用并以相對簡單的方式自己去加以應用。然后C級技術主管及其下屬只能被動想辦法管理所有這些新需求和新設備,并對使用者提供的基礎設施進行監控和維護。” Beckley, A.M.,“How the cloud is chang-ing the role of technology leaders”,August 7,2015,見https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/09/how-the-cloud-is-changing-the-role-of-technology-leaders/。

9.參見注釋2。

10.Graham-Harrison, E.,&Cadwalladr, C.,“Revealed:50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach”,March 17,2018,見https://www.theguardian.com/news/20181mar/17/cambridge-analyti-ca-facebook-influence-us-election。

11.University of Minnesota,“The nature of monopoly”,見https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics/chapter/10-1-the-nature-of-monopoly/。

12.感謝Sabine Bhanot和Daphne Moench向我們展示這項技術。

13.Andriole, S.,“Implement first, ask questions later(or not at all)”,April 13,2018,見https://sloanreview-mit-edu.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/sloanre-view.mit.edu/article/implement-first-ask-questions-later-or-not-at-all/amp。

14.Lessick, S.,&Kraft, M.,“Facing reality:The growth of virtual reali-ty and health sciences libraries”,Journal of the Medical Library Association,105(4),407-417.doi:10.5195/jmla.2017.329.

15.Comparing use of Google with 10 other search engines in the 12 months from June 2017 to June 2018:Net Market Share.(n.d.).“Search engine market share”,見https://www.netmarketshare.com/search-engine-market-share.aspx。

16.World Food Program.(n.d.),“Building blocks”,見http://innovation.wfp.org/project/building-blocks。

17.Gavett, G.,“How self-service kiosks are changing customer behavior”,August 4,2016,見https://hbr.org/2015/03/how-self-service-kiosks-are-chang-ing-customer-behavior。

18.Kroc, R.,&Anderson, R.,Grinding it outThe making of McDonald's,New York, NY:St.Martin's Press,1987,https://www.goodreads.com/work/edi-tions/487021-grinding-it-out-the-making-ofmcdonald-s.

19.Cosgrove, E.,“Cargill invests in predictive Ag‘Data Refinery'Des-cartes Labs' $30m series B”,August 24,2017,見https://agfunder-news.com/descartes-raise.html。

20.同上。

21.Rushe, D.,“Facebook posts $4.3bn profit as Zuckerberg laments‘bard year'”,January 31,2018,見https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/31/facebook-profit-mark-zuckerberg。

22.參見Beckley, A.M.,“How the cloud is changing the role of technology leaders”,August 7,2015,見https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/09/how-the-cloud-is-changing-the-role-of-technology-leaders/。

(“云時代正在讓企業認識到軟件即服務的重要性,該服務可根據組織自身的特定需求和流程進行配置,而不必使其流程適應某些標準化系統。”)

23.Kotter, J.P.,Leading change,Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press,1996.

24.Luo, J.S.,Hilty, D.M.,Worley, L.L.,&Yager, J.,“Considerations in change management related to technology”,Academic Psychiatry,30(6),465-469.doi:10.1176/appi.ap.30.6.465,2006.

25.Touting Workday's“on demand and on the go”training modules-on only social media and video.(2017).Workday for financial services.“Workday”,見https://www.workday.com/content/dam/web/en-us/documents/datasheets/data-sheet-workday-for-financial-services-us.pdf。

26.“Digital-era change runs on people power”,August 9,2017,見https://www.bcg.com/en-cl/publications/2017/change-management-organization-digi-tal-era-change-runs-people-power.aspx。

27.“Press Release:Workday delivers its first data-as-a-service offering with workday benchmarking”,October 10,2017,見https://www.workday.com/en-us/company/newsroom/press-releases/press-release-details.html?id=2190890。

28.Fruhlinger, J.,&Wailgum, T.,“15 famous ERP disasters, dustups and disappointments” July 10,2017,見https://www.cio.com/article/2429865/enterprise-resource-planning/enterprise-resource-planning-10-famous-erp-disas-ters-dustups-and-disappointments.html。

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