清教徒建立的另外一個殖民地是賓夕法尼亞殖民地，它是由來自清教中貴格宗的領袖威廉·佩恩建立的，貴格宗教徒拒絕宣誓并拒絕服兵役，很快為英國政府所不容，大量的教徒紛紛移民到北美。佩恩的父親是英國著名的軍事將領，佩恩本人也很有能力，1681年3月14日，他從英國國王查理一世那里獲得了特許狀，擁有了賓夕法尼亞地區土地的所有權，1682年，佩恩建立了費城，這個名字是他用兩個希臘詞合成的，表達了他計劃進行和睦相處的神圣實驗的良好愿望。佩恩施行的宗教自由政策以及他公正處事的良好聲譽，很快吸引了大量來自歐洲的移民，其中很多是來自德國為躲避宗教迫害的新教小派別的教徒。從1607年到1733年間，英國在北美的東海岸建立了13個殖民地。

3.The First Immigrant： "Pilgrims" in the Mayflower（1620） 最初的移民：五月花號船上的“朝圣者”

The Mayflower（It's also a name of a flower. Massachusetts adopted the mayflower as the official flower of the state to commemorate the Pilgrims）was a ship.It is most famous for its maiden[9] voyage（first voyage）when pilgrims and other settlers travelled on it to the New World.Not until September 6， 1620，did the Mayflower carried 102 men， women and children， who lived in the dark， damp， cold cargo decks below the crew's quarters set sail for America.As the fishermen of the day knew all too well， September was the time to seek safe harbors for winter and one of the worst times to be setting sail upon an uncertain ocean.Undoubtedly， the Pilgrims had been warned of the dangers which they would face in the North Atlantic if they insisted on beginning their voyage at that time of year.However， their money was at an end.They had no choice but to continue.Master Christopher Jones， the skipper[10]， had sailed the waters of the North Sea during stormy seasons， and he knew how to handle Mayflower under such stressful weather conditions.

For 66 storm-tossed days the Pilgrims suffered their passage across a wintry Atlantic Ocean to the New World. On Saturday， November 21，the ship moored in what would come to the present-day Massachusetts.Upon the arrival， those Pilgrims realized that they were on a land uncharted by the English crown， in order to survive and protect themselves from rebels， they signed the historic Mayflower Compact， the first formal agreement for self-government in America.Then the Pilgrims decided to settle in Plymouth， far southward of where they had landed.

五月花（有種花就叫做“五月花”，馬薩諸塞州為了紀念朝圣者們而把五月花定為州花）號是一艘船。因其處女航（首航）是載著朝圣者前往新大陸而著稱。直到1620年9月6日，五月花載著男人、婦女和兒童共102人，他們擠在黑暗、潮濕、冰冷的船員宿舍的甲板上開始了去往美國的旅程。當時所有的漁民都很清楚，9月是為冬季尋求安全港的時節，對于未知的遠洋航行來說是最為惡劣的時間。毫無疑問，朝圣者也知道如果堅持這個時間啟程，他們將在北大西洋面臨很大的危險。然而，他們的經費已經瀕臨緊張，只有繼續下去，別無選擇。船長克里斯托弗·瓊斯是把好手，曾經在暴風雨季節橫穿北海水域，他知道如何在緊張的天氣條件下掌控五月花號。

這些朝圣者經歷了66天的暴風驟雨，橫跨寒冷的大西洋。終于于11月21日星期六到達新大陸。船在如今的馬薩諸塞州靠岸。抵達后，這些朝圣者意識到自己找到了英國政府管轄之外的未知土地，為了安穩的生存和防止叛亂，他們簽署了歷史性的《五月花號公約》，這是美國第一個自治政府的正式協議。最后這些朝圣者們決定在登陸地南方的普利茅斯定居。

4.Fighting for Liberty： The American War of Independence 為自由而戰：美國獨立戰爭

●Exploitation and Resistance—Liberty， No Stamp Duty 剝削與反抗——要自由，不要印花稅

The Stamp Act（1765） 1765年印花稅法案

In an effort to raise funds to pay off debts and defend[11] the vast new American territories won from the French in the Seven Years' War（1756-1763），the British government passed the Stamp Act on March 22， 1765. The legislation levied[12] a direct tax on all materials printed for commercial and legal use in the colonies， including everything from newspapers and pamphlets[13] to playing cards and dice.

Though the Stamp Act employed a strategy that was a common fundraising[14] vehicle[15] in England， it stirred a storm of protesting in the colonies.（The colonists had recently been hit with three major taxes： the Sugar Act（1764），which levied new duties on imports of textiles[16]， wines， coffee and sugar； the Currency[17]Act（1764），which caused a major decline in the value of the paper money used by colonists； and the Quartering Act（1765），which required colonists to provide food and lodging to British troops[18].）As British subjects the colonists argued that， Parliament could not impose[19] taxes upon them without their consent[20]. Believing this right to be in peril[21]， the colonists rioted[22] and intimidated[23] all the stamp agents responsible for enforcing the act into resignation[24].

Massachusetts politician Samuel Adams organized the secret Sons of Liberty organization to plan protests[25] against the measure， and the Virginia legislature[26] and other colonial assemblies[27] passed resolutions opposing the act. In October， nine colonies sent representatives to New York to attend a Stamp Act Congress， where resolutions of "rights and grievances[28]" were framed and sent to Parliament and King George III.Despite this opposition， the Stamp Act was enacted[29] on November 1， 1765.

The colonists greeted the arrival of the stamps with violence and economic retaliation. Colonial merchants called for a boycott[30] of British goods； some went further， the Sons of Liberty staged[31] attacks on customs[32] houses and the homes of tax collectors.In addition， the Sons of Liberty hanged an effgy[33] of stamp distributor Andrew Oliver from a gallows[34] they dubbed[35] the "Liberty Tree." They beheaded[36] and burned the effigy， burned a building they thought to be the "Stamp Office" and invaded[37] Oliver's home， threatening to kill him.Oliver had already fled the premises[38] and resigned[39] his post rather than face further attacks.In every state except Georgia， the "stamp master" resigned under duress[40]， making the Stamp Act impossible to implement[41].