注釋

01.要研究股票市場的不可預見性。參見 B. Malkiel, A Random Walk Down Wall Street (New York: Norton, 2003), p. 187; W. Sherden, The Fortune Sellers: The Big Business of Buying and Selling Predictions (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1998), p. 85。雖然有些人說，專家選股在很多情況下比飛鏢選股表現更好，但麥基爾指出，如果把專家建議對市場的影響因素考慮在內，情況就不是這樣了。

02.關于這些影響的討論，參見 M. Shermer, “Why Smart People Believe Weird Things,”Skeptic 10, no. 2 (2003): 62。

03.S. Vyse, Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 24.

04.Skeptic News, “Prayer an Issue in Death,”Skeptic 5, no. 3 (1997): 25.

05.B. Glassner, The Culture of Fear (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. xxvi.

06.Michael Shermer，懷疑論者協會會長、《懷疑論者》（Skeptic）雜志主編，有效地闡述了這一觀點。參見 M. Shermer, “The Belief Module,”Skeptic 5, no. 4 (1997): 78。

07.C. Sagan, The Demon - Haunted World (New York: Random House, 1995), p. 214. 如果沒有極端情況，其中一半將低于平均水平。

08.這件事真的發生過。參見A. Harter, “Bigfoot,”Skeptic 6, no. 3 (1998): 97。

09.A. Hastorf, H. Cantril, “They Saw a Game: A Case Study,”Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49 (1954): 129.

10.R. Bartholomew, “Penis Panics: The Psychology of Penis Shrinking Mass Hysterias,”Skeptic 7, no. 4 (1999): 45.

11.參見 E. Loftus 和K. Ketcham 所著的 The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse (New York: St. Martin's, 1994)，本書提供了許多令人信服的案例。

12.E. Loftus, G. Loftus, “On the Performance of Stored Information in the Human Brain,”American Psychologist 35, no. 5 (1980): 409.