Mailer explained， "Everyone can succeed"， as in the early America there were vast land and but sparsely populated， immigrants could obtain large tracts of fertile land. The United States was still primarily an agricultural economy， so people understood that "the land meant wealth， which means success." In the late 18th century， early 19th century， people found many gold in western United States， some lucky start for the Nuggets and flourishes， this wave of "gold rush" of legend， promoted the westward tide of immigration， and also cast a deep golden color for the American dream.

However， behind such a "dream"， there is a bloody history： the European immigrants large tracts of land， is gainned by killing millions of Indians to obtain "No Man's Land"； high-yield farmland cultivators mostly are Africa looting slaves； west Denver are Chinese hard labor with blood and tears.

It can be said， the early American Dream， is more of a dream of European immigrants. Mailer noted that there are many people and contemporary scholars of American history， face and reflect on this history.All of this are unjust side of the "American dream".

18～19世紀(jì)的歐洲，貴族尚未退出歷史舞臺(tái)，社會(huì)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)、財(cái)富分配不公、宗教歧視嚴(yán)重……孟德斯鳩、笛卡爾等啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的先驅(qū)，開始對(duì)美國這塊神奇的土地贊頌不已，這也燃起了弱勢群體的美國夢(mèng)。

18世紀(jì)來到美國的移民都是歐洲的弱勢群體，最典型的是英格蘭的清教徒和德國的破產(chǎn)小農(nóng)民，當(dāng)他們來到還是殖民地的美國時(shí)，政治平等的要求就格外強(qiáng)烈，所以他們自發(fā)地落實(shí)了民主。于是，“平等權(quán)利”成了“美國夢(mèng)”的一個(gè)內(nèi)涵。

梅勒解釋道，“人人都能成功”，由于早期美國土地廣袤而人口稀少，移民都能獲取大片肥沃的土地。當(dāng)時(shí)的美國還是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)為主，不言而喻，“土地就意味著財(cái)富，意味著成功”。隨著18世紀(jì)末、19世紀(jì)初美國西部發(fā)現(xiàn)多處金礦，有些幸運(yùn)兒開始因掘金而一夜暴富，這波“淘金潮”的傳奇，推動(dòng)了移民西進(jìn)的浪潮，也為美國夢(mèng)抹上了濃厚的金黃色彩。

不過，這般美夢(mèng)的背后，也是一部血淋淋的歷史：歐洲移民的大片土地，是屠殺了數(shù)百萬印第安人而獲得的“無主之地”；高產(chǎn)農(nóng)田的耕種者，大多是從非洲劫掠來的黑奴；西進(jìn)掘金的勞力，是血淚交加的華人苦工。

可以說，早期的美國夢(mèng)，更多的是歐洲移民的夢(mèng)。梅勒指出，當(dāng)代的美國歷史學(xué)界也有不少人在正視和反思這段歷史，這都是美國夢(mèng)不義的一面。

●The New Model of Struggle and Wisdom 奮斗加智慧的新榜樣

Before and after the Civil War， the United States began industrialization. More and more European immigrants have accessed to New York， Chicago， Detroit and other emerging industrial city.Since then， the American Dream has a new meaning.

During this period， there were many business giant who started struggling. For example， Edison created General Electric Company relying on his own inventions mining oil Rockefeller； Morgan， running banks； Ford， inventing the automobile production line.Their common features were that they started humble， but finally created their own huge business through hard work， finally became a legend.

Perhaps， this "Legend" is link to some degree of element from descendent. And even so-called "Edison inventions"， there are many side results.Mailer even contend， the U.S.economy has rapidly expand at that time and the U.S.has become the most powerful country in the world before the First World War， its domestic economic was operated also in the stages of change—— "disorder to order"， and wealthy oligarchs appeared in various industries.