第6章 這里是美國(5)
- 一本書讀懂美國文化(英漢對照)
- 張浩 黃一飛
- 2832字
- 2017-12-08 14:20:53
To the 21st century, the information age came, Microsoft's Bill Gates, Yahoo's Jerry Yang and the three founders of GOOGLE become the new idol of American Dream. They accumulated huge assets-billions of dollars at young by their wisdom.The living story seems to indicate that, anyone who has the wisdom and genius can succeed in the United States.
南北戰爭前后,美國開始了工業化。歐洲來的移民更多地進入紐約、芝加哥、底特律和其他一些新興的工業城市。從此,“美國夢”有了新的內涵。
這一時期,出現了許多奮斗起家的工商業巨子。比如依靠個人發明而創立通用電氣公司的愛迪生、采石油的洛克菲勒、開銀行的摩根、發明汽車生產線的福特。他們的共同特點是:出身寒微、白手起家,但通過勤奮終于創立了自己龐大的事業,成為傳奇人物。
也許,這些“傳奇”多少帶有后人美化的成分,甚至所謂的“愛迪生發明”也有不少是助手們的成果。梅勒更是認為,當時美國已處于經濟急速膨脹時期,到第一次世界大戰前,美國已成為世界經濟實力最強的國家,國內的經濟運行也處于“無序到有序”的變化階段,各行業出現巨富寡頭。
到了21世紀的信息時代,微軟的比爾·蓋茨、雅虎的楊致遠以及GOOGLE的三個創立者變成了美國夢的新偶像。他們憑借自己的智慧,年紀輕輕就積累了數百億美元的龐大資產。他們活生生的故事似乎表明,只要有智慧、有才能,在美國就可以成功。
●The Dream Faded and Sour 褪色和變味的夢想
What is the real driving force behind American Dream?Some historians believe that is the desire and pursuit of wealth. Connecticut State University history professor Matthew Woxiao Er said: "The pursuit of money is the component of American Dream.However, it is precisely the excessive pursuit of wealth, that makes the American Dream become sour, and gradually lost its attraction for people around the world.Woxiao Er observed the changes in society over the decades in his article Who Wants to Be a Millionaire-changing American Dream concept.
Early Americans promote "honest and hard" to get rich, but they looking for "get rich quick" today. For example, most Americans now respect this way to get rich: they fight big business for compensation with the lawsuit, go to Las Vegas gambling or lottery, and participate in TV game show.Woxiao Er contend, this shows that the people of American society gradually lose the force of hard-working.
Early European immigrants believe the equality of political rights and religious. Today, the United States has also been evolved into a political money game.Woxiao Er contend Bush family success in political is "the success of the oil and money." In the religion field, freedom advocated by the United States only exist within the Christian denominations, but Islam, with little money to support, only stay in a highly vulnerable position in the United States.
Maybe, in changing times, the American dream attractive to the world getting smaller and smaller. U.S.hegemony in world politics and arbitrary make many foreigners that are full of resentment when refer to "United States".An anti-terrorism bill blocks a lot of chances for immigrants to enter the United States.Speculative and bubble economy make the ordinary people fear that their wealth suddenly will disappear suddenly.
“美國夢”背后的真正動力是什么?一些歷史學家認為,它是對財富的渴求和追逐??的腋裰萘⒋髮W歷史學教授馬修·沃肖爾指出:“對金錢的追求,是美國夢中不變的成分。然而,恰恰是對財富的過度追逐,使美國夢也在變味,并逐步喪失了對世界各地人們的吸引力。”沃肖爾在他的文章《誰想成為百萬富翁——變化中的美國夢概念》中敏銳地觀察到美國社會風氣這幾十年的變化。
如果說早期的美國人還提倡“誠實和勤奮”來致富,今天則是越來越熱衷于尋求“快速致富”。比如,現在美國人最推崇的致富方式是:與大企業打賠償官司、去拉斯維加斯賭博或買彩票以及參加有獎電視競賽節目。沃肖爾認為,這表明了美國社會正在逐漸喪失勤奮勞動的動力。
早期來美國的歐洲移民,信奉政治權利平等和宗教平等。而今天,美國的政治也在演變成為金錢的游戲。這一點沃肖爾也不否認:布什家族在美國政治上的成功就是“石油金錢的成功”。在宗教領域,美國所提倡的自由僅限于基督教各教派內部,而少有金錢支持的伊斯蘭教,在美國只能處于極度弱勢的地位。
或許,在時代的變遷中,美國夢對世界的吸引力可能越來越小。美國在世界政治中的霸權地位和獨斷專行,使不少外國人一提及“美國”這個詞就心生反感;一個反恐法案堵住了不少移民進入美國的門路;經濟的投機化、泡沫化使普通人永遠害怕自己的財富突然消失。