Passage 2

It’s hardly news that the immigration system is a mess.Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers，and visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.But since Sept.11，it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans.In addition to their mastery of forging passports，at least three of the 19 Sept.11 hijackers（劫機者）were here on expired visas.That’s been a safe bet until now.The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）（移民歸化局）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.

But this laxness（馬虎）toward immigration fraud may be about to change.Congress has already taken some modest steps.The U.S.A.Patriot Act，passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS to share more data，which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.

But what’s really needed，critics say，is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they’re here.Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.

All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week.Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：universities，which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law，and business，which relies on foreigners for cheap labor.Since the attacks，they’ve backed off.The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.

Also on the agenda for next year：a proposal，backed by some influential law-makers，to split the INS into two agencies—a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions.One reason for the division，supporters say，is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants.After the Sept.11 tragedy，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.

1.Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of______.

A.the legal privileges granted to foreigners

B.the excessive hospitality of the American people

C.the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints

D.the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service

2.We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S.government agencies to______.

A.refuse the renewing of expired visas

B.ward off terrorist suspects at the border

C.prevent the forgery of immigration papers

D.limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.

3.It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept.11，aliens with expired visas______.

A.might have them extended without trouble

B.would be closely watched by FBI agents

C.might stay on for as long as they wished

D.would live in constant fear of deportation

4.It is believed by many that all these years the INS______.

A.has been serving two contradictory functions

B.has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminately

C.has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security

D.has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies

5.Before Sept.11，the U.S.Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because______.

A.they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor

B.it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmen

C.education and business circles cared little about national security

D.resources were not available for their enforcement

參考譯文

移民系統的混亂并不是什么新聞。外國人長期以來都在利用假證件偷渡過境，而那些通過合法手段進入美國的游客在美國停留的日子往往都超過了法定期限，卻沒有受到懲罰。但是很明顯，自從“9·11”事件以來，恐怖分子很精明地把我們系統的缺點算進了他們的計劃當中。除了偽造護照的技術以外，“9·11”事件19個劫機者中的3個人的護照已經過期卻還留在美國。在這之前，那是很安全的賭注。估計有200萬外國人超過了法定期限，還故意在美國逗留，移民歸化局缺少經費，而且很明顯也無意去跟蹤他們。

但是打擊移民欺詐行為的不力將要得到改變。國會已經采取了一些適度的措施。“9·11”事件過后，就通過了《美國愛國者法案》，要求聯邦調查局、司法部、國務院和移民歸化局共享更多的資料，從而更容易地在邊境就把那些監視名單上的恐怖分子截住。

但批評家認為真正需要的是旨在加強邊境安全的更嚴格的法律和更多的資源。改革家們則號召撤銷那些妨礙司法執行的政策。他們同時也要求移民歸化局再多雇用幾百個邊境巡邏人員和調查人員，阻止非法移民進入，如果他們已經進來了就追蹤他們。改革者同時也希望看到移民歸化局建立一個數據庫，來監視那些護照持有者，留意他們在應當出境的時候是否真的離開了。

所有這些改革建議都是一個全新的邊境安全法案的一部分，該法案獲得了眾議院的批準，但在上周卻沒有得到參議院的通過。“9·11”事件之前，這樣的立法受到了兩個強大的游說集團的阻撓：一是大學院校，他們依賴于留學生的學費，而新法案將有可能把這些外國學生排除在外；二是公司，他們需要外來人員充當廉價勞動力。自從那次恐怖襲擊后，它們就已經后退不再阻撓了。要不是國會的操作，那個法案這次就會通過了，明年它應該會被重新提議并獲得通過。

同時被提上明年議程的還有一個法案，它得到一些有號召力的立法人員的支持，該提案提議將移民歸化局分成兩個機構——一個是白臉警官，可能會執行一些諸如發放公民證件的職能；另一個是黑臉警官，著力于邊境審查、驅逐出境以及其他的功能。支持者聲稱，進行這種劃分的一個原因是，這些年來移民歸化局太專注于為游客和移民服務?！?·11”事件慘劇過后，移民歸化局應該多花些精力造福于數百萬的美國百姓，他們需要依靠邊境安全來保護自己免受恐怖襲擊。

解題之路

1.選D。本題問恐怖分子明顯地利用了什么？第一段第三句開始部分告訴我們，很明顯“9·11”事件恐怖分子得逞是因為他們利用了美國移民體系的弱點（weaknesses），如forging passports（偽造護照）、過期簽證等。迄今這一直是一場安全的賭博。美國移民歸化局缺乏相關資源，并且也不愿意去追蹤大約200萬故意超過居留期的外國人（其中就有恐怖分子）。但是，這種對移民欺詐行為的懈怠、馬虎態度可能會改變（第二段第一句）。從以上可以看出，恐怖分子得逞首先應歸咎于美國的整個移民體系，INS這個機構辦事不力，缺乏效率。所以應該選D.the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service移民歸化局的低效率。A.the legal privileges granted to foreigners給予外國人的法律特權，以及B.the excessive hospitality of the American people美國人民的過分好客，這兩項文中都無信息支持。C.the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints邊境檢查站官員的不負責任，文章最后雖然講了美國要加強邊境安全以防恐怖分子襲擊，但并未提到恐怖分子是利用邊境檢查站官員的不負責任而混入美國的，所以C錯。

2.選B。本題問美國的不同政府機構將會作出什么樣的協調努力？本文定位不大容易，要求能識別the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS=various U.S.government agencies，具有一定的概括能力。第二段的意思是：這種對移民欺詐行為的懈怠狀態可能會有所改變，國會已經采取了一些適當措施，緊隨著“9·11”事件慘劇之后通過的《美國愛國者法案》要求聯邦調查局、司法部、國務院和移民歸化局共享更多的資料，這將使在邊境就阻止列入名單的恐怖分子變得更加容易。所以應該選B.ward off terrorist suspects at the border，是原文stop watch-listed terrorists at the border的同義替換。A.refuse the renewing of expired visas拒絕更新過期的簽證；C.prevent the forgery of immigration papers避免偽造移民文件；D.limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.限制來美國的移民數量。三個干擾項在文中都無信息支持。

3.選C。本題問從文章可推斷在“9·11”事件之前持有過期簽證的外國人會怎么樣？根據關鍵詞Sept.11/expired visas，定位到第一段。第一段第二句visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.那些合法來到美國的游客經常超出了他們的合法居留期而不被懲罰，同時注意at least three of the 19 Sept.11 hijackers were here on expired visas中用的是過去時態were，說明在“9·11”事件之前這幾個劫機者持的是過期簽證。最后一句也提到差不多有200萬外國人這樣做，這些簽證到期的外國人可以隨意在美國停留，因為沒有人來找他們麻煩。因此選C.might stay on for as long as they wished可以想待多久就待多久。

4.選C。本題詢問許多人這些年來對INS的看法。文章最后一段主要圍繞INS進行闡述，大意是：有建議要將INS分成兩個機構，一個負責處理公民身份文件，另一個負責邊境檢查、驅逐出境等。支持將INS分開的人認為（也就是題干里很多人的觀點），INS太過于注重為游客和移民服務了。“9·11”事件之后INS應該把更多的注意力放在為千百萬普通美國民眾服務，他們有賴于國家的邊境安全來免遭恐怖分子的襲擊。總而言之，要重視國家安全。所以，應該選整合了最后一段最后兩句意思的C.has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security過分強調了服務功能而以國家安全為代價。

5.選A。本題問“9·11”事件之前美國國會未能通過更嚴格的移民法律的原因。根據關鍵詞Before Sept.11定位到原文第四段，legislation of this kind had been blocked=had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws。第二句的大意是：在“9·11”事件之前，這類立法被兩大院外活動集團所阻止：大學（依靠外國留學生的學費）和企業（依靠外國廉價勞工），新法律將會將外國留學生和廉價勞工拒之門外。所以本題選A.they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor它們可能將外國學生和廉價勞工拒之門外。

詞匯精解

national n.（尤指僑居外國的）國民，僑民

long adv.長期地，始終

border n.邊，邊緣，邊境，邊界

fake adj.假的，偽造的

legitimately adv.正當地，合理地，合法地

overstay vt.逗留過久，停留超過（時間）

legal adj.法律的，法定的，合法的

punish vt.處罰，懲罰

resource n.資源

apparently adv.顯然地，明顯地

inclination n.傾向，愛好，意愿

estimated adj.估算的，估計的

intentionally adv.有意地，故意地

terrorist n.恐怖分子

critic n.評論家，批評家

tougher adj.更兇惡的，更強硬的，更嚴厲的

security n.安全

legislation n.制定法律，立法

block vt.妨礙，阻礙，阻攔

powerful adj.強大的，有力的

lobby n.游說

labor n.勞動，努力，勞動力

tuition n.學費

bill n.賬單，票據，清單，議案

congressional adj.會議的，大會的，國會的

maneuvering n.行動

reintroduce vt.再次引進

agenda n.議程

proposal n.建議，提議

back v.后退，支持

influential adj.有勢力的，有影響力的

split vt.劈開，分離，分開

agency n.代理處，代理，機構

cop n.警察，巡警

service vt.保養，維修，為……服務

function n.職能，作用，職責，功能

citizenship n.公民身份，公民職責，公民資格

inspection n.視察，檢查

deportation n.移送，放逐，驅逐出境

tragedy n.慘案，災難，悲劇

attack n.進攻，侵襲，襲擊

難句解析

1.Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers，and visitors who arrive in the U.S.legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.

【參考譯文】外國人長期以來都在利用假證件偷渡過境，而那些通過合法手段進入美國的游客在美國停留的日子往往都超過了法定期限，卻沒有受到懲罰。

【結構分析】這是一個由and連接的并列句，可以切分為：（Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border//with fake papers//），（and visitors//who arrive in the U.S.legitimately//often overstay their legal welcome without being punished）。第一部分的主語是Foreign nationals，謂語是have been slipping across，賓語是the border，long是時間副詞，with fake papers是方式狀語；第二部分是一個主從復合句，主干是visitors…often overstay their legal welcome，who…legitimately是主語visitors的定語從句，without being punished是條件狀語。

【知識鏈接】foreign national外國人；slip across溜過……

2.The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.

【參考譯文】估計有200萬外國人超過了法定期限，還故意在美國逗留，移民歸化局缺少經費，而且很明顯也無意去跟蹤他們。

【結構分析】這是一個主從復合句，可以切分為：（The Immigration and Naturalization Service（INS）lacks the resources，and apparently the inclination，//to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners//）（who have intentionally overstayed their welcome）。第一部分是主句，主語是The Immigration and Naturalization Service，謂語是lacks，賓語是the resources，and…the inclination，分隔號內的不定式to keep…foreigners是前面resources和inclination的后定語；第二部分是who引導的foreigners的定語從句，其中的welcome是名詞，作賓語。

【知識鏈接】Immigration and Naturalization Service（美國）移民歸化局；lack the inclination to do無意……；keep track of跟蹤

3.The U.S.A.Patriot Act，passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS to share more data，which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.

【參考譯文】“9·11”事件過后，就通過了《美國愛國者法案》，要求聯邦調查局、司法部、國務院和移民歸化局共享更多的資料，從而更容易地在邊境就把那些監視名單上的恐怖分子截住。

【結構分析】這是一個主從復合句，可以切分為：（The U.S.A.Patriot Act，//passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy//，requires the FBI，the Justice Department，the State Department and the INS//to share more data//），（which will make it easier//to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border//）。第一部分是主句，主干是The U.S.A.Patriot Act…requires…the INS，過去分詞passed是主語的后定語，in the wake…tragedy是時間狀語，不定式to share more data是賓語補足語；第二部分是which引導的定語從句，which指代前面的一句話，it指代后面的不定式to stop…terrorists，at the border是地點狀語。

【知識鏈接】Patriot Act愛國者法案；in the wake of在……之后；the Justice Department（美國）司法部；the State Department（美國）國務院；watch-listed（adj.）受到監視的

4.But what’s really needed，critics say，is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.

【參考譯文】但批評家認為真正需要的是旨在加強邊境安全的更嚴格的法律和更多的資源。

【結構分析】這是一個主從復合句，what’s really needed是主語從句，critics say是插入語，過去分詞短語aimed at…security是前面tougher laws and more resources的后定語，動名詞短語tightening…security是介詞at的賓語。

【知識鏈接】aim at旨在……；tighten up加強

5.Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：universities，which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law，and business，which relies on foreigners for cheap labor.

【參考譯文】“9·11”事件之前，這樣的立法受到了兩個強大的游說集團的阻撓：一是大學院校，他們依賴于留學生的學費，而新法案將有可能把這些外國學生排除在外；二是公司，他們需要外來人員充當廉價勞動力。

【結構分析】這是一個主從復合句，可以切分為：（Before Sept.11，legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies：）（universities，//which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law//，and business，//which relies on foreigners for cheap labor//）。第一部分是主句，主語是legislation of this kind，謂語是had been blocked，Before Sept.11是時間狀語；第二部分的主干是兩個并列名詞：universities…and business，作前面two powerful lobbies的同位語，第一個分隔號內which引導的定語從句修飾universities，from…students是tuition的后定語，who引導的定語從句修飾students，第二個分隔號內which引導的是business的定語從句，for cheap labor是目的狀語。

【知識鏈接】rely on依靠；keep out排除

6.The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.

【參考譯文】要不是國會的操作，那個法案這次就會通過了，明年它應該會被重新提議并獲得通過。

【結構分析】這個句子的主干是：The bill would have passed…and is expected to be…and to pass，即由and連接的三個并列結構；but for引導的是一條件狀語，意義相當于if it were not for…

【知識鏈接】but for若不是（引導虛擬語氣的條件狀語）；be expected to do應該……

7.Also on the agenda for next year：a proposal，backed by some influential law-makers，to split the INS into two agencies—a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions.

【參考譯文】同時被提上明年議程的還有一個法案，它得到一些有號召力的立法人員的支持，該提案提議將移民歸化局分成兩個機構——一個是白臉警官，可能會執行一些諸如發放公民證件的職能，另一個是黑臉警官，著力于邊境審查、驅逐出境以及其他的功能。

【結構分析】這不是一個句子，而是名詞短語；可以切分為：a proposal，（backed by some influential law-makers），（to split the INS into two agencies）—（a good cop//that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers//and a bad cop//that would concentrate on border inspections，deportation and other functions//）。過去分詞短語backed…是proposal的后定語；不定式to split…agencies也是proposal的后定語；破折號之后的主干是兩個并列的名詞短語：a good cop…and a bad cop，之后的that…citizenship papers和that…other functions分別是其定語從句；最開頭的on the agenda是地點狀語，for next year是agenda的后定語。

【知識鏈接】law-maker（n.）立法者；split…into…將……分為……；tend to do趨向于……；concentrate on專注于……

8.After the Sept.l1 tragedy，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.

【參考譯文】“9·11”事件慘劇過后，移民歸化局應該多花些精力造福于數百萬的美國百姓，他們需要依靠邊境安全來保護自己免受恐怖襲擊。

【結構分析】這是一個主從復合句，可以切分為：（//After the Sept.11 tragedy//，the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans）（who rely on the nation’s border security//to protect them from terrorist attacks//）。第一部分是主句，After…tragedy是時間狀語，serving…ordinary Americans是動名詞短語，作介詞to的賓語；第二部分是who引導的定語從句，修飾前面的ordinary Americans，其中的不定式to protect…attacks是目的狀語。

【知識鏈接】pay attention to關注……；millions of數百萬……；protect sb.from使某人免受……