PartA 傳統(tǒng)題型

基礎(chǔ)篇

小貼士

1.該單元以夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)為主，要求每篇文章閱讀兩遍，建議總用時(shí)45分鐘。

2.首遍先快速通讀全文，然后做文后習(xí)題，建議用時(shí)15分鐘，其中閱讀7分鐘，做題8分鐘。

3.二遍邊讀邊對(duì)照漢語譯文，檢查是否有理解偏差，再對(duì)照“解題之路”部分，驗(yàn)證做題效果，建議用時(shí)15分鐘。

4.最后再看文后的“詞匯精解”和“難句解析”部分，對(duì)重點(diǎn)詞匯和句型強(qiáng)化記憶，建議用時(shí)15分鐘。

Passage 1

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives，we usually think about the Federal agents.But the private sector outdoes the government every time.It’s Linda Tripp，not the FBI，who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping.It’s our banks，not the Internal Revenue Service（IRS），that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.

Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far.The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.

As an example of what’s going on，consider U.S.Bancorp，which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.According to the lawsuit，the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits.

With these customer lists in hand，MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans，videogames，computer software and other products and services.Customers who accepted a“free trial offer”had 30 days to cancel.If the deadline passed，they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts.U.S.Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.

Customers were doubly deceived，the lawsuit claims.They didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks.And if customers asked，they were led to think the answer was no.

The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling.The company defends that it did anything wrong.For its part，U.S.Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms.A few top banks decided to do the same.Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.

And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products，including things of little value，such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.

You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit.For example，no federal law shields“transaction and experience”information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts.Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms.They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public.But to businesses，the numbers are an open book.Self-regulation doesn’t work.A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy，but who enforces it？

Take U.S.Bancorp again.Customers were told，in writing，that“all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”Then it sold your data to MemberWorks.The bank even claims that it doesn’t“sell”your data at all.It merely“shares”it and reaps a profit.Now you know.

1.Contrary to popular belief，the author finds that spying on people’s privacy______.

A.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping

B.has been intensified with the help of the IRS

C.is practiced exclusively by the FBI

D.is more prevalent in business circles

2.We know from the passage that______.

A.legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection

B.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses

C.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information

D.lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers’buying habits

3.When the“free trial”deadline is over，you’ll be charged without notice for a product or service if______.

A.you fail to cancel it within the specified period

B.you happen to reveal your credit card number

C.you find the product or service unsatisfactory

D.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline

4.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because______.

A.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy

B.it is considered“transaction and experience”information unprotected by law

C.it has always been considered an open secret by the general public

D.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation

5.We can infer from the passage that______.

A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business

B.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced

C.consumers’privacy will continue to be invaded

D.“free trial”practice will eventually be banned

參考譯文

當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心有人在窺探自己私生活的時(shí)候，往往想到的是聯(lián)邦密探。然而每次那些私人企業(yè)的所作所為更甚于政府。因違反馬里蘭州反對(duì)偷錄電話的法律而吃官司的是Linda Tripp公司，而不是聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局。把我們的私人財(cái)務(wù)檔案透露給電話推銷公司的是我們的銀行，而不是國稅局。

消費(fèi)者中的積極分子一直在向國會(huì)施壓，以通過更完善的保護(hù)私有權(quán)的法律，然而至今都沒什么結(jié)果。立法議員傾向于縱容那些商人追查我們的財(cái)務(wù)習(xí)慣，而這種行為實(shí)際上是任意妄為的。

為了說清楚到底發(fā)生了什么，讓我們來看看美國Bancorp銀行，它最近剛被明尼蘇達(dá)州以欺詐的罪名起訴。根據(jù)訴訟，該銀行向一個(gè)名叫MemberWorks的電信運(yùn)營商提供了敏感的客戶資料，諸如名字、電話、銀行賬號(hào)、信用卡號(hào)碼、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼、收支表以及借貸限額。

手上有了這些客戶的資料清單，MemberWorks就開始打電話賺錢——推銷護(hù)牙計(jì)劃、視頻游戲、電腦軟件以及其他產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。那些得到“免費(fèi)使用服務(wù)”的用戶，只有30天的時(shí)間可以取消使用。一旦過了期限，（公司）就會(huì)自動(dòng)從銀行和信用卡賬戶上扣錢。美國Bancorp銀行則分享其中的收入。

訴訟聲稱，顧客被雙重欺騙。他們對(duì)于銀行把賬戶號(hào)碼透露給MemberWorks的情況毫不知情，并且當(dāng)那些客戶詢問銀行時(shí)，銀行的回答卻是沒有。

該州還單獨(dú)起訴MemberWorks進(jìn)行欺詐性推銷，而該公司則否認(rèn)自己曾做錯(cuò)過事。對(duì)美國Bancorp來說，它沒有承認(rèn)任何錯(cuò)誤就將問題解決，但它倒是同意不再透露客戶資料給那些出售非金融產(chǎn)品的外部公司。若干個(gè)頂級(jí)銀行已經(jīng)決定采取同樣的做法，然而許多銀行仍然與MemberWorks及類似的公司打交道。

銀行仍然會(huì)繼續(xù)從你的賬戶上挖掘資料，以便向你推銷金融服務(wù)，也包括一些沒什么用的信息，比如信用保險(xiǎn)和信用卡保護(hù)方案。

對(duì)于那些利用你的個(gè)人賬號(hào)賺取利潤的公司來說，你幾乎沒有什么防備。例如，沒有任何聯(lián)邦法律保護(hù)“業(yè)務(wù)交易及其過程”的信息——主要是你的銀行和信用卡賬號(hào)的詳細(xì)資料。社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼由私營企業(yè)出售。它們一般同意不賣給公眾；但是對(duì)商人來說，這些號(hào)碼就像是一本敞開的書，自我管制根本就不起作用。一個(gè)公司可以制定一個(gè)保護(hù)私有權(quán)的政策，但誰來執(zhí)行呢？

再來看看美國Bancorp這個(gè)例子。客戶們被書面告知：“你提供給我們的所有個(gè)人資料都將被視為機(jī)密。”轉(zhuǎn)頭它就把你的檔案賣給了MemberWorks。該銀行甚至聲稱它根本就沒有“賣”檔案，只不過是將它“共享”并且賺取利潤。現(xiàn)在你知道了吧。

解題之路

1.選D。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞spying on people’s privacy定位到原文第一段第一句，popular belief=we usually think。第一句和第二句的大意為：當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心誰會(huì)刺探人們的隱私時(shí)，通常會(huì)認(rèn)為是聯(lián)邦密探。但每一次都是私營部門勝過了政府。接著，作者舉例說某個(gè)公司正在面對(duì)電話竊聽的控告，銀行把顧客的私人金融信息透露給電話營銷公司。我們可以推斷，刺探私人隱私的不是政府，而是主要集中在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，所以選D.is more prevalent in business circles在商業(yè)界更加流行。Business circle是對(duì)原文中banks/telemarketing firms等的概括性替換。A.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping主要通過秘密竊聽的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)，mainly太絕對(duì)，對(duì)原文或者選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的修飾性副詞或形容詞要高度關(guān)注，必須看原文中是否體現(xiàn)；B.has been intensified with the help of the IRS在IRS的幫助下得到了加強(qiáng)，以及C.is practiced exclusively by the FBI只由FBI實(shí)行，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與作者觀點(diǎn)相反，F(xiàn)BI/IRS屬于政府部門。

2.選D。本題問我們從文中可以知道什么？必須對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，否則難以進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。選項(xiàng)A和D都與立法議員有關(guān)，但D項(xiàng)中l(wèi)aw-maker是第二段第二句出現(xiàn)的legislators的替換詞，它更有可能是答案。第二段的大意為：消費(fèi)者的積極分子正在推動(dòng)國會(huì)通過更好的隱私保護(hù)法，但到目前為止沒什么結(jié)果。立法議員們傾向于讓商人幾乎是隨意地追蹤我們（消費(fèi)者）的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。因此，最后選定與此意思相一致的D.law-makers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customer’s buying habits立法議員們傾向讓企業(yè)自由調(diào)查消費(fèi)者的購買習(xí)慣。

3.選A。本題問：免費(fèi)試用期結(jié)束之后，發(fā)生什么樣的情況你將會(huì)在沒有通知時(shí)因某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)被收費(fèi)？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞free trial定位到第四段第二句和第三句，大意為：接受免費(fèi)試用服務(wù)的顧客有30天的時(shí)間可以取消它。如果最后期限過了，就會(huì)通過銀行或信用卡賬戶自動(dòng)對(duì)顧客收費(fèi)。也就是說，顧客如果在指定期限內(nèi)不取消服務(wù)，就會(huì)被自動(dòng)扣費(fèi)。顯然應(yīng)該選A.you fail to cancel it within the specified period你沒有在指定期限內(nèi)取消服務(wù)。B.you happen to reveal your credit card number你偶然暴露了你的信用卡號(hào)碼；C.you find the product or service unsatisfactory你覺得產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)不能令人滿意；D.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline你沒有能夠申請(qǐng)延長最后期限；這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是拼湊了原文中的詞匯來進(jìn)行干擾，與文中信息不符。

4.選B。本題問企業(yè)不把個(gè)人銀行賬戶的信息看做是私人信息的原因是什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Businesses/personal bank accounts定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段，其大意為：企業(yè)利用你的個(gè)人賬戶獲利，你卻幾乎無法得到保護(hù)。比如說，沒有哪一部聯(lián)邦法律保護(hù)交易往來信息——主要是你的銀行和信用卡賬戶的細(xì)節(jié)。私人公司還出售社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼，它們一般會(huì)同意不向公眾出售。但對(duì)于企業(yè)來說，這些號(hào)碼是公開的信息。（也就是說可以向企業(yè)銷售）行業(yè)自律是不起作用的，一家公司也許會(huì)發(fā)布隱私保護(hù)政策，但是誰去實(shí)施它呢？另外，再根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容The company denies that it did anything wrong.For its part，U.S.Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.綜合判斷，應(yīng)該選B.it is considered“transaction and experience”information unprotected by law這些信息被（企業(yè)）認(rèn)為是不被法律保護(hù)的“交易往來”信息。

5.選C。本題要求對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推斷，考查對(duì)全文進(jìn)行綜合概括的能力。文章談到現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)消費(fèi)者沒什么保護(hù)，當(dāng)然消費(fèi)者的利益會(huì)被繼續(xù)侵犯，所以選C.consumers’privacy will continue to be invaded消費(fèi)者的隱私將繼續(xù)被侵犯。A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business銀行將不得不改變做生意的方式，原文指出現(xiàn)行法律并不保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的某些交易信息，立法議員也對(duì)企業(yè)放任自流，所以銀行并不會(huì)如A所言；B.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced隱私保護(hù)法將很快被執(zhí)行，與文章最后一句矛盾；D.“free trial”practice will eventually be banned“免費(fèi)試用”最終將會(huì)被禁止，文中無信息支持。

詞匯精解

spy vt.偵察，發(fā)現(xiàn)，監(jiān)視

outdo vt.勝過，比……做過頭

charge n.費(fèi)用，掌管，指控

taping n.錄音

firm n.公司

consumer n.消費(fèi)者

activist n.激進(jìn)主義分子，活動(dòng)家，積極分子

legislator n.立法者

track vt.追蹤，跟蹤

financial adj.金融的，財(cái)政的，財(cái)務(wù)的

virtually adv.實(shí)質(zhì)上，實(shí)際上

deceptive adj.欺騙性的

lawsuit n.訴訟

telemarketer n.電信運(yùn)營商

sensitive adj.感光的，靈敏的，敏感的

data n.數(shù)據(jù)，資料

account n.計(jì)算，理由，說明，賬戶

balance n.秤，天平，余額，平衡

limit n.界限，局限，限度

dial vt.撥打（電話）

dental adj.牙科的

videogame n.視頻游戲

software n.軟件

shield vt.庇護(hù)，防護(hù)，保護(hù)

transaction n.辦理，處理，交易

mine vt.開采，破壞，挖掘

insurance n.保險(xiǎn)業(yè)，保險(xiǎn)單，保險(xiǎn)

personal adj.親自的，私人的，個(gè)人的

confidential adj.秘密的，機(jī)密的

reap vt.收割，收獲

profit n.利潤，益處，利益

難句解析

1.It’s Linda Tripp，not the FBI，who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping.

【參考譯文】因違反馬里蘭州反對(duì)偷錄電話的法律而吃官司的是Linda Tripp公司，而不是聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是使用了It’s…who…結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語Linda Tripp，謂語是is facing，賓語是charges，介詞短語under…taping是charges的后定語，against…taping是laws的后定語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】FBI（美國）聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局；Maryland馬里蘭（美國州名）；telephone taping電話錄音

2.The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.

【參考譯文】立法議員傾向于縱容那些商人追查我們的財(cái)務(wù)習(xí)慣，而這種行為實(shí)際上是任意妄為的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是一個(gè)簡單句，主語是The legislators，謂語是lean toward，其后的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)letting…at will是賓語，track…h(huán)abits是people的補(bǔ)足語，at will是方式狀語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】lean toward doing sth.傾向于……；at will任意地

3.As an example of what’s going on，consider U.S.Bancorp，which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.

【參考譯文】為了說清楚到底發(fā)生了什么，讓我們來看看美國Bancorp銀行，它最近剛被明尼蘇達(dá)州以欺詐的罪名起訴。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這個(gè)句子的主干是祈使句consider U.S.Bancorp，之后which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾U.S.Bancorp，其中的for deceptive practices是原因狀語，As…going on是方式狀語，what’s going on是介詞of的賓語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】go on進(jìn)行；be sued for因……被起訴；deceptive practice欺騙行為；Minnesota明尼蘇達(dá)（美國州名）

4.According to the lawsuit，the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits.

【參考譯文】根據(jù)訴訟，該銀行向一個(gè)名叫MemberWorks的電信運(yùn)營商提供了敏感的客戶資料，諸如名字、電話、銀行賬號(hào)、信用卡號(hào)碼、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼、收支表以及借貸限額。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是一個(gè)簡單句，可以切分為：（According to the lawsuit），（the bank supplied a telemarketer//called MemberWorks//with sensitive customer data//such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits//）。第一部分是According to引導(dǎo)的方式狀語；第二部分是主干，主語是the bank，謂語是supplied，賓語是a telemarketer，過去分詞短語called MemberWorks是telemarketer的后定語，such as…and credit limits是并列的名詞短語，作前面customer data的后定語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】according to根據(jù)；supply sb.with給某人提供……；credit-card信用卡；Social Security社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)

5.With these customer lists in hand，MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans，videogames，computer software and other products and services.

【參考譯文】手上有了這些客戶的資料清單，MemberWorks就開始打電話賺錢——推銷護(hù)牙計(jì)劃、視頻游戲、電腦軟件以及其他產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主干是MemberWorks started dialing，With…in hand是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即：With+名詞+介詞短語，for…services是目的狀語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】in hand在手頭；dollars-selling（adj.）賺錢的；computer software計(jì)算機(jī)軟件

6.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products，including things of little value，such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.

【參考譯文】銀行仍然會(huì)繼續(xù)從你的賬戶上挖掘資料，以便向你推銷金融服務(wù)，也包括一些沒什么用的信息，比如信用保險(xiǎn)和信用卡保護(hù)方案。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子的主干是And banks will still be mining data，from…account是地點(diǎn)狀語，in order to…products是目的狀語，including…value是前面products的后定語，such as…plans是前面things的后定語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】in order to為了；value（n.）價(jià)值；such as譬如

7.Customers were told，in writing，that“all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”

【參考譯文】客戶們被書面告知：“你提供給我們的所有個(gè)人資料都將被視為機(jī)密。”

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)在于that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主干是：all personal information…will be considered，you supply to us是information的定語從句，you之前省略了連接詞that，confidential是information的補(bǔ)足語。

【知識(shí)鏈接】in writing書面上；supply sth.to sb.向某人提供……