第44解

encumbrance

【英文】An encumbrance is a right to，interest in，or legal liability on real property that does not prohibit passing title to the property but that diminishes its value.Encumbrances can be classified in several ways.They may be financial（ex. liens）or non-financial（ex.easements，private restrictions）.Alternatively，they may be divided into those that affect title（ex.lien，legal or equitable charge）or those that affect the use or physical condition of the encumbered property（ex.restrictions，easements，encroachments）.

【譯文】財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)（或產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)）指對不動產(chǎn)的擁有的權(quán)利、享有的權(quán)益或承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任，其并不禁止產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移，但卻因此減少價(jià)值。產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)有幾種分類方法?？砂唇疱X（如留置權(quán)）或非金錢（如地役權(quán)、私人約束權(quán)等）分類。還有另外一種分類方式，即可對設(shè)定了產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)的財(cái)產(chǎn)按影響產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移（如留置、普通法或衡平法上的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)等）或影響該財(cái)產(chǎn)的使用或物理狀態(tài)（如約束使用、地役權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)侵蝕等）等進(jìn)行分類。

【解釋】encumbrance可譯為“財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)”或“產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)”。

再如：

1.Encumbrances include security interests，liens，servitudes（e.g.easements，wayleaves，real covenants，profits a prendre），leases，restrictions，encroachments，and air and subsurface rights.Also，those considered as potentially making the title defeasible are encumbrances，e.g.charging orders，building orders and structure alteration.〔譯文：財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)包括擔(dān)保權(quán)益、留置權(quán)、使用權(quán)（如地役權(quán)、通行權(quán)、不動產(chǎn)契約以及先占權(quán)等）、租賃、約束、侵蝕以及空中和地下等各種權(quán)利。另外，被視為潛在地可廢除產(chǎn)權(quán)之各種權(quán)利也屬于產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)，比如財(cái)產(chǎn)扣押令、建筑要求命令以及改動建筑結(jié)構(gòu)等權(quán)利?！?/p>

2.In Hong Kong，there is statutory definition of “encumbrance”.In Conveyancing and Property Ordinance（Cap.219）it reads：“‘encumbrance’includes a legal and equitable mortgage，a trust for securing money，a lien，a charge of a portion，annuity，or other capital or annual sum；and “encumbrancer”has a meaning corresponding with that of “encumbrance” and includes every person entitled to the benefit of an encumbrance，or to require payment or discharge thereof.”〔譯文：在香港，制定法對“產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)”進(jìn)行了界定?！段飿I(yè)轉(zhuǎn)易及財(cái)產(chǎn)條例》（第219章規(guī)定，“產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)”包括普通法和衡平法上的抵押、為保障金錢安全的財(cái)產(chǎn)信托、留置、對（根據(jù)法律贈與或遺留給繼承人的）一份財(cái)產(chǎn)接管、年薪保險(xiǎn)或其他本金總額或年度總額等。而“產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)人”則意味著前述相應(yīng)的“產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)”，包括有權(quán)獲得產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)利益或依據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)負(fù)擔(dān)規(guī)定要求支付或履行義務(wù)的每一個(gè)人?！?/p>