第二章 古代建筑的智慧 Chapter Two The Wisdom of Ancient Architecture

以木構架為主要結構方式的中國古代建筑，風格獨特、自成體系，在世界建筑史上獨樹一幟，是人類建筑寶庫中的一顆明珠。中國的木構架一般包括柱、梁、枋、檁、斗拱、椽子等基本構件，這些構件相互獨立，需要用榫卯結構連接起來才能組成建筑。因此，榫卯結構是中國古代木構建筑系統的基本特征，也是中國建筑中最早具有科學意義的設計語言。中國古代出現過很多歷經幾百年不倒的建筑傳奇，這些木構古建筑經受了多次地震的考驗仍能安然無恙、巍然挺立，很大程度上歸功于榫卯結構的巧妙設計。

Ancient Chinese architecture with wooden framework as its main structure has a unique style and self-contained system, which is distinguished in the history of world architecture as a pearl in the treasure house of human architecture. Chinese wooden framework generally includes basic components such as pillars, beams, tie beams, purlins, dougong and rafters, which are independent to each other and need to be connected in the structure of mortise and tenon to construct a building. Therefore, the mortise and tenon structure is the basic feature of the ancient Chinese wooden architectural system and also the earliest scientifically significant architectural language in China. In ancient China, there have been many legends of buildings that have not fallen for hundreds of years. The buildings have withstood many earthquakes and are still intact, which is largely attributed to the intelligent design of the mortise and tenon structure.