三、河姆渡木榫卯（文物）

Wooden Mortise and Tenon Found at Hemudu (Relic)

右圖為河姆渡遺址出土的榫卯木構(gòu)，距今約7000年。

1973年，在河姆渡遺址，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量榫卯結(jié)構(gòu)的木質(zhì)構(gòu)件，這是我國(guó)迄今為止已發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的榫卯。這一時(shí)期金屬工具尚未出現(xiàn)，使用石器加工木料并非易事，因此榫卯大多比較粗糙，只在原木上稍做修整。但對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的原始生產(chǎn)水平而言，榫卯技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到相當(dāng)高的水平，多種明清時(shí)期常用的柱頭柱腳榫、燕尾榫、企口榫等榫卯在當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)雛形。這些榫卯結(jié)構(gòu)主要應(yīng)用在河姆渡干欄式房屋的建造上。

The wooden framework of the mortise and tenon unearthed from the Hemudu site (see the right figure) can be traced back to about 7,000 years ago.

In 1973, a large number of wooden mortise and tenon components were discovered in the Hemudu site, and those were the earliest mortises and tenons found in China so far. During this period, without metal tools, it was not easy to use stone tools to process wood. Therefore, most of the mortises and tenons were quite rough, only slightly processed on logs. However, in terms of the primitive production situation at that time, the technology had reached a very high level that many kinds of mortises and tenons commonly used in the Ming and Qing dynasties were formed then, such as column tenon, swallow-tail-shaped tenon and lug tenon. These mortise and tenon structures were mainly adopted in the construction of wooden stilt style buildings of Hemudu.

河姆渡木榫卯（文物）
Wooden Mortise and Tenon Found at Hemudu (Relic)