二、干欄式建筑

Wooden Stilt Style Buildings

距今7000年前，河姆渡人在巢居的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)明了干欄式建筑。這種建筑是用豎立的木樁構(gòu)成高出地面的底架，底架上有大小梁木承托著的懸空的地板，板上立柱安梁，用蘆席圍墻、茅草蓋頂，上面住人，下面飼養(yǎng)牲畜。最大單幢建筑面寬至少23米，進(jìn)深約7米，前檐有寬約1.1米的走廊，其前沿設(shè)直欞木欄桿。地板高出地面0.8~1米，用木梯上下。

干欄式建筑的建造模式使其既能防水防潮，又能躲避蟲獸侵襲。河姆渡干欄式建筑是中國最早的木構(gòu)建筑，其梁架等構(gòu)造中已采用榫卯結(jié)合工藝。

Wooden stilt style buildings were invented on the basis of nest dwelling by the Hemudu people 7,000 years ago. For this kind of building, people used erected wooden piles to form a ground frame that was higher than the ground. There was a hang floor supported by large and small beams of wood on the bottom frame, the columns on the board were installed with beams on top, and reeds and thatches were used respectively to build walls and roofs. People lived up there and kept livestock down there. The longest building had a longitudinal length of more than 23 meters. The long house was about 7 meters deep, with about 1.1-meter wide front corridor, equipped with a straight wooden railing. The floor was 0.8–1 meter above the ground, with a wooden ladder for people to walk up and down.

The construction of wooden stilt style buildings has the effect of being waterproof, moisture-proof and reptiles-proof. Wooden stilt style buildings of the Hemudu people were the earliest wooden framework buildings in China, using the mortise and tenon technology in its framework construction.

干欄式建筑模型
Model of Wooden Stilt Style Buildings