人群腫瘤登記是制定癌癥防控政策、評價癌癥防控效果及開展相關研究的基礎性工作。2008年，衛生部設立“腫瘤登記隨訪項目”并納入“國家重大公共衛生專項中央財政轉移支付項目”，在中國大陸31個省（自治區、直轄市）及新疆生產建設兵團（未包括香港、澳門特別行政區和臺灣省）建立了覆蓋全國的人群腫瘤登記和監測隨訪網絡，逐步開展人群為基礎的癌癥發病、死亡和生存的信息收集工作。2015年，國家衛生和計劃生育委員會、國家中醫藥管理局聯合下發《腫瘤登記管理辦法》，從制度上保證了全國腫瘤登記工作的順利開展。多年來，在上級主管部門的領導和大力支持下，全國腫瘤登記處數量和質量逐年提升。截至2018年底，開展人群腫瘤登記工作的登記處為574個，覆蓋4.38億人口，較為全面地掌握了我國癌癥發病、死亡、生存狀況及發展趨勢。

近幾十年我國人群腫瘤登記工作進展迅速，但現有腫瘤登記工作仍存在登記監測點不平衡、數據利用不充分、登記處數據質量有待進一步提高等問題。下一步我們將進一步健全腫瘤登記報告制度，依托互聯網和人工智能技術，實現腫瘤登記監測數據的自動抓取，降低人力成本，提高登記數據的質量和可信度。依托信息化技術，提高數據連續性、時效性，規范開展信息共享建設，實現腫瘤登記工作在全國所有區縣全覆蓋，更好發揮登記數據價值，為循證決策支持提供及時服務。

Chapter 1　Introduction

1　Population-based cancer registration system in China

Population-based cancer registration provides basic data on policy making and evaluation of cancer prevention and control strategies.Since 2008，the former Ministry of Health set up “National Cancer Registration and Follow-up Program” to support the cancer registration in China with sustainable funding.All 31 provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in mainland China have established cancer registration framework.Population-based cancer incidence，mortality and survival information are collected through the cancer registration system.In 2015，the former National Health and Family Planning Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Medicine of China co-published “Chinese Cancer Registration Management Regulation”，which provides a legal protection on cancer registration in China.Under the leadership of the Chinese government，there has been a steady increase in the numbers and quality of populationbased cancer registries in China.Until the end of 2018，there are a total of 574 population-based cancer registries，with 438 million population coverage.Trends and updated statistics of cancer incidence，mortality and survival are comprehensively reported.

Though there has been fast development on the Chinese population-based cancer registration，we still need to improve the representativeness，quality and availability of the cancer registration data.For the next step，we will further strengthen the cancer registration system by using artificial intelligence and up-to-date internet techniques to enable the automatic data capture，and finally improve the quality and validity of cancer registration data.With the rapid development of the bioinformatics，we will accelerate the construction of data sharing system and improve the timeliness and continuity of cancer registration data through a nationwide coverage in each county of China，to help provide scientific evidence for future policy marking.