休閑、審美與文化創意
（代序）

潘立勇⁽¹⁾

摘　要：休閑是文化創生和造化的時空基礎，也是創意的人本心理基礎，審美則是文化創意的心理動力機制。勞動和勤奮只是提供文明物品的制造和積累，休閑和審美才能提供文化發展的創意。不是“勞動創造了美”，勞動只是制造物品，或是進化了能創造美的主體；而是“休閑創生了美”，形成了審美思維，審美思維又化生了創意。休閑為文化創意之境，審美為文化創意之靈；反過來，創意又成為休閑與審美生生不息之易。

關鍵詞：休閑；審美；創意

Abstract: For one thing, Leisure is the space-time basis of the cultural creation and innovation, but also the humanistic psychological basis of creativity; for another, Aesthetics embodies the psychological motive mechanism of cultural creativity. Instead of labor and diligence, which just provides the manufacture and accumulation of materials of civilized society, leisure and aesthetic provides creative inspiration for cultural development. Labor can only produce substance, or evolve the subject who creates the beauty, but leisure can encourage aesthetic thinking, and aesthetic thinking further brews creative ideas, so leisure rather than labor creates beauty. Leisure provides atmosphere for the cultural creativity, and aesthetic brings inspiration for it; cultural creativity, in turn, turns into the essence of Yi (Change) that makes leisure and aesthetic continue to be born.

Fundamentally speaking, leisure and aesthetic have a common nature as a state of human self-dependent life and free feeling. Self-dependence, freedom and self-actualization are its core features, and this is also the humanistic basis of cultural creativity. From the point ofBen Ti (the original Being of life, or ontology), all the creation is actually a discovery. The idea (creative idea) is always there from nature and only the self-dependent subject can get it, because the subject is so free that he/she can fully release confidence and spirit and then be aware of all possibilities of existence and appearance in nature. From the point of Gong Fu (life practice), the innovation of creative ideas depends on the ultimate sensitivity of the subject. The one who has a deep self-knowledge about the true meaning of the self-existence would avoid prejudice, and understand diversity, and finally get creative ideas that are full of personality.

Leisure environment and mood is necessary for cultural creativity. Literally, self-dependence can't depend on or be obliged by others. Only in the mood of self-dependence, people can approach theoriginal meaning of innovation and make it obvious distinctly and uniquely. The society should guarantee the individual's freedom, which is the social freedom system; people should be confident and maintain their self-dependence, which is the individual's freedom. We need free and relaxed creative atmosphere, but also need free creative mind. Only in free state, human potential (including the potential of thinking, emotional potential and creative potential) can develop infinitely, and people can have genuine decision and unfettered creation. Self-actualization, filled with inspiration, is a natural result of self-dependence and self-confidence. So, efforts and diligence are not enough for discovery and creativity, and meditation and self-insight is necessary for the unexpected discovery of the essence of the universe.

For cultural creativity, the meaning of aesthetics can be attributed to two aspects. First of all, the power of creativity often comes from the instinctive pursuit of beauty. Many scientific discoveries have a common feature that to pursue the beauty of the object ultimately lead to find the real law. Second, creativity needs imagination and aesthetic thinking. Aesthetic thinking can break the stereotype, routine, and rigidity caused by rational and inertia thinking, and it makes people look at the world with another perspective, giving the world a very different meaning. Therefore, aesthetic thinking can make people's imagination fully developed, so that people keenly aware of things, and then break through the routine and create new works.

Leisure and aesthetic provide space-time and psychological basis, as well as the corresponding mechanism, for the cultural creativity. In turn, the creativity inspires the content and way of leisure and aesthetic to update and change constantly.Zhou Yi (Book of Changes) said that the life itself is the change, and creativity brings the lifeful change to leisure and aesthetics. In the spiritual field, betraying tradition, breaking the routine, creating new works, creativity guides people beyond themselves and the rules. In the economic field, creativity can be considered as the magic cube which symbolizes the wonderful combination of the intelligent industry, and the engine which leads wealth and creates the future.

Key words: Leisure; Aesthetic; Creativity

當代中國社會發展和產業轉型升級的關鍵在于創意，文化產業的前景也取決于創意。這個問題已被國人和學界普遍關注，這項研究對于促進當代文化創意產業的發展，具有重要的理論和現實意義。

文化創意離不開休閑的環境和心境；審美思維是文化創意的心理動力機制。休閑與審美有著共同的本質，即人的“自在生命的自由體驗”⁽²⁾。自在、自由、自得是其最基本的特征，這也正是文化創意的人本基礎。從本體上說，一切創造均是發現，創意之“意”，本體就在，唯主體自在，方能切近“意”之本在；唯主體自由，方能充分釋放信心和靈心，進而選擇萬物存在與呈現之無限可能。從工夫上說，創意之新，取決于主體心靈透徹敏感，本心明覺，良知獨照，方能撇開成見俗見的遮蔽，澄明萬事萬物多樣之新，自得創意之見。