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(8)語句的變換

語句在構造上有單句、復句和并列句之分,不過這些不同的句式,完全是屬于語法上的,與意義無關。同一種意義,可以用好幾種句式表示出來,說明盡管不同,意思可以不變。為求徹底明了這三種句式的構成起見,我們不妨試將句式變換,例如將復句改為單句,將并列句改為單句,或將復句改為并列句。對于語句的各種構造運用自如之后,寫作時就不會有何困難了。

1. 由復句改成單句

A. 將名詞從句換用其他單詞或短語的

告訴我你出生的時間和地點。

Tell me when and where you were born.(復句)

Tell me the time and place of your birth.(單句)

我們不能相信他說的話。

We can place no confidence in whatever he says.(復句)

We can place no confidence in any of his words.(單句)

我一定可以使你滿足。

I am certain that I shall give you satisfaction.(復句)

I am certain of giving you satisfaction.(單句)

我很高興聽見你回來了。

I was glad to hear that you had come back.(復句)

I was glad to hear of your having come back.(單句)

我確信他會成功。

I am sure that he will succeed.(復句)

He is sure to succeed.(單句)

一般相信他是肺病死的。

It is generally believed that he has died of consumption.(復句)

He is generally believed to have died of consumption.(單句)

B. 將形容詞從句換用其他單詞或短語的

我們現在住的這房子對我們很適合。

The house in which we live at present suits us exactly.(復句)

Our present house suits us exactly.(單句)

他們的說明不可靠。

The explanation they gave cannot be true.(復句)

Their explanation cannot be true.(單句)

他給了我一張他自己畫的畫。

He gave me a picture which he had drawn.(復句)

He gave me a picture of his own drawing.(單句)

他不是一個說謊的人。

He is not a man who tells a lie.(復句)

He is not a man to tell a lie.(單句)

那是一個不可寬恕的過失。

That was a fault which should not be forgiven.(復句)

That was a fault not to be forgiven.(單句)

C. 將副詞從句換用其他單詞或短語的

他們聽到他的自白非常驚異。

They were much surprised when they heard him confess.(復句)

They were much surprised to hear him confess.(單句)

因屢次失敗所以他就不再試了。

As he had made many failures,he made no further attempt.(復句)

Owing to repeated failures,he made no further attempt.(單句)

那少年很誠實不肯撒謊。

The boy is so honest that he cannot tell a lie.(復句)

The boy is too honest to tell a lie.(單句)

他工作如此優秀使大家為之吃驚。

He worked so well that every one was astonished.(復句)

He worked very well,to the astonishment of everyone.(單句)

為求生活舒服他努力工作了。

He worked hard that he might live in comfort.(復句)

He worked hard for the purpose of living in comfort.(單句)

他夜里動身以免被人看見。

He started by night for fear he might be seen by any one.(復句)

He started by night to escape being seen by any one.(單句)

如果我能助你,我很高興。

I should be very glad if I could help you.(復句)

I should be very glad to be able to help you.(單句)

如果沒有了水,什么都不能生存。

If there were no water,nothing could live.(復句)

Without water,nothing could live.(單句)

他雖富有,但不滿足。

Though he is rich,he is never contented.(復句)

In spite of all his riches,he is never contented.(單句)

盡管他有很多的經驗,他仍然是無能。

Though he has much experience,he is still incompetent.(復句)

For all his experience,he is still incompetent.(單句)

?

那棟屋子和其緊鄰一樣高。

That house is as high as the next one.(復句)

The height of that house equals that of the next one.(單句)

?

地勢愈高,空氣愈冷。

The higher the ground,the cooler the air.(復句)

The air becomes cooler in proportion to the height of the ground.(單句)

?

他完全照著指示地做了。

He acted precisely as he was instructed.(復句)

He acted precisely according to instructions.(單句)

?

種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。

As you sow,so you will mow.(復句)

The harvest will depend upon the sowing.(單句)

?

吃完了飯,他們又出發了。

When they had finished their dinner,they started off again.(復句)

Having finished their dinner,they started off again.(單句)

?

她把一切都準備好,只等他回來。

She made everything ready before he arrived.(復句)

She made everything ready previous to his arrival.(單句)

?

我將留此,等他到來。

I shall stay here till he arrives.(復句)

I shall stay here till his arrival.(單句)

2. 由并列句改成單句

A. 用 Participle 的

太陽出來,霧就散了。

The sun rose and the fog dispersed.(并列句)

The sun having risen,the fog dispersed.(單句)

強盜一見警察就逃走了。

The robber saw the policeman and took to his heels.(并列句)

Seeing the policeman,the robber took to his heels.(單句)

B. 用 Preposition 的

他身體不好不能工作。

He was in bad health,and so he could not work.(并列句)

Owing to bad health,he could not work.(單句)

他不但允諾而且實行了。

He not only made a promise,but kept it.(并列句)

Besides making a promise,he kept it.(單句)

C. 用 Infinitive 的

我雖用了功,卻未考取。

I worked hard,but failed.(并列句)

I worked hard only to fail.(單句)

3. 由復句改成并列句

他雖窮,但很誠實。

He is honest,though poor.(復句)

He is poor,but honest.(并列句)

時間一到燈就熄了。

As soon as the clock struck the hour,the lights were put out.(復句)

The clock struck the hour,and the lights were put out at once.(并列句)

撳鈴即響。

If you press the button,the bell will ring.(復句)

Press the button,and the bell will ring.(并列句)

你要吵鬧,我就罰你。

Unless you keep quiet,I will punish you.(復句)

Keep quiet,or I will punish you.(并列句)

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