（7）語句的合成

讀過“語句的種類”之后，我們已經知道了語句可分為單句、復句和并列句三種。單句是語句的基礎，在任何一種句型中，至少都非包含一個單句不可。只有極短的句子，才是一個單句所構成的，稍長的句子，不問它是單句也好，復句也好，并列句也好，多半包含兩個以上的單句。所以兩個單句，可合成一個單句，也可合成一個復句，也可合成一個并列句。復句和并列句都得包含兩個分句，單句就只可有一個分句。在一個分句所構成的單句上，再加短語，并不影響句型，所以合拼兩個單句為一句的時候，有三種不同的方式。也可以說，因造句的方式不同，而發生三種不同的結果。茲分別舉例說明如下：

1. 兩個單句合成一個單句

把其中一個不大重要的單句，改為短語，附在另外一較為重要的單句上，便合成一個單句了，例如：

①	（You）turn to the right. You will find the post office on your left.

= Turning to the right，you will find the post office on your left.

（向右轉走去，你就會看見郵政局在你的左邊呢。）

②	He labours very hard. He is still poor.

= In spite of all his labours，he is still poor.（盡管他非常努力，他還是很窮。）

③	He has a large family. He must provide for them.

= He has a large family to provide for.（他有一個大家庭要贍養。）

2. 兩個單句合成一個復句

把其中一個不大重要的單句，改為從句（名詞從句、形容詞從句或副詞從句皆可），附在另外一個較為重要的單句上，便合成一個復句了，例如：

A. 用名詞從句的

①	He will come again. I am sure of it.

= I am sure that he will come again.（我確信他會再來。）

②	Will he come here again？ I asked him the question.

= I asked him if he will come here again.（我問他是不是還要再到這里來。）

③	I am going to a certain place. He does not know it.

= He does not know where I am going.（他不知道我要到什么地方去。）

B. 用形容詞從句的

①	The canary sings sweetly. I caught it in our garden.

= The canary which I caught in our garden sings sweetly.

（我在花園里捉來的那只金絲雀歌聲很美。）

②	This is the house. He lives in it.

= This is the house where he lives.（他就住在這所房子里。）

③	He had received a good education. This raised him above many men of his age.

= The good education that he had received，raised him above many men of his age.

（他受了很好的教育，所以使他比同年輩的人的地位都高。）

C. 用副詞從句的

①	He is very rich. He is never happy.

= Though he is very rich，he is never happy.（他雖則很有錢，但他從來不快樂。）

②	He is diligent. No other boy in the class is more diligent.

= He is more diligent than any other boy in the class.（他是同班中最勤勵的。）

③	The signal was given. Every one immediately raised a shout.

= Every one raised a shout as soon as the signal was given.

（信號一發，所有的人都大聲地喊出來。）

3. 兩個單句合成一個并列句

把兩個單句用連詞把它們結合起來，便成為一個并列句了，例如：

①	It was getting late. I will go home.

= It was getting late，and so I will go home.（時間很遲了，所以我要回家了。）

②	I did not go out. I stayed at home.

= I did not go out，but stayed at home.（我沒有出去，而留在家里。）

③	Energy is necessary to success in life. Patience is also necessary to it.

= Not only energy，but patience is also necessary to success in life.

（人生的成功，不僅需要精力，而且需要耐性。）