3.3　翻譯示例匯總

一、重譯法

例1：少用代詞，重復使用名詞

“Both contracting parties undertake jointly to adopt all necessary measures at their disposal for the purpose of preventing the resumption of aggression and violation of peace on the part of Japan or any other state which would collaborate with Japan directly or indirectly in act of aggression. In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediately render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.”

“締約國雙方保證共同盡力采取一切必要的措施，以期制止日本或其他直接或間接在侵略行為上與日本相勾結的任何國家之重新侵略與破壞和平。一旦締約國的一方受到日本或與日本同盟的任何國家之侵襲，因而處于戰爭狀態時，締約國的另一方即盡其全力給予軍事及其他援助。”

例2：重復賓語

(1) We have to analyse and solve problems.

我們要分析問題，解決問題。

(2) Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

我們來修改安全規則和衛生規則吧。

(3) Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.

民族的貴族傾向和民主傾向常在其言語中表現出來。

例3：省略部分重譯

(1) I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.

我已提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作。

(2) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

無知是恐懼的根源，也是敬佩的根源。

(3) The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law-in particular of the Geneva Convention.

使用原子武器顯然違反國際法，特別違反日內瓦公約。

(4) At that time many people could not read or write.

當時，許多人不會讀書，也不會寫字。

(5) 他們忘記了少數服從多數，下級服從上級，局部服從全體，全黨服從中央的民主集中制。

They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole, and the whole Party to the Central Committee.

(6) 但是我們還是有缺點的，而且還有很大的缺點。

But we still have defects, and very big ones.

例4：被定語從句修飾的名詞的重復

We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.

我們提倡和平共處的原則，這個原則目前在亞非各國越來越得人心了。

例5：傳達原文生動性

漢譯英

(1) 這種人鬧什么東西呢?鬧名譽，鬧地位，鬧出風頭。

What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figures.

(2) 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的難處。

A large family has its difficulties.

(3) 車轔轔，馬蕭蕭，行人弓箭各在腰。

Chariots rumble and roll; horses whinny and neigh. Footmen at their girdle bows and arrows display.

(4) 帝城春欲暮，喧喧車馬度。

In the Royal city spring is almost over;

Tinkle, tinkle—the coaches and horsemen pass.

(5) 白楊何蕭蕭，松柏夾廣路。

The white aspens, how they murmur, murmur;

Pines and cypresses flank the broad paths.

(6) 天蒼蒼，野茫茫，風吹草低見牛羊。

The sky is blue, blue;

And the steppe wide, wide;

Over grass that the wind has battered low;

Sheep and oxen roam.

(7) 尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候，最難將息。

Seek, seek; search, search;

Cold, cold; bare, bare;

(Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.)

Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,

How hard to calm the heart!

(8) 茫茫九派流中國，沉沉一線穿南北。

Wide, wide flow the nine streams through the land,

Dark, dark threads the line from south to north.

(9) 行行重行行，與君生別離。

On and on, always on and on,

Away from you, parted by a life-parting.

(10) 這幾件舊衣服和些舊家什，當的當了，賣的賣了。

Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.

(11) 勝也罷，敗也罷，我們要打到底。

Victory or defeat, we shall fight to the bitter end.

(12) 我們死也好，活也好，一定要忠于祖國。

Live or die, we shall be loyal to our motherland.

(13) 悲莫悲兮生別離，樂莫樂兮新相知。

Nothing is sadder than to part for ever;

Nothing is happier than to contract a new acquaintance.

(14) 一個個面面相覷，都軟倒了。

Each stared speechless at the other, and all fell feebly to the ground.

(15) 桃花謝了春紅，太匆匆。

The flowering trees have lost their spring hues, all too soon !

(16) 誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。

Who knows that every grain in the bowl

Is the fruit of so much pain and toil?

(17) 夜夜長留半被，待君夢魂歸來。

Night after night I ever keep for him the half of my quilt.

In expectation of his spirit coming back to me in a dream.

(18) 青青河邊草，郁郁園中柳。

Green grows the grass upon the bank,

The willow shoots are long and lank.

(19) 梯田漸漸稀，村舍遙遙對。

Ridges of fields grow few and far between,

While far away some cottages are seen.

(20) 舟遙遙以輕揚，風飄飄而吹衣。

Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.

(21) 春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。

In spring we sleep a sleep that knows no dawn,

And everywhere the songs of birds resound.

(22) 一個蚊子哼哼哼，兩個蒼蠅嗡嗡嗡。

A mosquito hums and hums,

Two flies drone and drone.

英譯漢

(1) Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace—but there is no peace.

先生們盡管可以高呼和平, 和平！但是依然沒有和平。

(2) If you didn’t succeed at first, try, try, try again.

起初不成功，可以一試再試。

(3) What we want, first and foremost, is to learn, to learn and to learn.

我們首先需要的是學習、學習、再學習。

(4) Scrooge went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over.

司克羅琪又上床去，左思右想，想個不休。

(5) Nels had it all written out neatly.

納爾斯把它寫得清清楚楚。

二、增譯法

(1) I am looking forward to the holidays.

我在等待假日的到來。

(2) Much of our morality is customary.

我們大部分的道德觀念都有習慣性。

(3) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.

勇敢過度，即成蠻勇；感情過度。即成溺愛；儉約過度，即成貪婪。

(4) Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.

讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數學使人周密，科學使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學使人善辯。(或：歷史使人聰明；詩人使人遐想；數學使人精細；格致使人深沉；倫理使人莊嚴；邏輯和修辭使人能夠爭論。)(后一種譯文雖然偏古并且有個別欠信之處，但與前一種譯文相比，幾乎有異曲同工之妙，在譯文中都使用了增譯法或重譯法，反復使用了“使人”這兩個字。)

(5) Reading makes a full man；conference a ready man；and writing an exact man.

讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人準確。

(6) We won’t retreat，we never have and never will.

我們不后退，我們從來沒有后退過，我們將來也決不后退。

(7) Paris all truth，Versailles all lies；and that lies vented through the mouth of Thiers.

巴黎全是真理，凡爾賽全是謊言，而這種謊言是從梯也爾嘴里發出的。

(8) The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one.  Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time.

我來北京的旅途是漫長的。用里程衡量，它是漫長的。用時間衡量，它也是漫長的。

(9) Last summer more than 3000 city welfare employees staged a “work-in” during which they showed up at the office but refused to process cases.

上一個夏天，3000多名城市福利救濟部門的雇員舉行了一次“到職罷工”活動，他們人到了辦公室，但拒絕審核要求救濟的申請。

(10) As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement.

作為一個東方人，我不得不為你們所取得的歷史性成就感到驕傲。

(11) I can imagine the almost insuperable obstacles to the unity of a billion-odd people.

我可以想象到要使l0億多人民團結起來將會遇到的幾乎不可克服的困難。

(12) Theory is something but practice is everything.

理論固然重要，實踐尤其重要。

(13) Henry Kissinger had slept there before，in July and again in October.

這之前，基辛格在7月和l0月兩度在那里下榻。

(14) Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

他們的主人，(又是)割啊，(又是)倒啊，(又是）布菜啊，(又是)切面包啊。(又是)談啊，(又是)笑啊，(又是)敬酒啊。忙個不停。

(15) 沒有調查就沒有發言權。

He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

(16) 沒有眼睛向下的興趣和決心，是一輩子也不會真正懂得中國的事情的。

Unless a person is interested in turning his eyes downward and is determined to do so, he will never in his life really understand things in China.

(17) 虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

(18) 跑了和尚跑不了廟。

The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run away with him.

(19) 吃飯防噎，走路防跌。

While eating, take heed that you do not choke；while walking, take heed that you do not fall.

(20) 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。

So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

(21) 送君千里，終有一別。

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles，yet must the parting come at last.

(22) 小不忍則亂大謀。

If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.

(23) 老同志應支持中青年干部的工作，擔負起傳、幫、帶的任務。

Old veteran cadres should support the young and middle-aged cadres in their work and take upon the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them.

(24) 我們在生產建設中不僅需要創造更多更好的物質產品，而且需要培育一代又一代的社會主義新人。

In production and construction，we should try not only to turn out more and better material products，but also train successive generations of socialist-minded people of a new type.

(25) 誰都知道朝鮮戰場是艱苦些。

Everyone knows that life on the Korean battle-field was rather hard.

(26) 三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

(27) 一個籬笆三個樁，一個好漢要有三個幫。

A fence needs the support of three stakes，an able fellow needs the help of three other people.

(28) 立黨為公，還是立黨為私，這是無產階級政黨和資產階級政黨的分水嶺，是真共產黨員和假共產黨員的試金石。

To build a party for the interests of the vast majority or for the interests of the minority? This is the watershed between proletarian and bourgeois parties and the touchstone for distinguishing true communists from sham.

(29) 交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方。這樣你才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation，you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

(30) 班門弄斧。

Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

(31) 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈。

The magistrates are free to bum down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (cf. One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

三、減譯法

(1) A book is useful.

書(是)有用(的)。

(2) The earth goes around the sun.

地球繞太陽轉。

(3) On Sundays we have no sch001.

禮拜天我們不上學。

(4) Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.

賓利先生風度翩翩，彬彬有禮。

(5) A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue。

聰明的人是不會娶有才無德的女子為妻的。

(6) If you write to him，the response would be absolute silence and void.

你寫信給他，總是石沉大海。

(7) Sunday is the day when I am least busy.

星期天我最不忙。

(8) Could you help me in any way?

你能幫幫我嗎?

(9) Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.

冬天是研究樹木生長的最好的季節，雖則樹葉落了，樹枝光了，但樹木本身卻是美麗的。

(10) He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.

他雙手插進口袋，然后聳了聳雙肩。

(11) Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.

不承認這個事實，就不是唯物主義者。

(12) These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.

這些發展中國家，土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。(或：這些發展中國家地大物博，人口眾多。)

(13) 我們要培養分析問題、解決問題的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.

(14) 要推遲戰爭的爆發，就要反對那樣的綏靖政策，不管是軍事的、政治的、經濟的綏靖，都要反對。

To delay the outbreak of war, it is necessary(or essential)to oppose the policy of appeasement like that, militarily，politically and economically.

(15) Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.

新中國處處可以看到新人、新事物。

(16) 他們為國家做的事，比我們所做的多得多。

They have done much more for the state than we have.

(17) 郭沫若同志曾說：“中國人民歷來是勇于探索、勇于創造、勇于革命的。”

Comrade Guo Moruo once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”

(18) 質子帶陽電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽電，也不帶陰電。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.

(19) When it is dark in the east，it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.

東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。

(20) It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.

說有飯大家吃并不完全正確。

(21) Eight O’clock found Franz up and dressed.

八點鐘，弗蘭茲起床穿衣。

(22) It is the US that is distorting and perverting the “Geneva spirit”.

是美國在歪曲顛倒“日內瓦精神”。

(23) If you give him an inch，he will take a mile.

得寸進尺。

(24) His speech to the Senate was as bald and brief as his address to the soldiers.

他在元老院的發言與對士兵的發言同樣單調而簡短。

四、詞類轉移法

(1) 語言這個東西不是隨便可以學好的，非下苦功不可。

【譯文】The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

【解析】這句話的英譯文應該說是忠實而地道的，但分析一下漢英文中的詞類，卻很少是對應的。原文中的詞類到了譯文中，差不多都發生了變化：“學好”是動詞，意思上相應的英文詞mastery是名詞；“隨便”是副詞，意思上相應的英文詞是作表語的easy，等等。假若譯文中的英文詞類、詞序都與漢語完全相同，不作任何改變，那么這就不成一句英文句子了。

(2) In those years the Republicans were in.

那些年是共和黨執政。(形容詞→動詞)

(3) The music is a gas.

這音樂妙極了。(名詞→形容詞)

(4) A week after his prelude to the President’s visit. China was in.

在他為總統出訪所作的序幕之行后一周，中國成了最時新的話題。(形→名)

(5) Saud was a frustrated man at that time.

沙特那時已受挫折。(形→動)

(6) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.

貿易的巨增給兩國帶來了益處。(動+副→形+名)

(7) Independent observers have commented favourably on the achievements you have made in this direction.

有獨立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面取得的成就給予了很好的評價。(動+副→動+形+名)

(8) Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them.

它們之間一直有著傳統的友好關系。 (副→形)

(9) Our age is witnessing a profound political change.

我們的時代是深刻的政治變化的見證。(動→名)

(10) We have known a similar past of humiliation and exploitation.

在過去，我們都同樣遭受到凌辱和剝削。(形→副)

(11) We are enemies of all wars，but above all of dynastic wars.

我們反對一切戰爭，特別是反對王朝戰爭。(系表結構+of→動)

(12) Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their rapprochement and cooperation.

各國社會制度不同，但不應妨礙彼此和睦與相互合作。(to be+名+介→動)

(13) His real mission in life was to contribute，in one way or another，to the overthrow of capitalist society.

他一生的真正使命是想辦法為推翻資本主義社會而作出貢獻。(名+of→動)

(14) No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.

難怪老一輩的許多人見了這個就會想到36年前的往事。(名+of短語→動賓結構)

(15) There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.

目前我國各地對各種消費品的需要量已大大增加。(形+名→副+動)

(16) We also realize the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy.

我們也認識到越來越需要使某些經濟部門實行工業化。(形+名→副+動)

(17) What kind of sailor are you?

【譯文】你暈不暈船?

【解析】be a bad sailor暈船；be a good sailor不暈船 (形+名→動)

(18) Parents’ love of children is perfect and minute.

父母愛子女無微不至。(名+介→動)

(19) Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way.

他們慢慢地沿著整個北冰洋岸航行，一路仔細觀察。(形+名→副+動)

(20) The cult of the individual is also a force of habit of millions and tens of millions.

個人崇拜也就是千百萬人的一種習慣勢力。(冠+名詞A+of+名詞B→形+名)

(21) A man of talent is usually honest and modest.

有本領的人往往老老實實。(介詞短語→形)

(22) On these issues，Stalin was subjective and one-sided.

斯大林在這些問題上，陷入了主觀性和片面性。(系表結構→動賓結構)

(23) 凡不孤立而占有十分鞏固陣地之敵都不好打。

It is inadvisable to fight when an enemy force is not isolated but well trenched. (定語→狀語)

(24) It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.

生于社會，不能脫離社會。(be+形+of→動)

(25) She was asked ten questions in the oral exam, and answered every one correctly.

口試時，問了她10個問題，她一一答對了。(主+被動語態→動賓結構)

(26) 林則徐認為，要成功地禁止鴉片買賣，就得首先把鴉片焚毀。

Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. (副+動→形+名；動→名)

(27) 徐悲鴻畫馬畫得特別好。

Xu Beihong’s drawings(paintings)of horses are exceptionally good. (動一名+of)

(28) The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of that superpower.

會上，代表們一致表示堅決地反對那個超級大國的霸權主義。(名一副)

(29) 這里就發生一個問題，你對發展重工業究竟是真想還是假想。想得厲害一點，還是差一點?

Here the question arises：Is your desire to develop heavy industry genuine or feigned，strong or weak? (副+動→形+名)

(30) 中國人民，百年以來，不屈不撓，再接再厲地英勇斗爭，使得帝國主義至今不能滅亡中國，也永遠不能滅

亡中國。

【譯文】Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years，imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.

【解析】此句中不但有詞類轉移現象，而且某些詞語在句中的成分或作用也有改變。

(31) “一定要少說空話。多做工作。”

“There must be less empty talk and more hard work. ” (副+動+賓→形+主)

(32) Thousands of Chinese overseas have asked to be permitted to return to China，but they have met with all sorts of unreasonable obstacles， which have prevented them from returning to their motherland.

成千上萬的中國僑民要求回國，但受到種種無理阻撓，以致不能回到祖國。(定→狀)

(33) 在20世紀50年代初期，美帝企圖征服朝鮮，從而進犯中國；但最后中朝軍民打敗了他們。

In the early l950s, the U. S. imperialists tried to conquer Korea and thereby to invade China, but were finally defeated by the army and people of Korea and China. (動賓結構→主謂結構)

(34) 斯大林驕傲了，不謹慎了，他的思想里產生了主觀主義，產生了片面性，對于某些重大問題作出了錯誤的決定，造成了嚴重的不良后果。

Stalin became conceited and imprudent. Subjectivism and one-sidedness developed in his thinking and he made erroneous decisions on certain important questions, which led to serious and harmful consequences. (狀→定)

(35) For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.

我們在20年內坐視原料價格下跌與工業品價格暴漲。(形+名→副+動)

(36) The victory of justice over arbitrary acts，of reason over decadence and blindness，of democracy over imperialism，of good over evil，our victory of 25 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history. And we shall be able to leave it to our heirs.

正義戰勝了專斷行為，理智戰勝了墮落和盲目，民主戰勝了帝國主義，善戰勝了惡，我們在10月25日取得的勝利將作為光輝篇章之一載人史冊，我們將把它傳于子孫后代。(名+介→動)

(37) It is incontestable that the advent of the People’s Republic of China was a principal event in the evolution of international relations following World WarⅡ.

中華人民共和國的成立無可置辯地是第二次世界大戰以后國際關系演變中的大事件。 (形→副)

(38) Your Australian guests are immensely impressed by the Splendour and warmth of our reception at the airport, along the boulevard and in the Great Hall of the People.

你們的澳大利亞客人對于你們在機場、在街道、在現在的人民大會堂所給予我們盛大的、熱情的接待，非常感謝。(名→形)

(39) These qualities constitute a great attraction to any peace-loving country which believes in world peace and international friendship, cooperation and understanding.

僅就這些品質而言，它們就強烈地吸引著愛好和平并對世界和平與國際友誼、合作和了解抱有信念的任何國家。

(40) Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.

讀遍了關于美國為擺脫英國統治爭取獨立而進行革命的堂皇紀事，也不容易知道第一個為美國獨立而犧牲的原來是黑人。(介→動)

五、詞序調整法

例1：短語翻譯

(1) Miss Fang方小姐

(2) Mr. Stevenson史蒂文森先生

(3) Room 911 911房間

(4) Page l5 第15頁

(5) April l7th, 2003 2003年4月17日

(6) The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中國共產黨中央委員會

(7) tough. minded意志堅強的

(8) heart-warming暖人心的

(9) well-conducted行為端正的

(10) ill-tempered脾氣不好的

(11) East China華東

(12) northeast東北

(13) southwest西南

(14) north, south, east and west東西南北

(15) Mr. Zhang, Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部禮賓司張先生

(16) Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade, The Sixth Division. Pakistan Army巴基斯坦陸軍第六師第一旅穆罕默德·汗少將。

(17) (The tea-party was given by)Mr. Smith，senior correspondent of The Times，London.

(這個茶會是由)倫敦《泰晤士報》的高級記者史密斯先生(舉行的。)

(18) every student of the class班上每一個學生(不能譯成“每個學生的班”或“每個班上的學生”)

(19) all Party resolutions黨的一切決議(絕對不能譯成：一切黨的決議)

例2：句子翻譯

(1) They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their sides.

他們都是那些拋妻別子、身帶大刀進入深山的好漢們的后代。

(2) Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin.

大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰噴射，周圍是一片廢墟，這些都有記載。

(3) He came yesterday.

他昨天來的(或：昨天他來了)。

(4) He drinks half a bottle of beer with each of his meals.

每餐他都要喝半瓶啤酒。

(5) He is not happy, though he is rich.

他雖富有，但不幸福。

(6) Will you kindly express through your column my keen appreciation of the action of the British Government in effecting my release from the Chinese Legation?

本人(指孫中山—編者)承蒙貴國政府之援助，得自中國公使館獲釋，擬借貴報一角，敬伸感激之情，不知可邀俞允否?

(7) “What does Mr. Darcy mean, ”said she to Charlotte, “by listening to my conversation with Colonel Forster?”

“戴錫先生聽我跟福斯塔上校談話，”她對查樂蒂說，“這究竟是什么意思？”

(8) The ladies encouraged the combatants not only by clapping their hands and waving their veils and kerchiefs，but even by exclaiming “Brave lance! Good sword!” when any successful thrust or blow took place under their observation.

貴婦們看見刺中或打中時，不只是鼓掌，揮動頭紗和手帕，甚至高聲喊叫：“好槍法！好刀法！”這樣地來鼓舞比武的英雄。

(9) Draw, if you be man, Gregory, remember thy smashing blow.

是漢子就拔出劍來,葛雷古利,別忘了你的殺手锏。

(10) The day was just breaking when we were about to start; as I sat thinking of her, came struggling up the coach side, through the mingled day and night Uriah’s head.

天將破曉，我們就要動身了，我坐在車上正想著她，忽然當晝夜混沌未分之際，從馬車的旁邊鉆進尤莉亞的頭來。(仍有詞序調整)

(11) There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.

我們訪問了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要談起來，奇妙的事可多著呢。

(12) We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.

我們上星期天在她家盡情地吃了一頓。

(13) Professor Tong is working with two of his new assistants in the laboratory at the moment.

童教授正在實驗室和他的兩個新助手一道工作。

(14) Never have we seen so bright a future before us!

我們從來都沒看見過這樣光明的前途。

(15) It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.

我原打算在今年一月訪問中國，后來又不得不予以推遲，這使得我深感失望。

(16) I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your

Government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit, so quickly.

由于貴國政府的提議，才得以這樣快地重新實現訪問，這使我感到特別高興。

(17) 只有聽黨中央指揮，調動一切積極因素，中國人民才能全面建設小康社會。

Only by following the instructions of the Party Central Committee, and mobilizing all positive factors, can Chinese people build a well-off society in an all-round way.

(18) 這所大學現有計算機科學、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遙感技術、遺傳工程六個專業。

This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.

六、正說反譯，反說正譯法

例1：

(1) I don’t think Tom is correct.

【譯文】我認為湯姆不對。

【解析】不譯成：我不認為湯姆是對的。

(2) 我想小李明天不會來了。

【譯文】I don’t think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.

【解析】不譯成：I think Xiao Li won’t come tomorrow.

(3) A：Are you not going tomorrow?

B：No，I'm not going.

甲：你明天不去嗎?

乙：是的，我不去。

(4) ①Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism ②in order to invite other new masters.

【譯文】①非洲踢出西方帝國主義②并不是為了請進其他新的主子。

【解析】假如不運用“正說反譯，反說正譯”這一技巧，譯文就會成為：“非洲不踢出西方帝國主義為了請進其他新的主子。”其義則大相徑庭。

(5) The world today is far from peaceful.

【譯文】今天的世界還很不安寧。

【解析】far from是一個形式上肯定而含否定意義的短語或詞組，所以要“正說反譯”。

(6) 我們的人民解放軍無愧于偉大的人民軍隊的稱號。

Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.

(7) 他盡力克服技術資料的不足。

He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data.

(8) 窗戶打不開。

The window refuses to open.

(9) 昨天他沒準時到校。

Yesterday he failed to get to school on time.

(10) 他們不準小孩入內。

They excluded children(from)getting in.

(11) 那座大樓處于無人管理的狀態。

That building is in a state of neglect.

(12) 他常常心不在焉。

He’s often absent. minded.

(13) 干這事我力不勝任。

To do this is beyond my ability.

(14) 雷鋒的高尚行為是贊揚不盡的。

Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.

(15) 該做這工作的是我，而不是你。

I, rather than you, should do the work.

(16) 事實真相同你想的完全不同。

The truth is quite other than what you think.

(17) She refrained from laughing.

她忍住了，沒有發笑。

(18) She was refused admittance by them.

他們不許她進去。

(19) An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.

良機難再。

(20) 不辜負全國人民和全世界人民對我們的期望。

Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.

(21) 工作沒有經驗，出點差錯，在所難免。

Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work.

(22) 任何事物都有兩點，說只有一點叫知其一不知其二。

There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other.

(23) 在技術方面，我看大部分首先要照辦，因為那些我們現在還沒有。還不懂。學了比較有利。

In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most cases, and it is better for us to do so, since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about.

(24) 會議開得冷冷清清，有時甚至開不下去了。

The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.

(25) 使用按鍵，勿用力過猛。

Avoid operating the keys roughly.

(26) 科學家們在會上莊嚴地保證說：“我們決不辜負黨對我們的期望。”

The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We'll forever live up to what our Party expects of US. ”

(27) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.

證據確鑿，毋庸置疑。

(28) 那里的縣委不了解下情。

The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels.

(29) 那家伙很不老實。

That fellow is far from being honest.

(30) 那城市及其周圍的地方是不凍港和無核區。

That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear- weapon-free zone.

(31) 欒平呆立著，回答不出楊子榮的一系列問題。

Luan Ping stood still, trying vainly(in vain)to answer the battery of questions Yang Zirong raised.

(32) Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country.

懷特先生并沒有對該國的政變發表正式評論。

(33) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination(or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination. )

那件事沒有減弱我們的決心，反倒增強了我們的決心。

(34) But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.

沒有工人們的幫助，我們這個實驗便不會成功。

(35) All that glitters is not gold. (or: All is not gold that glitters. )

閃閃發光者，未必皆黃金(或：發光的并不都是金子)。

(36) “All is not lost.”一John Milton

(約翰·密爾頓說過：)并非全失。

(37) George Bernard Shaw once said：“All criminals are not murderers.”

喬治·蕭伯納曾說：“罪犯并非全是殺人犯。”

(38) But all men are not born to reign.

并非人人生來就都是作帝王的。

(39) All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.

外語院校的畢業生并非人人被分配去做翻譯工作。

(40) All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.

吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠實朋友。

(41) Both children are not clever.

并非兩個孩子都聰明。

例2：非正規英語的雙重否定

(1) We never thought of nothing wrong.

我們從來沒想到有什么錯誤。

(2) They would not eat themselves, and would not let others neither.

【譯文】他們自己不吃(東西)，也不讓別人吃(東西)。

【解析】在標準英語中，neither應改成either。

七、分譯法

(一) 單詞分譯：

例1：單詞詞義分譯

...that little pink-faced chit Amelia with not half any sense, has ten thousand pounds and an establishment secure, …

……愛米麗亞那粉紅臉兒的小不點兒，還沒有我一半懂事，倒有一萬鎊財產，住宅家具奴仆一應俱全……

例2：單詞搭配分譯

(1) ...she treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect….

……她對那位夫人不冷不熱，不錯規矩……

(2) …She had such a kindly，smiling，tender，gentle，generous heart of her own,…

【譯文】……她心地厚道，性格溫柔可疼，器量又大。為人又樂觀……

【解析】heart一詞被分譯成“心地”、“性格”、“器量”和“為人”四個詞，再與它前面的五個形容詞搭配。

例3：靈活對等分譯

Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself. . .

【譯文】我們的小朋友一腦袋幻想，憧憬著美麗的將來……

【解析】如果逐字譯成“我們的浪漫的小朋友憧憬著未來……”并不能算錯，但意思卻不甚明了，因為 “浪漫”一詞在漢語中的含義較多。此處為“想人非非”，所以拆譯成“一腦袋幻想”較為明確，既突出了人物性格，又避免了翻譯腔。

例4：突出語言重點

…there was in the old library at Queen’s Crawley a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century，both in the French and English languages…

……在女王的克勞萊大廈的書房里，有不少18世紀的文學作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些輕松的讀物……

例5：修辭需要詞語分譯

(1) And in their further disputes she always returned to this point, “Get me a situation—we hate each other。and I am ready to go. ”

【譯文】從此以后他們每拌一次嘴，她就回到老題目，說道：“給我找個事情，反正咱們你恨我我嫌你，我愿意走。”

【解析】一個hate分譯成“恨”與“嫌”兩個字，使得譯筆生動，讀者似乎如見其人，如聞其聲。

(2) Not that the parting speech caused Amelia to philosophize, or that it aimed her in any way with a calmness, the result of argument,…

【譯文】倒并不是(平克頓小姐的)臨別贈言使愛米麗亞想得通丟得開，因此心平氣和，鎮靜下來……

【解析】此處將“philosophize”分譯作“想得通”、“丟得開”，將“calmness”分譯作“心平氣和”、“鎮靜下來”，說明譯者真正吃透了原文，擺脫了字典釋義的束縛，使用恰當的譯文語言再現了原文的特色，并做到了結構勻稱，聲調和諧，保持了原文的神韻與豐姿。

（二）句子分譯

例1：含定語從句的句子

(1) “Well. there’s never anything happened in my family I’m ashamed of.”

【譯文】“嘿，我家可從來沒出現過見不得人的事。”

【解析】譯成前置定語。

(2) I am going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her.

【譯文】我去看病在床上的祖母，給她帶些奶油、雞蛋和媽媽剛剛烤好的蛋糕。

(3) Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.

【譯文】伊麗莎白不肯再和這樣一個女人說話，這個女人現在異常無禮，十分令人反感。

【解析】定語從句譯成另外一句。

(4) It’s in line with the Charter, which recognizes the value of regional efforts to solve problems and settle disputes.

【譯文】它符合憲章精神，因為憲章承認由地區進行排難解紛的作用。

【解析】定語從句譯成狀語從句。

(5) …so my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countries of Socialism.

【譯文】因此，我到革命的中國來的希望相當小了，雖然我并沒有放棄努力來爭取一張護照，以便訪問社會主義國家。

【解析】定語從句譯成狀語。

(6) They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.

【譯文】他們企圖撲滅反抗，結果反抗愈來愈猛，遍及全國。

【解析】從句譯成狀語

(7) In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.

【譯文】當兩國發生爭端時，如與兩國都友好，第三國則力避卷入。

【解析】定位從句譯成狀語

(8) However great the joy with which he welcomed a new discovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps it was as yet quite impossible to envisage, he experienced quite another kind of joy when the discovery involved immediate revolutionary changes in industry, and in historical development in general.

【譯文】任何一門理論科學中的每一個新發現，即使它的實際應用甚至還無法預見，都使他(馬克思)感到由衷地喜悅，但是當有了立即會對工業、對一般歷史發展產生革命影響的發現的時候，他的喜悅就完全不同了。

【解析】定語從句仍譯為狀語

(9) The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.

【譯文】廚子的臉發起白來，要使喚丫頭把門關上，丫頭叫布立特爾去，布立特爾叫補鍋匠去，補鍋匠卻裝著沒有聽見。

【解析】這個長句中有三個定語從句，如果不這樣分成幾個等立分句來譯，那么譯出來的句子不一定會讓人看得懂。把這一長句分成五個分句，意思既明確又忠實于原文。

(10) He dropped the mattress against the rough wooden fence which had replaced the iron bars taken up for war efforts，and wiped his brow.

【譯文】他把褥墊扔下，靠著木欄柵(原來是鐵欄桿，為了支援戰爭而換成木頭的了)，擦了擦額頭。

【解析】有時候，同一句中的定語從句前后兩個動作緊接發生，為了使這兩個動作仍顯得緊湊，翻譯時可將原文中定語從句的譯文置于括號中。

(11) It(The People’s Republic of China)must be created by the blood and the work of all of US who believe in the future，who believe in man and his glorious man-made destiny.

【譯文】偉大的中華人民共和國必須用我們大家的鮮血和工作來締造。我們這些人相信未來，相信人們，相信人們能夠掌握自己的命運—光輝燦爛的命運。

【解析】同位語從句譯成了單獨的句子。

(12) But as the song surged up in increasing loudness, even the most timid lost their fear and joined in, and all the things that King had said at the meeting in the ball-room, things that they hadn’t believed or had only half-believed, became suddenly and powerfully true.

【譯文】但是當歌聲越來越響的時候，連那些最膽小的人也沒有什么恐懼了，他們也跟著唱起來，金在舞廳里開會時所說的一切，那些他們曾經不相信或半信半疑的話，忽然很有力地變成是真的了。

【解析】此句的定語從句譯成一般的前置定語，整個的譯文能按原文順序譯出來而又忠實、清楚，當然就不必采取別的分譯方法了。

(13) He had a set of little tools and saws of various sizes manufactured by himself. With the aid of these, Issac contrived to make many curious articles, at which he worked with so much skill, that he seemed to have been born with a saw or chisel in his hand.

【譯文】艾薩克有一套自制的小工具和各種尺寸的鋸子。由于這些工具，加之手很巧，他造出許多罕見的東西，好像他天生就會用鋸子或鑿子似的。

【解析】分譯這兩句較長的英文句子時，要重新安排詞序，譯成若干短句。

(14) They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.

【譯文】他往常做禮拜的時候，總坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他們發現他不坐老位置了。

【解析】此句使用了逆序分譯法，較好地傳達了原文的意思。

(15) He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.

【譯文】他訪問了許多地方，到處受到熱情的歡迎。他的艱苦努力是經常受到熱烈歡迎的。

【解析】此句原文中有兩個定語從句，將這樣一個英文長句分譯成兩個獨立的句子，意思

顯得很清楚。

(16) Intellectually emancipated at a time when women of good family were not encouraged to do anything more ambitious than dabble in the arts, she became the editor of a review entitled Correspondence des Families in which she was bold enough to publish essays by the revolutionary socialist Jules Valles.

【譯文】當時，有教養的人家對于女子至多不過讓她們對藝術稍有涉獵，并不鼓勵她們去做比此更有抱負的事情。但她不受舊思想的約束，擔任了一家名叫《家庭通訊》雜志的編輯。她在這個刊物上大膽地發表了革命社會主義者朱爾·瓦萊斯的文章。

【解析】一個英語長句譯成三句漢語。

(17) Distant thunder greeted this scheme, from the south Pacific, where de Gaulle on his travels sent orders to prepare proposals.

【譯文】當時遠在南太平洋地區旅行的戴高樂聽到這個計劃，大發雷霆，下令提出新的方案。

【解析】打散原文的結構，重新組合譯文把譯文分成幾小部分，讀來流暢順口。

(18) Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma about him, except in the minds of lesser men who found it hard to conceive such tenacity of purpose.

【譯文】關于他的謎，也許根本就不存在。所謂謎者，只是那些不及他的人對他那樣堅韌不拔的意志感到不可思議而已。

【解析】一句譯成兩句。

例2：其他長句的某些翻譯規則

(1) Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.

【譯文】于是，就出現了這樣的情況，正當新辦的工廠紛紛成立、需要勞動力的時候，成千上萬無家可歸、饑腸轆轆的從事農業的勞動者，攜妻帶兒，被迫流入城市；他們要找活干，不管什么活兒，不講什么條件，只要不讓他們餓死就行。

【解析】這段譯文把原作者的邏輯推理表達得一清二楚：新工廠要求廉價勞動力并容易得到，是因大批農民破產，流往城市，急于找到工作。

(2) It had been anticipated that results would now begin to show an increase in living standards in Russia. Instead，the necessity to greatly increase the direct expenditure on armaments and still further raise the already high percentage of the national income devoted to defense means a further postponement of reward to the ordinary workers and consumers as a consequence of the great industrial effort since war.

【譯文】原來預料俄國的生活水平現在會因此而提高。可是不然，直接的軍費需要大大增加，在國民收入中已占很大比例的國防費用還需要更加提高。這也就是說，由于戰后工業方面的巨大努力，普通工人和消費者可得到好處的時間，又要推遲了。

(3) The Prime Minister added, “we are now once again regarded by other states as a power whose judgment can be trusted and whose promises can be relied on.”

【譯文】首相說：“我們這個大國的判斷是可以相信的，我們這個大國的諾言是可以信賴的；現在其他國家又把我們當作這樣的大國了。”

(4) A report of the proposed compromise plan came from a reliable source only a few hours after the president’s special envoy, Mr. X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsmen “A solution is in sight. ”

【譯文】關于折中方案的消息是一位可靠人士傳出來的。在這個消息傳出之前不過幾小時，總統的特使某先生在與埃及外長進行第五次秘密會談之后，曾對記者說“解決方案現已在望”。

(5) This suggestion was made today by the influential New York Times which predicted a ‘change of topic’ at the forthcoming meeting，with emphasis shifting from armament limitation to human rights…

【譯文】這個建議是有影響的《紐約時報》今天提出來的。該報預言，即將舉行的會議，“議題會有改變”，側重點會由武器限制問題轉到人權問題……

(6) “The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human being in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners.

【譯文】美國的南北戰爭歷時四年之久，奪去了至少一百萬軍民的生命，是在新大陸(新世界)進過的規模最大的一次戰爭，這次戰爭以革命的方式使種植園主認識到：在美國，再也不為了寄生的土地所有者的利益而把人任意買賣、任意驅使、任意殺害了。

（三）典型長句英漢對照

例：

(1) I wish either my father or my mother, or indeed both of them, as they, were in duty both equally bound to it, had minded what they were about when they begot me；had they duly considered how much depended upon what they were then doing：-that not only the production of a rational being was concerned in it, but that possibly the happy formation and temperature of his body, perhaps his genius and the very cast of his mind;—and, for aught they knew to the contrary, even the fortunes of his whole house might take their turn from the humours and dispositions which were then uppermost;—had they duly weighed and considered all this, and proceeded accordingly, I am verily persuaded I should have made a quite different figure in the world, from that in which the reader is likely to see me.

【譯文】我希望我的父親或是我的母親，不，我的雙親，因為他們兩人同樣地對此都有義務，當他們生我的時候，曾注意到他們所做的事；如果他們適當地想過，他們當時所做的事，是有何等大的影響；那不單是產生一個有理性的人，而且身體適合的形成和要素的配合，也許他的天賦及其心靈的典型都產生出來；而由于那時他們最強烈的性情和意向，恐怕要甚至改變他們全家的命運；如果他們適當地仔細考慮過這一切，因而照著進行的話，我確信我早成為與讀者諸君此后可能見到的我，完全兩樣的一個人物了吧。(—錢歌川《翻譯的基本知識》)

(2) The rest is all a more or less incoherent dream of Miss Lavinia, who acts as a semiauxiliary bridesmaid, being the first to cry, and of her doing homage (as I take it) to the memory of Pidger, in sobs; of Miss Clarissa applying a smelling-bottle; of Agnes taking care of Dora; of my aunt endeavouring to represent herself as a model of sternness, with tears rolling down her face; of little Dora trembling very much, and making her responses in faint whispers.

【譯文】其余的情況，只是一場或多或少不相連屬的大夢。萊薇妮亞小姐怎樣好像是半個助理伴娘，怎樣頭一個哭起來；她怎樣對于故去的皮治先生唏噓致敬(這是我的想法)；珂蘿莉莎小姐怎樣拿出聞藥來聞；愛格尼怎樣照顧朵蘿；我姨婆怎樣表面上裝作是鐵石心腸的模范，眼淚卻止不住從臉上滾滾往下直流；朵蘿怎樣渾身抖得厲害，應答的時候，怎樣有氣無力、聲音低微：所有這種情況，對于我，也只是一場大夢。(—張谷若譯)

(3) And load up the cabin with rats and snakes and so on, for company for Jim; and then you kept Tom here so long with the butter in his hat that you come near spoiling the whole business, because the men come before we was out of the cabin, and we had to rush, and they heard us and let drive at us, and I got my share, and we dodged out of the path and let them go by, and when the dogs come they weren't interested in us, but went for the most noise, and we got our canoe, and made for the raft, and was all safe, and Jim was a free man, and we done it all by ourselves, and wasn't it bully, Aunty!

【譯文】還在小屋里裝滿了老鼠、長蟲，等等，為的是給吉木做伴。到后來你把湯姆留在這兒那么老半天，他帽子里那塊黃油化了，差一點兒把整個這件事情弄糟了，因為那些人沒等我們由小屋里爬出來就來到了，因此我們不得不拼命地往前沖，他們聽見我們的響聲，就對著我們開槍，于是就挨了這一下，可是我們馬上閃到一旁，把他們都讓過去，那些狗趕到我們跟前，對我們并不感覺興趣，光知道對著那頂熱鬧的地方跑，我們就找著我們的小船，朝著我們的木筏劃去，我們都平安無事，吉木有了自由，決不再當奴隸。這些事從頭到尾都是我們自己干的，姨媽，這不是棒極了嗎!(—張萬里譯)

(4) Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch from the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must,  therefore, be explained，instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.

【譯文】正像達爾文發現有機界的發展規律一樣，馬克思發現了人類歷史的發展規律，即歷來為繁茂蕪雜的意識形態所掩蓋著的一個簡單事實：人們首先必須吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能從事政治、科學、藝術、宗教等等；所以，直接的物質生活資料的生產，因而一個民族或一個時代的一定的經濟發展階段，便構成為基礎。人們的國家制度、法的觀點、藝術以至宗教觀念，就是從這個基礎上發展起來的，因而，也必須由這個基礎來解釋，而不是像過去那樣做得相反。(《在馬克思墓前的講話》)

（四）漢語長句英譯的分譯

例1：

(1) 這些國家的共產黨和進步黨派，正促使它們的政府和我們做生意，以至建立外交關系，這是善意的，這就是援助。

【譯文】The Communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with US. This is goodwill. This is help.

【解析】如果長句以一表示判斷或小結的從句結尾，可使用分譯法。

(2) 蔣介石說，中國過去沒有內戰，只有剿匪；不管叫什么吧，總之要發動反人民的內戰。

【譯文】Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war” in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.

【解析】如果漢語句子較長，其中有語氣或話題的轉折，為了使英譯文明確，可進行分譯。

(3) ① 不和中國的人民民主專政的當局好好地打交道，卻要干這些混賬工作，而且公開地發表出來，丟臉!丟臉。

【譯文】Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and, what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!

② 蔣介石說要建國，今后就是建什么國的斗爭，是建立一個無產階級領導的人民大眾的新民主主義國家呢，還是建立一個大地主大資產階級專政的半殖民地半封建的國家呢?

【譯文】Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?

【解析】如果漢語長句中含有反問句(或反詰句)或感嘆號，英譯時通常要分譯。

(4) 這一點現在就必須向黨內講明白，務必使同志們繼續地保持謙虛、謹慎、不驕、不躁的作風，務必使同志們繼續地保持艱苦奮斗的作風。

【譯文】This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest，prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.

【解析】如果漢語長句中含有從一般到具體或從具體到一般的過渡，英譯時應分譯。

(5) 我軍的現代化，就是要有一支強大的陸軍空軍海軍，要有現代化的武器裝備，包括導彈和核武器，要嚴格訓練，要按實戰要求苦練過硬的殺敵本領，熟練掌握使用現代化武器裝備的新技術，以及隨之而來的新戰術。

【譯文】Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground，air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment，including guided missiles and nuclear weapons；it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat；it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.

【解析】如果漢語長句中含有幾個平行的子句，各講一個方面的內容，英譯時最好分譯。

八、語態變換法

例1:

(1) The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we must get well prepared for it.

即將舉行的物理考試據說相當困難，所以我們必須做好充分準備。

(2) If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.

如果預計天氣惡劣，天氣預報人員必須能夠在該飛機航程內提出另一個天氣適合著陸的機場。

(3) How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures?

一組不動的即靜止的圖片是怎樣在銀幕上連到一起合成電影的呢?

(4) Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen.

像現在用于宇宙研究的這類液態燃料火箭，必須自己攜帶氧氣。

(5) How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums?

還要過多久黑白電視機才會被送進博物館呢?

(6) The oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.

全世界的石油將會用盡，人們將使用從原子分裂獲得的這種更為方便的動力。

(7) In order to do research in nuclear physics，the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course.

為了能進行核物理方面的研究，要求這些青年教師讀完兩年研究生課程。

(8) A national link. up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system.

把全國的電腦連接起來意味著可以向任何使用該系統的人提供大量信息。

(9) Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.

自從第一顆原子彈試驗以來，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。

(10) Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic.

有一個叫古德伊爾的美國人一直在努力尋找一種方法把橡膠做得硬而不粘，但是卻有彈性。

(11) There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.

有幾種放射性同位素是通過中子轟擊原子核而產生出來的。

(12) The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.

在建造一座金屬大橋前，對金屬受熱膨脹這一現象必須加以考慮。

(13) This nuclear power plant which is completely automated and computer-controlled serves the entire city.

這個全部自動化和電腦控制的核電廠供應全市的用電。

(14) At present, a large computer is needed for the control of the robot, but the action is slow，each decision requiring a great deal of computation.

當前，還需要用一臺大型電腦控制機器人，但是動作很慢，要作出一個決定就得進行大量的計算。

(15) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.

萊特兄弟因為進行了世界上第一次飛行而受到了高度贊揚。

(16) The engineer has a knowledge of mathematical and natural science acquired by study, experience and practice which is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

工程師通過學習、經驗和實踐獲得數學和自然科學的知識，并有鑒別地運用這些知識研究出一些途徑來經濟地使用自然界的材料和自然力，為人類造福。

(17) Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.

有關原子能電站反應堆的復雜性已經談得很多了。

(18) The time will come when homes will be heated from a small reactor in the basement.

有朝一日家庭將由安裝在地下室里的小反應堆供熱。

(19) If you subject this precision instrument to a high temperature. it will be seriously damaged.

如果你把這臺精密儀器置于高溫之下，儀器將會受到嚴重損壞。

(20) This level is somewhere between that created by very heavy street traffic and that caused by the arrival of an underground train in a station.

這個聲壓級大約介于交通極為繁忙的街道上的噪聲和地鐵到站時所引起的噪音之間。

(21) Other equipment has been devised which analyses noise into the various frequencies of the sounds of which it is made up and records the loudness at the different frequencies.

還設計了另外一些設備，能將噪音分解成構成該噪音的各種不同的音響頻率，并能記錄不同頻率的音量。

(22) High voltage current is usually carried by overheadwire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.

高壓電通常要用架空線傳輸以防生物觸電。

(23) Here is a dear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.

這里有一個科學和技術革命影響人類歷史進程的明顯例子。

(24) If the chain reaction went on without being checked. it could cause a great explosion.

如果連鎖反應不受控制，一直進行下去，就會引起一場大爆炸。

(25) With the help of a microscope you can watch the integrated circuits being separated and tested.

利用一架顯微鏡，你可以看到集成電路正在被分離和被測試的情況。

(26) The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint.

船舶的外殼通常涂以一層特殊的漆以抗腐蝕。

(27) The radioactive material should be kept safely to protect the surrounding areas from being polluted by radiation.

放射性材料應該安全儲藏，以保護周圍環境不受輻射污染。

例2：常用被動句型的漢語習慣譯法

It is hoped that…希望……

It is reported that…據報道……

It is said that…據說……

It is supposed that…據推測……

It must be admitted that… 必須承認……

It must be pointed out that… 必須指出……

It is asserted that…有人主張……

It is believed that…有人相信……

It is well known that…眾所周知……

It will be said that…人們會說……

It was told that…人們曾說……

1 was told that…我聽說……