- 英語專業四級新題型解題技巧與實戰模擬
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- 2019-12-13 18:54:58
語言知識部分
一、題型簡介
本部分是多項選擇題,共20道題,每題有四個選擇項。題目中約50%為詞匯、詞組和短語用法題,其余為語法和句法題。本部分主要測試考生掌握詞匯、短語及基本語法、句法概念的熟練程度。
二、大綱分析
根據新的《英語專業四級考試大綱》,此部分由原來的“語法與詞匯”改為“語言知識”,題目數量由原來的30題改為20題,分值從原來的15分調整為20分,考試時間由原來的15分鐘調整為10分鐘,考查的知識點基本保持一致。雖然每道題預設完成的時間與之前相當,但每道題的分值從以前的0.5分增加到1分,分值比重的調整無疑壓縮了考生犯錯的空間,無形中增加了考生的心理壓力,增加了考試的難度。
三、解題技巧
下表為英語專業四級考試(2010——2017)真題語法部分知識點分布情況:


(一)近五年來幾乎每年都會考查主謂一致:
1.The audience_____excited on seeing_____favorite star glide onto the stage.(2016年第18題)
A.were...their
B.were...its
C.was...their
D.was...one’s
答案:A
本題考查集體名詞(collective noun)。通常作復數的集體名詞有:police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin;通常作不可數名詞的集體名詞有:foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise;既可作單數又可作復數的集體名詞有:audience,committee,crew,public,family等,若集體名詞強調整體,動詞用單數,若集體名詞強調組成集體的成員,則動詞用復數。此處強調每一個觀眾都欣喜若狂,動詞用were,代詞用their,故選A。
2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?(2015年第53題)
A.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.
B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.
C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.
D.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.
答案:A
B選項ten dollars被看作一個整體,動詞用單數;C選項either...or...遵循就近原則,brother后用單數;D選項,在one out of+復數名詞或者one in+復數名詞的結構中,正式語體動詞用單數,非正式語體可遵循就近原則用復數,此處是看作非正式語體;A選項fve miles應看作整體概念,謂語動詞應為單數seems,故選A。
3.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2014年第54題)
A.Physics is an important school subject.
B.The United States borders Canada.
C.The Niagara Falls is in North America.
D.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
答案:C
本題四個選項均為以-s結尾的名詞。A選項,以-ics結尾的學科名稱如physics,optics,mathematics,linguistics等通常用單數;B選項,以-s結尾的國名如United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands等通常用單數;D選項,以-s結尾的疾病名稱如mumps,arthritis,diabetes等通常用單數;C選項,以-s結尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱用復數,此處為尼亞加拉大瀑布,動詞應為復數,故選C。
(二)近年來英語專業四級考試主要考查雙重所有格的用法和名詞屬格的關系:
4.I can’t put up with_____.(2016年第15題)
A.that friend of you
B.that friend of yours
C.the friend of you
D.the friend of yours
答案:B
本題考查雙重所有格,帶有獨立屬格的of-詞組叫做雙重所有格,其中獨立屬格在of-詞組中作介詞補足語。只有yours名詞性物主代詞可以作獨立屬格,you人稱代詞不可作獨立屬格,故排除A和C選項。雙重屬格所修飾的名詞可帶a,any,some等表示非確定特指的限定詞,但不帶定冠詞the,故排除D。雙重屬格修飾的名詞還可以和this,that等指示限定詞連用,表示愛憎褒貶等感情色彩,題干“我真的無法忍受你的那個朋友”含有不滿的情緒,故選B。
5.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?(2014年第57題)
A.He was readingMary’s letter in the room.
B.You can buymen’s shoes in this shop.
C.Mrs.Blake’s passport was lost.
D.The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.
答案:D
A選項“瑪麗的來信”表示來源,等同于a letter from Mary;B選項“男士皮鞋”表示類別,等同于shoes for men;C選項“布萊克夫人的護照”是所有關系;D選項“敵軍的戰敗”,等于to defeat the enemy,是動賓關系,故選D。
6.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?(2013年第60題)
A.The arrival of the tourists.
B.The law of Newton.
C.The occupation of the island.
D.The plays of Oscar Wilde.
答案:A
B選項“牛頓定律”表示來源,相當于the law developed by Newton;C選項“占領島嶼”表示動賓關系,相當于to occupy the island;D選項“王爾德的戲劇”表示來源,相當于theplays written by Oscar Wilde;A選項“游客們的到來”表示主謂關系,相當于the tourists arrive,故選A。
(三)近年來英語專業四級考試主要考查限定詞與名詞的搭配關系,以及限定詞的順序問題:
限定詞與名詞的搭配關系詳見下表:

限定詞順序表:

7.Which of the following is INCORRECT?(2015年第62題)
A.A bit of?owers.
B.Few words.
C.This work.
D.Another two girls.
答案:A
根據限定詞與名詞的搭配關系表,a bit of只能修飾不可數名詞,不能修飾可數名詞復數?owers,故選A。
8.The following determiners can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT_____.(2013年第55題)
A.many
B.enough
C.more
D.such
答案:A
根據限定詞與名詞的搭配關系表,many只能用于修飾可數名詞復數,不能用于修飾不可數名詞,故選A。
9.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2010年第62題)
A.All his lectures are very interesting.
B.Half their savings were gone.
C.Many his friends came to the party.
D.Both his sisters are nurses.
答案:C
根據限定詞順序表,many為后位限定詞,his為中位限定詞,順序顛倒,故選C。
(四)近年來英語專業四級考試主要考查代詞的指代和反身代詞的用法:
10.When one has good health,_____should feel fortunate.(2015年第64題)
A.you
B.she
C.he
D.we
答案:C
英語中有一類通性名詞,如baby,child,teacher,parent等,既可表示男性,也可表示女性。當這類名詞以其單數形式表示類指時,通常用陽性代詞來指代,故選C。
11.Which of the following re?exive pronouns is used as an object?(2014年第60題)
A.I spoke to the president himself.
B.Frank is not quite himself today.
C.Linda herself will play the violin.
D.You must pull yourself together.
答案:D
A選項中的反身代詞himself作the president的同位語;B選項中的himself作be動詞的表語;C選項中的herself作Linda的同位語;D選項中的yourself作pull的賓語,故選D。
(五)近年來英語專業四級考試對時態的考查主要集中于將來時間表達法:
12.Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?(2015年第54題)
A.My friendteaches chemistry in a school.
B.I’ll give it to you after Ireturn.
C.Whatis the matter with you?
D.Londonstands on the River Thames.
答案:B
用一般現在時表示將來時間可見于以下三種情況,首先常見于時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句,如:If she comes,I’ll tell her all about it./I will call you as soon as I get back home.其次一般現在時還可以表示按照時間表或者既定日程一定會發生的將來事態,如:It is Sunday tomorrow./The train leaves at eight o’clock this morning.再有,在I hope that,bet that,see(to it)that,make sure that,make certain that等句型中常用一般現在時表將來,如:I hope you enjoy the party this evening./I bet it rains tomorrow./I will make sure that you don’t get lost.所以只有B選項中的一般現在時在時間狀語從句中表將來。
13.Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?(2014年第52題)
A.Lucy is continually fnding fault with her sister.
B.We are meeting the visitors after the performance.
C.The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.
D.I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.
答案:B
用現在進行時表示將來時間,通常都是按照計劃安排近期內即將發生的動作,如:The British Prime Minister is visiting China next week.A選項表示近段時間經常發生的動作,與always,continually,constantly等連用表示贊揚或者批評。C選項表示目前正在發生的動作。D選項I’m hoping/I’m wondering表示婉轉語氣。只有B選項表示按照計劃即將發生的動作,故為正確答案。
14.How can I concentrate if you_____continually_____me with silly questions?(2016年第11題)
A.have...interrupted
B.are...interrupted
C.had...interrupting
D.were...interrupting
答案:A
從主句動詞can判斷動作發生在現在,只有A選項have interrupted現在完成時可以用于現在時間,表明對方一直問些愚蠢問題這一行為對說話人產生的影響,使其無法集中注意力。事實上,本題的最佳答案為are interrupting,現在進行時常與always,continually,constantly,for ever等頻度副詞連用,對現階段經常發生的動作表示某種感情色彩,例如:You are continually fnding fault with me,表明說話人對對方近段時間一直找茬的不滿情緒。
15.All the following sentences defnitely indicate future time EXCEPT_____.(2013年第58題)
A.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.
B.The school pupils will be home by now.
C.The President is coming to the UN next week.
D.He is going to email me the necessary information.
答案:B
A選項be to do結構用于表示按照計劃安排即將發生的動作,如:I am to have an interview this afternoon.或者在報紙和廣播上用以宣布官方的計劃或決定,如:The Prime Minister is to speak on television tonight.C選項用現在進行時表示按照計劃安排近期內即將發生的動作,常用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位移的動詞,可與A選項互換。D選項be going to do結構是典型的表示將來時間的結構。只有B選項中的will是表示可能性較大的推測。
(六)虛擬語氣是英語專業四級考試每年必考的語法點,主要考查以下三類虛擬語氣:if引導的非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣;should型虛擬語氣;wish,would rather等引導的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
16._____your advice,I would have made the wrong decision.(2016年第19題)
A.Hadn’t it been for
B.Had it not been for
C.Had it been for
D.Had not it been for
答案:B
題干意為“要不是你的建議,我早就做了錯誤的決定”,是非常典型的if虛擬句。從主句would have made判斷此句是對過去的虛擬,從句應為if it had not been for your advice,省略if,had提前,正確答案為had it not been for your advice,故選B。
17.If it_____tomorrow,the match would be put off.(2013年第63題)
A.was to rain
B.were to rain
C.was raining
D.had rained
答案:B
本題是由if引導的非真實條件句,從tomorrow得知是對將來的虛擬,從句形式為were to do,should do或者動詞的過去式,故選B。
18.It is essential that he_____all the facts frst.(2014年第51題)
A.is examining
B.will examine
C.examines
D.examine
答案:D
在advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,ftting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等形容詞之后的that分句中,要用should+do虛擬語氣。本題應為should examine,should可省略,故選D。
19.My boss ordered that the legal documents to him before lunch_____.(2012年第54題)
A.be sent
B.were sent
C.were to be sent
D.must be sent
答案:A
在decide,decree,demand,insist,move(提議),order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等動詞后面的賓語從句中,要用should+do虛擬語氣。本題應為should be sent,省略should,故選A。
20.The sentenceI wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker’s_____.(2016年第20題)
A.hope
B.joy
C.regret
D.relief
答案:C
題干是wish引導的賓語從句,had been表明是對過去的虛擬,意為“我真希望我過去在花錢方面更謹慎一些”,可見說話者過去花錢大手大腳或者沒有計劃,對此非常的后悔,故選C。
21.It’s getting late.I’d rather you_____.(2011年第61題)
A.left
B.leave
C.are leaving
D.will leave
答案:A
would rather后面的賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣,用一般過去時表示現在或將來的愿望,用過去完成時表過去的愿望,根據句意“天色已晚,我寧愿你現在就出發”是對現在的虛擬,應用一般過去時you left,故選A。
(七)情態動詞是英語專業四級考試必考的語法點,既考查推測性用法,也考查情態動詞本身的含義,詳見下表:

(《新編英語語法教程》:章振邦主編)
22.Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?(2015年第63題)
A.Whatwill you do when you graduate?
B.Theywill be home by now.
C.Whowill go with me?
D.Whywill you go there alone?
答案:B
情態動詞will主要有以下三種用法:1.表示意愿(willingness),即愿意做某事,如I will lend you the money if you need it;2.表示打算(intention),即打算做某事,如I will write to her tomorrow.=I am going to write to her tomorrow;3.表示決心(determination),即堅持要做某事,如I will take the job and no one is going to stop me.所以A選項“你畢業之后打算做什么”是表示intention,這里也可看作willingness;C選項“誰愿意跟我一起去”和D選項“為什么你愿意獨自去那兒”均表willingness;只有B選項“他們現在肯定到家了”是推測性用法,且可能性很大。
23.When the sentence“Shall I drive you to the airport frst?”is turned into indirect speech,which of the following is most appropriate?(2014年第65題)
A.He agreed to drive me to the airport frst.
B.He offered to drive me to the airport frst.
C.He advised me to go to the airport frst.
D.He suggested that I drive to the airport frst.
答案:B
題干中的情態動詞shall表示主動提出建議,意為“我先把你送到機場,如何?”。A選項“他同意先送我到機場”與shall主動提出的含義不符;C選項“他建議我先去機場”和D選項“他建議我先開車去機場”,均與題干“他開車送我去機場”意思不符。故選B。
24.Among the four sentences below,Sentence_____expresses the highest degree of possibility.(2016年第12題)
A.It may take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
B.It might take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
C.It could take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
D.It should take a long time to fnd a solution to the problem.
答案:D
從句意“可能要花很長時間才能找到解決方案”判斷本題考查情態動詞表推測的用法。能作推測性用法的情態動詞共有九個,按照可能性程度的高低可分為三檔:第一檔是表示“可能”的might/may/could/can,第二檔是表示“很有可能”的should/ought to/would/will,第三檔是表示“最有可能”的must。故答案選D。
25.Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?(2014年第55題)
A.The mooncannot always be at the full.
B.Youcannot smoke inside the building.
C.Hecannot come today.
D.Shecannot play the piano.
答案:A
情態動詞cannot可以表達以下含義:1.表示能力,相當于will not be able to,如C選項“他今天來不了”和D選項“她不會彈鋼琴”均表示沒有能力做某事;2.表示許可,相當于be not allowed to,如B選項“你不能在樓里吸煙”,隱含了說話人的命令語氣。所有只有A選項“月亮不可能總是圓的”表示可能性,是情態動詞表推測的用法。
(八)非謂語動詞是英語專業四級考試必考的語法點,近年來主要考查不定式作定語時與所修飾名詞的關系問題;動名詞的復合結構;分詞作狀語或賓語補足語等。
26.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?(2015年第60題)
A.The man has a large familyto support.
B.She had no wishto quarrel with her brother.
C.He was the last guestto leave.
D.Mary needs a friendto talk to.
答案:C
本題四個選項均為不定式作名詞的后置定語,不定式與名詞的搭配關系各有不同。A選項“這個男人有個大家庭要養”意為to support a family,D選項“瑪麗需要一個能夠交談的朋友”意為to talk to a friend,均為動賓關系;B選項“她無意與兄弟爭吵”,wish和quarrel with her brother是同位語關系;C選項“他是最后離開的賓客”,是主謂關系,故選C。
27.Which of the following italicized parts serve as an appositive?(2013年第61題)
A.He is not the manto draw back.
B.Larry has a large familyto support.
C.Tony hit back the urgeto tell a lie.
D.There is really nothingto fear.
答案:C
A選項the man to draw back是主謂關系;B選項a family to support和D選項nothing to fear是動賓關系;C選項the urge和to tell a lie是同位語關系,故選C。
28.This is one of the issues that deserve_____.(2016年第17題)
A.being mentioned
B.mentioning
C.to mention
D.for mention
答案:B
在need,want,require,deserve等動詞之后,可用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,如Theletter needs signing by the manager.=The letter needs to be signed by the manager.根據句意“這是值得被提及的議題之一”,故選B。
29.Please pardon_____you.(2014年第58題)
A.my disturbing
B.disturbing
C.me to disturb
D.that I disturb
答案:A
pardon要求跟動名詞作賓語,但根據句意“請原諒我打擾你了”,disturb的邏輯主語是我,可以用形容詞性物主代詞my,也可以用人稱代詞賓格me,故選A。要求跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有:admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’t help,can’t resist,can’t stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favor,imagine,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk等。
30.Which of the italicized parts functions as an object?(2012年第58題)
A.He doesn’t like the ideaof my speaking at the meeting.
B.It is no useyour pretending not to know the matter.
C.My parents strongly object tomy going out alone at night.
D.Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.
答案:C
本題考查動名詞作句子成分。A選項動名詞作賓語補足語;B選項it是形式主語,動名詞是句子真正的主語;D選項動名詞作主語;C選項動名詞作object to的賓語,故選C。
31.There_____nothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2015年第65題)
A.to be
B.to have been
C.being
D.be
答案:C
根據句意“因為沒有什么更多供討論的東西,會議在半個小時前就結束了”可知,前半句應用分詞作原因狀語,但分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語the meeting不一致,考查的是典型的獨立主格,應為there being,故選C。
32.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?(2014年第53題)
A.The front door remainedlocked.
B.The boy lookeddisappointed.
C.Nanct appearedworried.
D.He seemed to have no moneyleft.
答案:D
過去分詞在remain,look,appear等連系動詞后面充當表語,構成系表結構;有的語法書將系動詞后面的形容詞或分詞視為主語補足語。而D選項中的left充當money的賓語補足語,故選D。注意,分詞充當賓語補足語只有doing,done,being done三種形式。
(九)比較結構是英語專業四級考試常考的語法點:
33.She is a better speaker than_____in the class.(2016年第13題)
A.any boy
B.the other boys
C.other any girl
D.all the girls
答案:A
比較結構表示最高級有以下兩種表達法:...than any other單數名詞,或者...than the other復數名詞,但要注意other表示比較結構前后比較項要一致,故“她是班上最好的演說家”可以這樣表達:She is a better speaker than any other girl in the class,或者She is a better speaker than the other girls in the class.B選項she不屬于the other boys,比較項不一致,應為the other girls;C選項中位限定詞any和后位限定詞other順序顛倒,應為any other girl;D選項she包含在all the girls之中。故選A。
34.Mary is_____hardworking than her sister,but she failed in the exam.(2015年第52題)
A.no so
B.no more
C.not less
D.no less
答案:D
no+比較級+than表示比較結構前后兩者“都不……”,根據句意“瑪麗跟她姐姐一樣努力,卻沒有通過考試”,選D。
35.It is not so much the language_____the cultural background that makes the flm diffcult to understand.(2015年第55題)
A.but
B.nor
C.like
D.as
答案:D
not so much…as…結構表示“與其說……不如說……”,根據句意“與其說是語言,倒不如說是文化背景讓這部電影很難理解”,選D。此外句子還可以這樣表達:It is not the language so much as the cultural background that makes the flm diffcult to understand.
(十)雖然英語專業四級考試近五年沒有考查介詞和介詞短語,但2012年就考查過兩道相關題目,考生應重視:
36.Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?(2012年第62題)
A.Are you sureof Simon’s disappearance?
B.The manwith a beard is talking to the manage.
C.Every precaution was takenagainst the failure of the plan.
D.Despite the rain,everyone enjoyed the trip.
答案:D
A選項介詞短語作表語;B選項介詞短語作后置定語;C選項介詞短語作主語補足語;D選項介詞短語作讓步狀語,故選D。
37.Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?(2012年第64題)
A.They used the box for keeping treasures.
B.I stepped aside for her to get in frst.
C.For all that he seems to dislike me,I still like him.
D.The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.
答案:C
A選項介詞短語for keeping treasures作目的狀語,表用途;B選項中的for her和D選項中的for their son均表示對象;C選項中介詞短語作讓步狀語,意為“盡管他似乎不怎么喜歡我,但我仍然喜歡他”,故選C。
(十一)近年英語專業四級考試語法常考反意疑問句:
38.Nobody heard him sing,_____?(2016年第14題)
A.did one
B.did he
C.didn’t they
D.did they
答案:B
主句nobody是否定概念,heard說明句子是一般過去時,那么反意疑問句應為表示肯定的助動詞did,用代詞he來指代nobody,故選B。
39.When you have fnished with that book,don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,_____?(2015年第51題)
A.will you
B.do you
C.don’t you
D.won’t you
答案:A
陳述部分若為肯定式的祈使句,反意疑問部分可用will you/won’t you/would you,但陳述部分為否定式的祈使句,反意疑問句部分就只能用will you。題干don’t forget to put it back on the shelf(別忘了把書放回書架)為否定式的祈使句,只能用will you作反意疑問句,故選A。
40.Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?(2014年第59題)
A.Carry this parcel for me,will you?
B.Nobody wants to go there,does he?
C.Few people know him,don’t they?
D.Everything is ready,isn’t it?
答案:C
A選項陳述部分為祈使句,反意疑問部分用will you/won’t you/would you均可;B選項陳述部分是nobody,everybody等不定代詞時,反意疑問部分用he指代,由于前面是否定概念,所以疑問部分用肯定的does he;D選項陳述部分是everything,nothing等不定代詞時,疑問部分用it指代,由于前面是肯定概念,所以疑問部分用isn’t it;C選項陳述部分few為否定概念,疑問部分應為肯定的do they,故選C。
(十二)近年英語專業四級考試考查過同位語從句、主語從句、賓語從句等名詞性從句:
41.There is no doubt_____the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.(2015年第56題)
A.why
B.that
C.whether
D.when
答案:B
根據句意“毫無疑問,委員會在安居工程上做出了正確的決定”,no doubt與后面的從句構成同位語,用that來引導同位語從句,故選B。
42.The research team can handle_____needs to be handled.(2014年第61題)
A.whenever
B.whichever
C.wherever
D.whatever
答案:D
根據句意“研究小組能夠處理任何需要處理的問題”可知,handle后面接賓語從句,此賓語從句中缺少主語,應用whatever來引導,故選D。
43.Which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?(2012年第57題)
A.We never doubtthat her brother is honest.
B.The problem is notwho will go but who will stay.
C.You must give it back towhoever it belongs to.
D.It is clearthat the crime was done deliberately.
答案:D
A選項中斜體部分為doubt的賓語從句;B選項斜體部分為be動詞后的表語從句;C選項斜體部分為to后的介詞賓語從句;D選項斜體部分為主語從句,it為形式主語,故選D。
(十三)近年來專業英語四級考試主要考查as引導的狀語從句用法及意義:
44.Fool_____Michael is,he could not have done such a thing.(2014年第64題)
A.as
B.who
C.that
D.like
答案:A
根據句意“盡管麥克很傻,他也不可能做出這樣的事兒”可知,分句部分應為as引導的讓步狀語從句,而且as引導的讓步狀語從句要求將作表語的形容詞或名詞(常省略冠詞)提前構成倒裝,故選A。
45.Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?(2012年第61題)
A.I got a job as soon as I left university.
B.As there was no answer,I wrote again.
C.You must do the exercise as I show you.
D.Wealthy as he is,Mark is not a happy man.
答案:B
A選項中的as soon as引導時間狀語從句;C選項中的as引導方式狀語從句;D選項中的as引導讓步狀語從句;B選項中的as引導原因狀語從句,故選B。
(十四)英語專業四級詞匯部分的考點主要涉及詞匯的辨析和詞組的搭配。詞匯辨析主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的辨析,包括形近近義詞、形近異義詞、異形近義詞和異形異義詞的辨析;詞組的搭配主要考查動詞短語和介詞短語的搭配。
形近近義詞:
46.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown’s body,seeking to_____the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.(2016年第21題)
A.ensure
B.insure
C.assure
D.ascertain
答案:C考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近近義詞,ensure意為“擔保,保證”,指確保某事發生,后直接跟從句,不能用ensure sb.that;insure意為“投保”;assure意為“向……保證,使……確信”,常用assure sb.of sth.或者assure sb.that...;ascertain意為“查明”。此處尸檢的目的是確保徹底調查他的死因,結構為assure sb.that...,故選C。
47.The Foreign Secretary tried to_____doubts about his handling of the crisis.(2016年第23題)
A.dispel
B.expel
C.repel
D.quell
答案:A考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近近義詞,dispel意為“消除”,尤指消除人們的疑慮和誤解;expel意為“驅逐”;repel意為“抵制”;quell意為“鎮壓”。本題指“消除人們對他危機處理的疑慮”,故選A。
形近異義詞:
48.“I am leaving the country soon”,he told a_____convened group of reporters.(2016年第26題)
A.especially
B.particularly
C.specially
D.specifcally
答案:C考查副詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近異義詞,especially意為“顯著地,異常地”;particularly意為“異乎尋常地”;specially意為“專門地,特別地”;specifcally意為“明確地”。本句指“專門召集起來的記者”,故選C。
49.If you are an athlete,strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during_____upper-body movement.(2016年第29題)
A.valiant
B.variable
C.vigilant
D.vigorous
答案:D考查形容詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近異義詞,valiant意為“英勇的”;variable意為“易變的”;vigilant意為“警覺的”;vigorous意為“用力的,強度大的,精力充沛的”。此處指“強度劇烈的上肢鍛煉”,故選D。
異形近義詞:
50.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the_____.(2016年第22題)
A.consequence
B.outcome
C.result
D.aftermath
答案:D考查名詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,consequence意為“后果”;outcome意為“結局”,多指有待見分曉的結局;result指做某事產生的直接結果;aftermath指發生天災人禍之后隨之而來的不良的,甚至更嚴重的后果或余波。此處指“一個手無寸鐵的人的死亡帶來的余波”,故選D。
51.She really wanted to say something at the meeting,but eventually_____from it.(2013年第79題)
A.prevented
B.refrained
C.limited
D.restricted
答案:B考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,prevent意為“阻止,阻礙”,常構成prevent sb.from doing sth.結構;refrain意為“克制,忍住”,常與介詞from連用;limit和restrict意為“限制,限定”。本句表示“她忍住沒有發言”,故選B。
異形異義詞:
52.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who_____the resources to build a portfolio.(2016年第24題)
A.deprive
B.lack
C.yearn
D.attain
答案:B考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形異義詞,deprive意為“剝奪”;lack意為“缺乏”;yearn意為“渴望”;attain意為“得到”。本題指“缺乏資源建立證券投資組合”,故選B。
53.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the_____ceasefre by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.(2016年第27題)
A.contemporary
B.makeshift
C.spontaneous
D.temporary
答案:D考查形容詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形異義詞,contemporary意為“當代的”;makeshift意為“權宜之計的,臨時的”;spontaneous意為“自發的,無意識的”;temporary意為“暫時的”。本題指“暫時的停火”,故選D。
54.Finning is a cruel_____in which the shark’s fns are lopped off,and the live shark is thrown back to sea.(2016年第30題)
A.reality
B.truth
C.practice
D.skill
答案:C考查名詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形異義詞,reality意為“現實”;truth意為“真相”;practice意為“做法,實踐”;skill意為“技巧”。此處指“割下魚鰭是一種殘忍的做法”,故選C。
動詞短語搭配:
55.Chris ran_____John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck an easy rapport.(2016年第25題)
A.into...up
B.on...into
C.across...on
D.against...into
答案:A考查動詞短語辨析
run into意為“偶然遇到”;run on意為“繼續”;run across意為“不期而遇”;run against意為“同……競爭”;strike up意為“建立”;strike into意為“突然跑進”;strike on意為“打在……上,突然想起”。根據句意“克里斯在體育用品展銷會上偶然碰見了約翰,兩人迅速建立了友好關系”,故選A。
56.During the economic crisis,they had to cut back production and_____workers.(2015年第74題)
A.lay into
B.lay off
C.lay down
D.lay aside
答案:B考查動詞短語辨析
lay into意為“痛斥,痛打”;lay off意為“解雇”;lay down意為“放下,制定”;lay aside“擱置”。根據句意“經濟危機期間,他們不得不削減生產,解雇工人”,選B。
介詞短語搭配:
57._____to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own,you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.(2016年第28題)
A.Due
B.Prior
C.Related
D.Thanks
答案:B考查介詞短語辨析
due to意為“由于”;prior to意為“在……之前”;related to意為“與……關聯”;thanks to意為“由于”。此處指“在關掉鬧鐘之前”,故選B。
58.His mother retires earlyon account of poor health.The underlined part means_____.(2014年第76題)
A.despite
B.with
C.because of
D.according to
答案:C考查介詞短語辨析
despite意為“盡管”;with意為“伴隨著”;because of意為“因為,由于”;according to意為“根據,依據”。根據句意“因為身體不好,他的媽媽提前退休了”,選C。
四、真題分析
11._____combination of techniques authors use,all stories——from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels——have a plot.
A.Regarding
B.Whatever
C.In so far as
D.No matter
答案:B考查狀語從句
根據句意“不管作家使用什么樣的技巧組合,他們創作的故事——從簡短的趣聞軼事到長篇小說——都有情節”可知,本題考查讓步狀語從句,應用no matter what或者whatever來引導,故選B。
12.She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door,_____the woman gave a quick knock before opening it.
A.on which
B.but when
C.wherein
D.then
答案:A考查定語從句
本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞a closed door在定語從句中充當gave a quick knock on的賓語,應用關系代詞which來引導,故選A。
13.Mr Ennab is one of the frst Palestinian_____with seven years’racing experience.
A.woman drivers
B.women driver
C.women drivers
D.woman driver
答案:C考查名詞作定語
名詞可作定語來修飾名詞,在該短語變復數形式時,一般只需要把被修飾的名詞變成復數即可,如two apple trees,three boy students;但當man/woman作定語時,該短語在變復數時要求把兩個名詞都變成復數,所以“巴勒斯坦最早的一批女賽車手之一”應為one of the frst Palestinian women drivers,故選C。
14.“I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense used in the sentence refers to a_____.
A.past event for exact time reference
B.present event for tentativeness
C.present event for uncertainty
D.past event for politeness
答案:B考查動詞時態
want,wonder,think,hope等動詞的過去式可以用于表示現在時間,表示一種婉轉的語氣,這里的I wondered等同于I’m wondering,均表示委婉語氣。句子意為“我不知道能否和你談談”,顯然是一種試探,故選B。
15.“If I were you,I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.”The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to_____.
A.alleviate hostility
B.express unfavorable feelings
C.indicate uncertainty
D.make a suggestion
答案:D考查虛擬語氣
If I were you,I wouldn’t wait to propose to her是典型的對現在的虛擬,意為“如果我是你,我會馬上向她求婚”,顯然是給對方提建議,故選D。
16.“It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.”The modal auxiliary SHOULD expresses_____.
A.obligation
B.disappointment
C.future in the past
D.tentativeness
答案:B考查情態動詞
情態動詞should在某些語境中可表示惋惜、憂慮、歡欣、驚訝等感情色彩。句子意為“這個政府官員竟然出爾反爾,真是太不應該了”,顯然說話人對官員不守承諾的行為感到失望,故選B。
17.Timothy Ray Brown,the first man cured of HIV,initially opted against the stem cell transplant tha_____t history.
A.could have later made
B.should have made later
C.might make later
D.would later make
答案:D考查動詞時態
根據句意“Timothy Ray Brown,第一個被治愈HIV的人,起初是反對干細胞移植手術的,而這項技術將在未來創造歷史”可知,本題考查過去將來時的用法,可以用would make history來表達,表示時間的副詞later可放在情態動詞would之后,故選D。
18.Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on earth that are known_____by microbes.
A.having been created
B.being created
C.to have been created
D.to be created
答案:C考查非謂語動詞
根據固定結構be known to判斷本題考查動詞不定式的用法,而“由微生物塑造的地球巖石結構”早于“火星巖石結構”的發現,應用不定式的完成態to have been done,故選C。
19.At that moment,with the crowd watching me,I was not afraid in the ordinary sense,as I_____if I_____alone.
A.would have been...had been
B.should be...had been
C.could be...were
D.might have been...were
答案:A考查虛擬語氣
本題出自于George Orwell的短篇小說《獵象記》:“在這種節骨眼兒上,那么多雙眼睛盯著我,我早就顧不上害怕了,不像只有我一個人的時候。”顯然空格處是對過去(一個人的時候)的虛擬,主句用would have done結構,從句用過去完成時had done,故選A。
20.You must fre_____incompetent assistant of yours.
A.the
B.an
C.that
D.whichever
答案:C考查名詞屬格
本題考查雙重所有格。雙重屬格所修飾的名詞可與a,any,some等表示非確定特指的限定詞連用,但不能與定冠詞the連用。雙重屬格修飾的名詞還可以與this,that等指示限定詞連用,表示愛憎褒貶等感情色彩。題干“你必須開除你那個無能的助手”表達了說話者不滿抱怨的情緒,故選C。
21.Some narratives seem more like plays,heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their_____to reveal themselves.
A.charisma
B.characters
C.characteristics
D.characterizations
答案:B考查名詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近異義詞,charisma意為“魅力,感召力”;characters意為“人物,角色;性格”;characteristics意為“特征,特點”;characterizations意為“人物塑造,人物刻畫”。本題指“作者通過對話展現角色的人物性格”,故選B。
22.If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water,you can_____extra purity by running it through a coffee flter.
A.assure
B.insure
C.reassure
D.ensure
答案:D考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近近義詞,assure意為“向……保證,使……確信”,常用assure sb.of sth.或者assure sb.that...;insure意為“投保”;reassure意為“使安心,打消疑慮”,常構成reassure sb that...;ensure意為“確保,保證”,指確保某事發生,后面直接跟名詞或賓語從句,不能用ensure sb.that。此處意為“使用濾紙能確保更純凈的飲用水”,故選D。
23.The daisy-like?owers of chamomile have been used for centuries to_____anxiety and insomnia.
A.decline
B.relieve
C.quench
D.suppress
答案:B考查動詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,decline意為“下降,衰退”;relieve意為“緩解,擺脫”;quench意為“解渴,止渴”;suppress意為“鎮壓,抑制”。根據句意“甘菊幾個世紀以來被用于緩解焦慮和失眠”,故選B。
24.Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music,2014 delivered a great crop of album_____.
A.releases
B.appearances
C.publications
D.presentations
答案:A考查名詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形異義詞,release意為“專輯的發行,情緒的釋放”;appearance意為“出現,露面”;publication意為“書刊的出版,信息的公布”;presentation意為“陳述,說明,頒獎典禮”。此處為專輯的發行,故選A。
25.The party’s reduced vote in the general election was_____of lack of support for its policies.
A.revealing
B.confrming
C.indicative
D.evident
答案:C考查形容詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,均有“表明的,指示的”之意,但只有indicative能構成固定短語be indicative of,意為“該政黨在大選中選票減少表明人們對其政策缺乏支持”,故選C。
26.He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind’s_____to analyze their differences.
A.vision
B.eye
C.view
D.sigh
答案:B考查名詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,但只有to one’s mind’s eye為固定短語,意為“心靈之眼”,故選B。
27.Twelve pupils were killed and five_____injured after gunmen attacked the school during lunchtime.
A.critically
B.enormously
C.greatly
D.hard
答案:A考查副詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,critically意為“局勢危險地,病情嚴重地”;enormously意為“范圍、程度巨大地”;greatly意為“非常地,極大地”;hard意為“努力地,猛烈地”。此處指受傷嚴重,故選A。
28.A 15-year-old girl has been arrested_____accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high school.
A.over
B.with
C.on
D.for
答案:C考查介詞短語
on accusations of為固定短語,意為“受到……的指控”,故選C。
29.It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight_____to Germany from Abu Dhabi.
A.bounded
B.binded
C.boundary
D.bound
答案:D考查形容詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為形近異義詞,be bounded by意為“以……為界”;binded為錯誤單詞干擾項,bind的過去分詞應為bound;boundary是名詞,意為“邊界”;be bound for/to有“開往,飛往”之意,故選D。
30.It’s_____the case in the region;a story always sounds clear enough at a distance,but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.
A.invariably
B.immovably
C.unalterably
D.unchangeably
答案:A考查副詞詞義辨析
本題四個選項為異形近義詞,invariably意為“總是”,等同于頻率副詞always;immovably意為“固定不動地”;unalterably意為“堅定不移地”;unchangeably意為“不變地”。此處指“在這個地區總是發生這樣的情況”,故選A。
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