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完型填空部分

一、題型簡介

本部分采用選擇題的形式。在一篇約250個單詞、題材熟悉、難度中等的短文中留出10個空白。每個空白為一題,要求考生從所給的詞庫中選擇最佳答案。本部分主要測試學生的綜合語言知識和技能。

二、大綱分析

完形填空15選10是2015年英語專業四級考試改革后的新題型,主要考查考生在語篇環境下對詞匯和語法知識的掌握。題目數量由原來的20題調整為10道題,分值由原來的每題0.5分增加到1分,考試時間由原來的15分鐘縮短至10分鐘,難度加大了,考生心理壓力更大。對考生更大的挑戰還在于出題方式的改變,由原來的單句填空4選1調整為篇章填空15選10,要求考生對短文的大意和結構有更清晰的把握,而且一旦填錯一個空格,極有可能出現連環出錯的情況,所以考試難度有所增加。

三、解題技巧

首先考生要快速瀏覽全文,尤其是文章首段或首句,對文章的主題和結構有大致的了解。其次要對15個選項進行詞性的分類,要注意某些單詞具有多重詞性;如果考生經驗豐富,會發現同一詞性的多個選項會出現近義詞或反義詞的情況,這就是干擾項。然后根據空格處應填入單詞的詞性縮小范圍,并根據上下文以及邏輯關系確定選項。最后檢查全文,要保證填入的單詞在意義和語法兩個方面都正確。下面以2016年英語專業四級完型填空真題為例加以說明:

Imagine a world without writing.Obviously there would be no books:no novels,no encyclopedias,no cookbooks,no textbooks,no telephone books,no scriptures,no diaries,no travel guides.There would be no ball-points,no typewriters,no computers,no Internet,no magazines,no movie credits,no shopping lists,no newspapers,no tax returns.But such_____(31)of objects almost miss the point.The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word,_____(32)by the technology of writing over thousands of years.Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and_____(33)their laws in writing.Scribes administered great empires by writing,their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies.Religious traditions were passed on through_____(34),and spread to others,in writing.Scientific and technological progress was achieved and_____(35)through writing.Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing.Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing.A world without writing would bear_____(36)resemblance to the one we now live in.Writing is a_____(37)necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations.A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization,by its construction of cities and large public buildings,and by the economic specialization of its members,many of whom are not_____(38)involved in food procurement or production.A civilization,with its taxation and tribute systems,its trade,and its public works,requires a_____(39)system of record keeping.And so the early civilizations of Egypt,China,and(probably)India all developed a system of writing.Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but_____(40)invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known asquipu.

首先將詞庫中的15個單詞按照詞性進行分類,注意有些單詞具有多重詞性:

名詞:combinations(組合),generations(一輩),lists(清單);

動詞:disseminated(傳播),promulgated(頒布),publicized(宣傳),shaped(塑造)和transplanted(移植);

形容詞:ample(充足的),scant(不足的),sophisticated(復雜的)和virtual(虛擬的);

副詞:directly(直接地),genuinely(真正地),instead(然而)。

然后根據空格處應填入單詞的詞性縮小范圍,并根據上下文以及邏輯關系確定選項:

31.答案:H考查名詞

文章首句就點明主題:書寫或者文字對文明社會的重要性。空格處句意為“但單靠這樣一份物品的_____并不能說明問題”,根據句子結構可知這里需要填入一個名詞,而前文中列舉了許多跟文字有關的發明或設備,所以應為lists of objects,故選H。

32.答案:L考查動詞

根據句子結構marked by the written word,_____by the technology of writing可知這里應該填入動詞跟marked并列,根據句意“千百年來,文字給我們所生活的世界刻上難以磨滅的印記,不斷發展的書寫技術塑造了我們生活的世界”,選L。

33.答案:I考查動詞

空格處句意為“古代帝王通過文字來宣揚權威和_____法律”,應該填入動詞構成短語與proclaimed their authority并列,能夠搭配“法律”的動詞只有promulgate,意為“頒布法律”,故選I。

34.答案:E考查名詞

空格處在介詞后面,需要填入名詞,根據句意“宗教傳統通過文字傳給_____”,選擇generations,意為“代代相傳”,故選E。

35.答案:D考查動詞

根據句子結構was achieved and_____through writing,應該填入動詞與achieved并列,空格處句意為“通過文字來實現和_____科技發展”,只有disseminated可以構成disseminate the scientifc and technological progress(傳播科學技術),故選D。

36.答案:K考查形容詞

bear resemblance to是完整的動詞短語,這里只能填入形容詞來修飾resemblance,空格處句意為“沒有文字的世界絲毫不像我們如今生活的世界”,所以要選擇表示否定概念的scant,故選K。

37.答案:O考查形容詞

空格處句意為“對于人類學家稱之為文明的社會,文字是一種_____的必要”,只有形容詞virtual符合句意和結構,意為“虛擬的必要”,故選O。

38.答案:C考查副詞

be involved in是完整的動詞短語,只能填入副詞來修飾動詞,空格處句意為“社會成員的經濟專業化是文明社會區別于其他社會的重要因素,通常這樣的社會成員并不_____參與食物的采購或生產”,只有directly符合句意,表示文明社會中專業化的社會成員不會直接生產糧食,故選C。

39.答案:M考查形容詞

空格處句意為“文明社會的稅收及朝貢制度,商業活動及市政工程需要一套_____的記錄系統”,只有形容詞sophisticated符合,意為“復雜的系統”,故選M。

40.答案:G考查副詞

空格處句意為“只有秘魯的印加文明及其先輩們沒有發展書寫記錄系統,_____發明了用彩色標記的結繩來記錄的方式”,but instead構成轉折關系,故選G。

四、真題分析

Millions of people now rent their movies the Net?ix way.They fll out a wish list from the 50,009 titles on the company’s web site and receive the first few DVD’s in the mail;when they mail each one back,the next one on the list is sent.The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive,new-economy_____(31).What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster?What will it mean for movie studios and theaters?What does it show about“long tail”businesses——ones that combine many markets into a_____(32)target audience?But one other major implication has_____(33)been mentioned:what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for the United States Postal Service.

Every day,some two million Net?ix envelopes come and go as frstclass mail.They are joined by millions of other shipments from_____(34)pharmacies,eBay vendors,Amazon.com and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet.

The_____(35)of“snail mail”in the age of electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless offce.But the consumption of paper keeps_____(36).It has roughly doubled since 1980.On average,an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970’s.

The harmful side of the Internet’s impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess.People_____(37)write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages.To_____(38)through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been_____(39)in this shift:the pretty stamps,the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence,the tangible_____(40)that was once in the sender’s hands.

詞庫中的單詞按照詞性分類如下:

名詞:demise(終止,死亡);emergence(出現,興起);implications(含義,意義);leaf(葉子;書籍的一頁);object(物體;目的)和value(價值);

動詞:demise(傳位,禪讓);gain(獲得);leaf(翻閱);lose(失去);object(反對)和rise(升起);

形容詞:gained(獲得的);lost(失去的);one(唯一的,僅有的);online(在線的);rising(上升的,增長的)和single(單一的);

副詞:always(總是);barely(幾乎不);naturally(自然地)和online(在線地)

代詞:one(用以指代明確的人或物)

31.答案:F考查名詞

文章首句就點明主題:人們現在已經習慣了在Net?ix上租賃影片。根據句意“Net?ix模式因其顛覆性的,新經濟的_____而被詳細分析”,空格處應填入一個名詞,而下文列舉出Net?ix模式的流行對音像店,電影院等的意義,只有economy implications(經濟意義)符合句意。且首段末句one other major implication has been mentioned也印證本題選F。

32.答案:N考查形容詞

空格處句意為“長尾商業模式是指將眾多市場整合成_____目標受眾的商業模式”,只有形容詞single符合句意和結構,意為“單一的目標受眾”,故選N。

33.答案:B考查副詞

前文提到Net?ix租賃模式對音像店等的影響,后文提到該模式和類似的互聯網商業模式對美國郵政服務的意義(what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for the United States Postal Service),而兩者用連詞but連接說明前后內容相背,只有副詞barely符合句意和結構,意為“但是另外一個重要的意義鮮被提及”,故選B。

34.答案:L考查形容詞

空格處句意為“另外還有數以萬計的商品,來自_____藥店、易貝交易平臺、亞馬遜網站及其他在互聯網出現后才誕生的公司”,句子中的eBay和Amazon等都是在線購物網站,只有online符合句意,故選L。

35.答案:C考查名詞

本句將電子通訊時代“蝸牛郵件”的_____與“辦公無紙化”的到來進行類比,只有demise符合句意和結構,意為“蝸牛郵件會在網絡時代消失”,故選C。

36.答案:M考查動詞

keep后面應跟動名詞或者形容詞,根據句意“紙張的消耗量卻一直保持_____”選擇rising,意為“紙張消耗量不斷增長”,故選M。

37.答案:I考查副詞

空格處句意為“當人們可以發電子郵件時,寫信_____就少了”,只有naturally符合句意和結構,表示一種因果關系,故選I。

38.答案:G考查動詞

詞庫中的動詞只有leaf through為固定短語,意為“翻閱郵箱”,故選G。

39.答案:H考查形容詞

has been后面可以接形容詞構成系表結構,或者接過去分詞構成現在完成時的被動語態,根據句意“翻看一箱舊信件,你就會知道在這種轉型中失去了什么”,選H。

40.答案:J考查名詞

根據定語從句中的was判斷空格處應填入單數名詞,只有object符合句意,表示“傳統紙質信件是觸手可及的實物”,與虛擬的電子郵件形成鮮明的對比,故選J。

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