2.22 [47] 景公欲厚葬梁丘據晏子諫

齊景公打算厚葬梁丘據，晏子進諫

【原文】

梁丘據死，景公召晏子而告之，曰：“據忠且愛我，我欲豐厚其葬，高大其壟。”晏子曰：“敢問據之忠與愛于君者，可得聞乎？”公曰：“吾有喜于玩好，有司未能我共也，則據以其所有共我，〔吾〕是以知其忠也；每有風雨，暮夜求〔之〕必存，吾是以知其愛也。”晏子曰：“嬰對則為罪，不對則無以事君，敢不對乎！嬰聞之，臣專其君，謂之不忠；子專其父，謂之不孝；妻專其夫，謂之（不）嫉。事（父）〔君〕之道，導親于父兄，有禮于群臣，有惠于百姓，有信于諸侯，謂之忠；為子之道，以鐘愛其兄弟，施行于諸父，慈惠于眾子，誠信于朋友，謂之孝；為妻之道，使其眾妾皆得歡忻于其夫，謂之不嫉。今四封之民，皆君之臣也，而維據盡力以愛君，〔何愛者之少邪〕？〔四封之貨〕，〔皆君之有也〕，〔而維據也以其私財忠于君〕，〔何忠者之寡邪〕？〔據之防塞群臣〕，〔壅蔽君〕，〔無乃甚乎〕？”〔公曰〕：“〔善哉〕！〔微子〕，〔寡人不知據之至于是也〕。”〔遂罷為壟之役〕，〔廢厚葬之令〕，〔令有司據法而責〕，〔群臣陳過而諫〕。〔故官無廢法〕，〔臣無隱忠〕，〔而百姓大說〕。

【今譯】

梁丘據去世了，齊景公召見晏子，告訴他說：“梁丘據忠誠而且愛戴我，我打算隆重地安葬他，把他的墳墓修的高大氣派。”晏子說：“請問梁丘據對您忠誠和愛戴的表現，可以讓我聽聽嗎？”景公說：“我喜歡玩賞的東西，主管的官員不能給我提供的，梁丘據就把他自己的拿來供奉給我，所以我知道他對我的忠誠；或者刮風下雨的夜晚我召見他，他一定會來，所以我知道他愛戴我。”晏子說：“我回答就會得罪您，不回答又是沒有侍奉好國君，怎么敢不回答呢！我聽說，臣子集中全部精力侍奉君王，叫作不忠；兒子集中全部精力侍奉父親，叫作不孝；妻子集中全部精力侍奉丈夫，叫作嫉妒。侍奉君王的原則，是要引導君王和父兄親近，對群臣有禮，對百姓施以恩惠，對諸侯有信譽，這才叫忠誠。做兒子的原則，是要勸導父親鐘愛兄弟，對伯父、叔父施以善行，對所有兒子施以仁愛，對朋友忠誠守信，這才叫孝順；做妻子的原則，是要讓眾侍妾都能得到丈夫的歡心，這才叫不嫉妒。現在四方疆域內的百姓，都是您的臣民，而只有梁丘據竭盡全力來愛戴您，為什么愛戴您的人這么少呢？四方疆域內的財貨，都歸您所有，而只有梁丘據用他的私財來表達對您的忠誠，為什么忠誠的人這么少呢？梁丘據防范群臣、堵塞言路，蒙蔽國君，是不是太嚴重了呢？”景公說：“對啊！如果不是您這番話，我還不知道梁丘據已經壞到這種地步了。”于是罷去了修造墳墓的勞役，廢除了厚葬的命令，下令有關部門根據法律來明確職責，群臣陳述君王的過失而進諫。因此朝廷沒有無用的法律，群臣沒有隱沒的忠誠，百姓們極為高興。

Liangqiu Ju died. Duke Jing summoned Yanzi and informed him about it,saying: “Ju was bound to me by ties of loyalty and affection. Therefore,I want to give him a rich burial and make his grave mound enormous.”

Yanzi said: “Dare I,my Lord,ask about Ju’s loyalty and love for his ruler? May I hear about it?”

The Duke said: “When there were fine things and precious objects that I fancied and the office in charge of these objects was not able to provide me w ith them,then Ju provided me w ith them out of his own resources. In this I recognized his loyalty. Every time I sought him,whether it was stormy or late at night,he surely stayed by my side. In this I recognized his love.”

Yanzi said: “If I reply to this,I w ill commit an offence. If I do not reply,I w ill have nothing w ith which to serve my ruler. How dare I not reply? I have heard that if a minister monopolizes his ruler,he is called ‘disloyal.’ If a son monopolizes his father,he is called ‘unfilial.’ If a wife monopolizes her husband,she is called ‘jealous.’ The way to serve a ruler is to direct him to uphold close relations w ith his father and elder brothers,to deal w ith his various m inisters according to the rites,and to show generosity toward the people and good faith toward the regional princes. This is called ‘loyalty.’ The w ay to be a son is to love one’s brothers unstintingly,to manifest good conduct among all one’s uncles,and to have a merciful and generous attitude toward all of one’s sons and a sincere and faithful attitude toward one’s friends. This is called ‘filial piety.’ The way to be a w ife is to let all the concubines take pleasure in one’s husband. This is called ‘a lack of jealousy.’ Now,all people w ithin the four borders are your subjects,yet only Ju loved you with all his might. Why,then,do so few people love you? A ll the goods w ithin the four borders belong to you,my Lord,and only Ju expressed his loyalty to you w ith all his personal means; why are so few people loyal to you? In blocking the access of all ministers to you and screening you off,was Ju not going too far?”

The Duke said: “Well argued! Without you,sir,I would have never known how far things had gone w ith Ju.” Thereupon,he rescinded the call for conscript labor to make the grave’s mound,and w ithdrew his order for a lavish burial. He ordered the relevant officers to censure m isbehavior in accordance w ith the law. He ordered the ministers to point out faults and remonstrate w ith him. As a result,no laws were disregarded in the administration,m inisters had no hidden loyalties,and the people were extremely content.