2.20 [45] 景公路寢臺成逢于何愿合葬晏子諫而許

齊景公修成路寢臺，逢于何希望父母合葬，晏子進諫而被準許

【原文】

景公成路寢之臺，逢于何遭喪，遇晏子于途，再拜乎馬前。晏子下車挹之，曰：“子何以命嬰也？”對曰：“于何之母死，兆在路寢之臺牖下，愿請命合骨?！标套釉唬骸拔?！難哉！雖然，嬰將為子復之，適為不得，子將若何？”對曰：“夫君子則有以，如我者儕小人，吾將左手擁格，右手梱心，立餓枯槁而死，以告四方之士曰：‘于何不能葬其母者也。’”晏子曰：“諾?！彼烊胍姽?，曰：“有逢于何者，母死，兆在路寢，當（如之何）〔牖下〕？愿請合骨。”公作色不說，曰：“〔自〕古（之）及今，子亦嘗聞請葬人主之宮者乎？”晏子對曰：“古之人君，其（室宮）〔宮室〕節，不侵生（民）〔人〕之居，〔其〕臺榭儉，不殘死人之墓，故未嘗聞諸請葬人主之宮者也。今君侈為宮室，奪人之居，廣為臺榭，殘人之墓，是生者悉憂，不得安處，死者離易，不得合骨。豐樂侈游，兼傲生死，非人君之行也。遂欲滿求，不顧細民，非存之道〔也〕。且嬰聞之，生者不得安，命之曰蓄憂；死者不得葬，命之曰蓄哀。蓄憂者怨，蓄哀者危，君不如（詳）〔許〕之?！惫唬骸爸Z。”晏子出，梁丘據曰：“自古及今，未嘗聞求葬公宮者也，若何許之？”公曰：“削人之居，殘人之墓，凌人之喪，而禁其葬，是于生者〔無〕施，于死者無禮。《詩》云：‘谷則異室，死則同穴?！岣也辉S乎？”逢于何遂葬其母路寢之牖下，解衰去绖，布衣縢履，玄冠芘武，踴而不哭，躃而不拜，已乃涕洟而去。

【今譯】

齊景公命人修好了路寢臺，有個叫逢于何的人遇上了喪事，他在路上遇到晏子，在馬前拜了兩拜。晏子下車作揖還禮，問道：“您有什么事情讓我去做嗎？”逢于何回答說：“我的母親去世了，墓穴在路寢臺的墻下面，我請求將父親母親合葬。”晏子說：“唉！難??！即便如此，我仍然要替您向國君稟報，如果偏巧得不到同意，您將怎么辦呢？”逢于何回答說：“君子總會有辦法的，像我這樣的普通百姓，只能左手扶著靈車，右手捶著胸口，站在那里饑餓枯槁而死，用這種方式告訴天下人說：‘逢于何是不能埋葬母親的人?！标套诱f：“知道了?！庇谑沁M宮去見景公，說：“有一個叫逢于何的人，他的母親去世了，墓穴在路寢臺的墻下面，他請求將父親和母親合葬。這件事應該怎么處理？”景公聽后變了臉色，不高興地說：“從古至今，您聽說過請求把死人埋葬在君主宮殿中的事嗎？”晏子回答說：“古時候的君王，他們的宮室很狹小，不侵占百姓的居所，他們的臺榭很樸素，不破壞死人的墳墓，所以沒有聽說過請求把死人埋葬在君主宮殿中的事。現在您修建奢華的宮殿，侵奪了百姓的居所，大量修筑亭臺廊榭，破壞了死人的墳墓，這就使得活著的人憂愁，沒有地方安居，死了的人分離，得不到合葬?？v情享樂游玩，對活人和死人都傲慢輕視，這不是君王的行為。只顧滿足自己的欲望和要求，不顧百姓，這不是保存國家的方法。而且我聽說，讓活人得不到安居，叫作積蓄憂愁；讓死人得不到安葬，叫作積蓄哀痛。積蓄憂愁導致怨恨，積蓄哀痛導致危亡，您不如答應他的要求?！本肮f：“好吧。”晏子出去后，梁丘據說：“從古至今，沒聽說過請求把死人埋在國君宮里的，您為什么要答應呢？”景公說：“削奪百姓的居所，破壞百姓的墳墓，侵犯百姓的喪事，而又禁止他合葬父母，這樣做對生者是沒有施恩，對死者是無禮。《詩經》里說：‘活著的時候不能住在一起，死去之后也要葬在一起?！以趺茨懿淮饝兀俊狈暧诤斡谑蔷桶阉哪赣H葬在路寢臺的墻下，他解下喪服，穿上布衣藤鞋，戴上黑色的帽子，紫草結帶，極為哀傷但沒有痛哭，撲倒在地而沒有下拜，葬禮結束之后才流著眼淚離開。

Duke Jing completed the terrace over the Road Bedchamber. Peng Yuhe,^[2] who was experiencing the loss of a loved one,met Yanzi on the road and bowed twice in front of his horses. Yanzi stepped down from his carriage,folded his hands in salute,and said: “What is it that you command me to do,Sir?”

Peng Yuhe replied: “M y mother died and the gravesite is below the wall^[3] of the terrace over the Road Bedchamber. I would like to ask the Duke to issue an order allow ing me to mingle her bones with those of my father.”

Yanzi said: “Oh! That is very difficult! Even so,I w ill report the matter to him for you. And if,by chance,you are not granted permission,what would you do?”

Peng Yuhe answered: “A man of noble character would have the means to act; a man like myself is merely a person of no account. I would hold the cross-pole of the hearse w ith my left hand and beat upon my heart w ith my right hand,stand and starve until I w ithered and died,in order to make it clear to the officers of all four quarters: ‘Yuhe is a person who was unable to bury his mother.’”

Yanzi said: “Very well.” Thereupon,he went to his audience with the Duke and said: “There is a man named Peng Yuhe; his mother died and her gravesite is situated below the wall of the Road Bedchamber. I would like to ask for your permission to let him mingle the bones.”

The Duke’s facial expression revealed his displeasure and he said: “From antiquity until today,have you ever heard of anyone asking to conduct a burial on the grounds of the sovereign’s palace?”

Yanzi answered: “The palaces and the halls of the rulers of ancient times were modest and did not encroach upon the dwellings of the people living in them.^[4] Their terraces and terrace-halls were modest and did not harm the tombs of the dead. That is why no one has ever heard of someone asking to be allowed to conduct a burial in the grounds of the palace of the sovereign. But now you,my Lord,are building palaces and halls extravagantly,and you rob the people of their dwellings. You build terraces and terrace-halls on a grand scale and destroy the tombs of the people. The living are aggrieved and worried and cannot live in peace,while the dead are separated from each other and their bones cannot be m ingled. An excess of pleasure and extravagant excursions and show ing haughty disregard for the living and the dead alike are not a ruler’s proper conduct. Follow ing one’s desires and satisfying one’s own demands w ithout caring for the common people is not the way to survive. Furthermore,I have heard that if the living cannot obtain peace of mind,this is called ‘accumulating sorrow.’If the dead cannot be buried,this is called ‘accumulating grief.’ He who accumulates sorrow will inspire resentment; he who accumulates grief w ill be in peril. My Lord,it would be better to permit his request.”

The Duke said: “Very well.” A fter Yanzi went out,Liangqiu Ju said: “From antiquity until the present day,I have never heard of anyone asking to conduct a burial in the grounds of the palace of his Duke. Why did you permit it?”

The Duke said: “Cutting off the dwellings of the people and destroying their tombs,humiliating people in mourning and preventing burials means not granting favors to the living and not perform ing the rites for the dead. As it says in the Odes:

‘During their lifetime they lived in separated chambers,

But in death they were buried in the same grave.’^[5]

How would I presume not to perm it this?” Thereupon,Peng Yuhe buried his mother under the wall of the Road Bedchamber. He took off his mourning garment and removed the mourning band. He clad himself in plain clothes and wore straw sandals and a dark hat w ith white ribbons. Then,w ithout weeping,he stamped on the ground and beat his breast w ithout bow ing. When he had finished w ith this,he burst into tears and left.

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注釋

[1]Item 2.20 [45] ? Item 7.11 [181].

[2]An unidentified figure.

[3]牖→墉 (JS,150/5).

[4]For an identical view of the w ay the ancients built their dwelling houses,see Mozi,1.6/20-27.

[5]Shijing,73/33/28.