2.19 [44] 景公登路寢臺望國而（歡）〔嘆〕晏子諫

齊景公攀登路寢臺眺望國都而悲嘆，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公與晏子登寢而望國，公愀然而（歡）〔嘆〕曰：“使后嗣世世有此，豈不可哉！”晏子曰：“臣聞明君必務正其治，以事利民，然后子孫享之。《詩》云：‘武王豈不事，貽厥孫謀，以燕翼子。’今君處佚怠，逆政害民有日矣，而猶出若言，不亦甚乎！”公曰：“然則后世孰將把齊國？”對曰：“服牛死，夫婦（笑）〔哭〕，非骨肉之親也，為其利之大也。欲知把齊國者，則其利之者邪？”公曰：“然，何以易〔之〕？”對曰：“移之以善政。今公之牛馬老于欄牢，不勝服也；車蠹于巨戶，不勝乘也；衣裘襦袴，朽弊于藏，不勝衣也；醯醢腐，不勝沽也；酒醴酸，不勝飲也；府粟郁，而不勝食。又厚藉斂于百姓，而不以分餒民。夫藏財而不用，兇也，財茍失守，下其報環至。其次昧財之失守，委而不以分人者，百姓必進自分也。故君人者與其請于人，不如（于請）〔請于〕己也。”

【今譯】

齊景公和晏子一起登上路寢臺眺望國都，景公悲愴地嘆息道：“讓后世子孫世代保有這個國家，難道不可以嗎！”晏子說：“我聽聞賢明的國君一定致力于擺正他的治國理念，做有利于百姓的事，然后子孫后代才能安享國家。《詩經》中說：‘武王怎么能不做（有利于百姓的）事呢，他為子孫的將來做好了安排，并庇佑保護他們。’現在您安逸怠惰，倒行逆施，侵害百姓已經很長時間了，還能說出這樣的話來，這不是太過分了嗎！”景公說：“既然這樣，那么后世誰將執掌齊國呢？”晏子說：“拉車的牛死了，主人夫婦傷心地哭泣，這并不是因為他們跟牛之間有骨肉之親，而是因為牛給他們帶來的利益太大了。您想知道將來執掌齊國的人，那么應該就是給齊國人帶來利益最大的人吧！”景公說：“既然這樣，有什么辦法能改變這種局面呢？”晏子說：“用好的政策來改變。現在您的牛馬在圈里關老了，不能拉車；您的車子在車庫中生了蠹蟲，不能乘坐；您的皮衣皮襖在藏衣柜中朽壞了，不能再穿；肉醬腐爛了，不能再賣；美酒放酸了，不能再喝；倉庫中的糧食堆的發了霉，不能再吃。可您還加重賦稅，對百姓橫征暴斂，而不肯把聚斂的財物分發給貧窮饑餓的人。儲藏財物而不使用，是不吉利的，這些財物一旦失去，隨后而來的報復行動就會連續不斷。再說暗藏的財物守不住，丟棄了而不分給別人，那么百姓一定會自己前來把它分掉。因此做國君的人與其求助于別人，不如求助于自己。”

Duke Jing climbed the terrace over the Road Bedchamber^[1] together w ith Yanzi and surveyed his capital. The Duke sighed sadly and said: “Oh,if only every generation of my descendants could possess this how could this not be proper?”

Yanzi said: “I have heard that the enlightened ruler must strive to rectify his governance so that his acts w ill benefit the people. Only then may his sons and grandsons enjoy it. As it says in the Odes:

Did King Wu not work?

He handed down his plans to his grandsons,

To bring peace and security to his sons.^[2]

But now you,my Lord,indulge in idle pleasures,and your perverse policies have harmed the people for quite some time; yet you still express yourself in such words—is this not excessive?”

The Duke said: “If so,then who will hold power in the state of Qi in later generations?”

Yanzi answered: “When a yoked ox dies,then the owner and his wife weep,not because it was their own flesh-and-bone relative,but because it brought them great benefits. If you now want to know who will hold power in the state of Qi,w ill it not be the one who brings it benefit?”

The Duke said: “Agreed. How can I change all this?”

Yanzi answered: “You can avert all this by means of good governance. Now,my Lord,your cattle and horses have become old in the animal enclosures and cannot be yoked; the carriages behind the huge doors are eaten by worms and cannot be used for driving; items of clothing,furs,jackets and trousers decay in the storehouses and cannot be worn; vinegar and meat sauce spoil and cannot be sold; w ine and fine liquor turn into vinegar and cannot be drunk; the grain in your store house becomes moldy and cannot be eaten. Furthermore,you heavily tax the people and do not share any of the gains w ith the starving. Accumulating goods and making no use out of them is disastrous. If indeed one fails to safeguard these accumulated goods,then one w ill be targeted by the inferiors’ revenge. Worse,if one is unaware that one has failed to safeguard the goods,and the goods lie about w ithout being distributed among the people,then people w ill certainly take the initiative and distribute these goods by themselves. Therefore,nothing is better for the ruler of the people than to make demands on himself rather than on the people.”

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注釋

[1]Add 路 before 寢 (JS,146/2).

[2]The Shijing,244/123/29,reads 仕 instead of 事 and 詒 instead of 貽.