1.23 [23] 景公從畋十八日不返國晏子諫

齊景公田獵十八天不返回國都，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公畋于署梁，十有八日而不返。晏子自國往見公。比至，衣冠不正，不革衣冠，望游而馳。公望見晏子，下而急帶曰：“夫子何為遽〔乎〕？國家〔得〕無有故乎？”晏子對曰：“不亦急也！雖然，嬰愿有復也。國人皆以君為安野而不安國，好獸而惡民，毋乃不可乎？”公曰：“何哉？（吾）為夫婦獄訟之不正乎？則泰士子牛存矣；為社稷宗廟之不享乎？則泰祝子游存矣；為諸侯賓客莫之應乎？則行人子羽存矣；為田野之不辟，倉庫之不實〔乎〕？則申田存焉；為國家之有余不足聘乎？則吾子存矣。寡人之有五子，猶心之有四支，心有四支，故心得佚焉。今寡人有五子，故寡人得佚焉，豈不可哉！”晏子對曰：“嬰聞之，與君言異。若乃心之有四支，而心得佚焉，〔則〕可（得）；令四支無心，十有八日，不亦久乎！”公于是罷畋而歸。

【今譯】

齊景公到署梁去打獵，過了十八天還沒有返回國都。晏子從國都出發去見景公。到了署梁，衣冠不整也不收拾，望見游獵的隊伍就快馬馳去。景公遠遠看見了晏子，趕忙下馬束緊腰帶，問道：“您怎么這樣急匆匆的？難道國內出了什么變故嗎？”晏子回答說：“也沒什么急事！即便這樣，我還是想向您匯報。國內的人都覺得您喜歡在野外打獵而不喜歡在都城內處理政務，喜歡野獸而厭惡百姓，這恐怕不可以吧？”景公說：“為什么呢？是因為我審理夫妻間的訴訟案件不公正嗎？那泰士子牛在呀；是因為社稷與宗廟沒有得到祭祀嗎？那泰祝子游在呀；是因為諸侯賓客的事宜沒人處理嗎？那行人子羽在呀；是因為土地沒有開辟，倉庫中的糧食不夠充足嗎？那申田在呀；是因為國家的盈余不足無人管理嗎？那有您在呀。我有你們五位輔佐，就像人的心有四肢一樣，心有了四肢，所以心能得到安逸?，F在我有你們五位大臣輔佐，所以我也能得到安逸，怎么不可以呢！”晏子回答道：“我所聽說的和您說的不一樣。如果說心有四肢而能得到安逸，這是可以的；但讓四肢失去心十八天，不是太久了嗎！”景公于是停止田獵回到國都。

Duke Jing went hunting in Shuliang^[2] and he did not return for eighteen days. Yanzi left the capital and went to see the Duke. When he arrived,his gown and headgear were aw ry,but he did not tie the belts of the gown and the headgear. When Yanzi saw the tassels of the Duke’s flags,he galloped towards him.

When the Duke saw Yanzi,he stepped down from his chariot,hurriedly fastened his belt and said: “Master,why you are in such a rush,is there any alarming situation in the state?”

Yanzi answered: “Surely there is no emergency; and yet,I would like to report to you as follows: A ll the people in the state think that you,my Lord,are more at ease in the open fields than in the capital,and that you are fond of w ild animals and dislike the people. Is that not unacceptable?”

The Duke said: “What can you possibly mean? Is it because of the unjust settlement of legal suits between man and w ife? For that matter,Ziniu,the Judge,is there.^[3] Is it because sacrifices are not offered at the altars of soils and grain,and in the ancestral temples? For that matter,Ziyou,the Senior Invocator,is there.^[4] Is it because there is no one who receives the regional princes and official guests? For that matter,Ziyu,the Master of Protocol,is there. Is it because the fields are not cultivated and because the granaries are not full? For that matter,the Manager of Agriculture is there.^[5] Is it because of surpluses or shortages in the state?^[6] For that matter,you,my Master,are there. M y having these five masters is like the heart having four limbs. It is because the heart has four limbs that it can relax. It is because I now have five masters that I can relax. How could this not be proper?”

Yanzi said: “What I have heard is different from what you have said. As for the heart having four limbs and relaxing—this may well be. But if the four limbs are made to exist without the heart for eighteen days,is this not too long?”

Thereupon,the Duke stopped the hunt and came home.

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注釋

[1]Item 1.23 [23] ? Hanshi waizhuan,10.20/77/4.

[2]An unidentified place.

[3]泰 士→大 士 (JS,856/15). The Hanshi waizhuan,ibid,reads 大理 Chamberlain for Law Enforcement.

[4]泰?！笞?(JS,86/16).

[5]申田 is not a name of a person. 申 is interchangeable w ith 司,and therefore 申田 is identical to 司田 (“Manager of Agriculture”),an official title in the state of Qi. See Guanzi,8.2/66/7.

[6]Erase 聘 (JS,87/20).