1.22 [22] 景公將伐宋夢二丈夫立而怒晏子諫

齊景公將要討伐宋國夢見兩個人怒視自己，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公舉兵將伐宋，師過泰山，公夢見二丈夫立而怒，其怒甚盛。公恐，覺，辟門召占瞢者，至。公曰：“今夕吾夢二丈夫立而怒，不知其所言，其怒甚盛，吾猶識其狀，識其聲。”占瞢者曰：“師過泰山而不用事，故泰山之神怒也。請趣召祝史祠乎泰山則可。”公曰：“諾。”明日，晏子朝見，公告之如占瞢之言也。公曰：“占夢者之言曰：‘師過泰山而不用事，故泰山之神怒也。’今使人召祝史祠之。”晏子俯有間，對曰：“占夢者不識也，此非泰山之神，是宋之先，湯與伊尹也。”公疑，以為泰山神。晏子曰：“公疑之，則嬰請言湯、伊尹之狀也。湯質(zhì)皙而長，顏以髯，兌上〔而〕豐下，倨身而揚聲。”公曰：“然，是已。”“伊尹黑而短，蓬而髯，豐上〔而〕兌下，僂身而下聲。”公曰：“然，是已。今若何？”晏子曰：“夫湯、太甲、武丁、祖乙，天下之盛君也，不宜無后。今惟宋耳，而公伐之，故湯、伊尹怒，請散師以平宋。”景公不用，終伐宋。晏子（公）曰：“伐無罪之國，以怒明神，不易行以續(xù)蓄，進師以近過，非嬰所知也。師若果進，軍必有殃。”軍進再舍，鼓毀將殪。公乃辭乎晏子，散師，不果伐宋。

【今譯】

齊景公起兵要去討伐宋國，大軍經(jīng)過泰山時，景公夢見兩個人怒氣沖沖地站在自己面前，氣得很厲害。景公恐懼，從夢中驚醒，連忙關(guān)上門并悄悄召來解夢的人。景公說：“今夜我夢見兩個人怒氣沖沖地站在我面前，不知道他們說了什么，只看見他們氣得很厲害，我還能記得他們的模樣，辨識出他們的聲音。”解夢的人說：“大軍路過泰山而不舉行祭祀，所以泰山的山神發(fā)怒了。請您趕快召見祝史祭祀泰山神就可以了。”景公說：“好。”第二天，晏子來朝見景公，景公把解夢人的話告訴了晏子。景公說：“解夢人講：‘大軍路過泰山而不祭祀，所以泰山的山神發(fā)怒了。’現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)派人命令祝史去祭祀泰山山神了。”晏子低頭想了一會兒，回答道：“解夢的人不清楚，這兩個人不是泰山的山神，而是宋國的先祖，商湯和伊尹。”景公不相信，認為他們就是泰山神。晏子說：“您如果不信的話，那就讓我描述一下商湯和伊尹的相貌吧。商湯皮膚白皙，身材高大，臉長有胡須，臉型上窄下豐，身體微曲但說話聲音洪亮。”景公說：“是的，就是這樣。”晏子又說：“伊尹皮膚黑個子矮，頭發(fā)蓬松而有胡須，額頭寬闊下巴略尖，身形佝僂，說話聲音低沉。”景公說：“是的，就是這樣。那現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該怎么辦呢？”晏子說：“商湯、太甲、武丁、祖乙，這都是天下有名的圣君，不應(yīng)該絕后。現(xiàn)在（他們的后裔）只有宋國，您卻派兵去征討，所以商湯和伊尹發(fā)怒，請您撤回軍隊和宋國和好吧。”景公不聽晏子的諫言，終于伐宋。晏子說：“討伐無罪的國家來激怒神明，不改變伐宋的行為來和宋國重修舊好，進軍就是靠近災(zāi)禍，這樣的做法不是我所能理解的。軍隊如果堅持前進，那么士兵們一定會遭殃。”軍隊前進了六十里，果然鼓毀將亡。景公于是向晏子表示謝意，撤回軍隊，不再繼續(xù)伐宋。

Duke Jing raised an army and was about to attack Song. When the army was passing Mount Tai,^[2] he saw in his dream two men standing before him w ith a furious expression on their faces—their fury was extreme. The Duke woke up in fear,closed the door and summoned the diviner of dreams,who arrived.

The Duke said: “Tonight I dreamed that two men stood before me with a furious expression on their faces,and I did not understand their words. Their fury was extreme. I still retain their looks and voices in my mind.”

The diviner of dreams said: “Your army passed Mount Tai w ithout offering a sacrifice and therefore the spirits of the mountain are angry. Please immediately summon the Invocator and the Scribe to offer a sacrifice at Mount Tai and then everything w ill be in order.”

The Duke said: “Very well.”

The next day,Yanzi was received for an audience and the Duke told him what the diviner of dreams had said.

The Duke said: “These were the words of the diviner of dreams: ‘Your army was passing along M ount Tai and you did not offer a sacrifice. Therefore,the spirits of Mount Tai are angry.’ Now I am sending someone to summon the Invocator and the Scribe to offer a sacrifice to the spirits.”

Yanzi bowed his head for a short while and replied: “This was beyond the understanding of the diviner of dreams. These were not the spirits of Mount Tai,but rather Tang and Yi Yin,the ancestors of Song.”^[3]

The Duke remained skeptical and continued to think of them as the spirits of Mount Tai.

Yanzi said: “If you are skeptical,my Lord,then please let me describe the figures of Tang and Yi Yin. Tang had pale skin and was tall. He had whiskers on his chin.^[4] The upper part of his face was narrow^[5] and the lower part broad. He had upright posture and a high voice.”

The Duke said: “Right,that’s the one.”

“Yi Yin had dark skin and was short. He had disheveled hair and whiskers. The upper part of his face was broad and the lower part narrow.^[6] He had a humpback and a low voice.”

The Duke said: “Right,that’s the one. What should be done now?”

Yanzi said: “Tang,Taijia,Wuding and Zuyi^[7] were mighty rulers of the world and it is improper that they have no successors. Yet,their successors have only Song,and you are going to attack it,my Lord. Therefore,Tang and Yi Yin are furious. Please disband your troops and make peace w ith Song.”

Duke Jing did not heed the advice and ultimately attacked Song.

Yanzi said: “To attack a guiltless state and to infuriate the illustrious spirits thereby; to refuse to change a pattern of action and thereby to continue to accumulate distresses; to advance armies and in so doing suffer great misfortune^[8]—all these are beyond my understanding. If in fact your army does advance,this w ill certainly have a disastrous effect on the troops.”

The troops advanced to a distance that required camping for two nights;^[9] then,the drums were smashed and the general died.

Thereupon,the Duke apologized to Yanzi,disbanded the troops,and ultimately did not attack Song.

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注釋

[1]Cf. Lunheng,63/278/4.

[2]One of the Five Sacred Peaks (五岳): M ount Tai 泰山 in Shandong (East); Mount Heng 衡山 in Hunan (South); Mount Hua 華山 in Shaanxi (West); Mount Heng 恒山 in Shanxi (North) and Mount Song 嵩山 in Henan (Center).

[3]Tang is Emperor Cheng Tang. Yi Yin was his worthy m inister.

[4]頤→顏 (YZCQ-ICS ,9,n. 2).

[5]銳→兌 ( YZCQ-ICS,9,n.3).

[6]銳→兌 ( YZCQ-ICS,10,n.1).

[7]Tang 湯 (1766–1754 BCE),Taijia 太甲 (1753–1721 BCE),Wuding 武丁 (1324–1266 BCE) and Zuyi 祖乙 (1525–1507 BCE) w ere famous Emperors of the Shang (Yin) dynasty and the ancient forefathers of the State of Song.

[8]過→禍,(JS,83/16).

[9]She 舍: a distance of about thirty li 里,or the area of a night encampment for the troops.