1.9 [9] 景公愛嬖妾隨其所欲晏子諫

齊景公寵愛嬖妾順從她的欲望，晏子進(jìn)諫

【原文】

翟王子羨臣于景公，以重駕，公觀之而不說也。嬖人嬰子欲觀之，公曰：“及晏子寢病也。”居囿中臺上以觀之，嬰子說之，因?yàn)橹堅(jiān)唬骸昂竦撝　惫S諾。晏子起病而見公，公曰：“翟王子羨之駕，寡人甚說之，請使之示乎？”晏子曰：“駕御之事，臣無職焉。”公曰：“寡人一樂之，是欲祿之以萬鐘，其足乎？”對曰：“昔衛(wèi)士東野之駕也，公說之，嬰子不說，公曰不說，遂不觀。今翟王子羨之駕也，公不說，嬰子說，公因說之；為請，公許之，則是婦人為制也。且不樂治人，而樂治馬，不厚祿賢人，而厚祿御夫。昔者先君桓公之地狹于今，修法治，廣政教，以霸諸侯。今君一諸侯無能親也，歲兇年饑，道途死者相望也。君不此憂恥，而惟圖耳目之樂，不修先君之功烈，而惟飾駕御之伎，則公不顧民而忘國甚矣。且《詩》曰：‘載驂載駟，君子所（誡）〔屆〕。’夫駕八，固非制也，今又重此，其為非制也，不滋甚乎？且君茍美樂之，國必眾為之，田獵則不便，道行致遠(yuǎn)則不可，然而用馬數(shù)倍，此非御下之道也。淫于耳目，不當(dāng)民務(wù)，此圣王之所禁也。君茍美樂之，諸侯必或效我，君無厚德善政以被諸侯，而易之以僻，此非所以子民、彰名、致遠(yuǎn)、親鄰國之道也。且賢良廢滅，孤寡不振，而聽嬖妾以祿御夫以蓄怨，與民為讎之道也。《詩》曰：‘哲夫成城，哲婦傾城。’今君不思成城之求，而惟傾城之務(wù)，國之亡日至矣。君其圖之！”公曰：“善。”遂不復(fù)觀，乃罷歸翟王子羨，而疏嬖人嬰子。

【今譯】

翟王之子羨當(dāng)了齊景公的臣子，因?yàn)橛贸^禮儀制度規(guī)定的馬匹數(shù)駕車，景公看到后很不高興。景公的寵妾嬰子想看翟王子羨駕車，景公說：“等到晏子臥病在床的時(shí)候吧。”（等晏子病倒了）二人在養(yǎng)馬的園子的高臺上觀看翟王子羨駕車，嬰子很高興，因而為翟王子羨請求說：“請您多多增加他的俸祿吧！”景公答應(yīng)了。晏子病好之后去見景公，景公說：“翟王之子羨駕車，我很喜歡，讓他表演給您看看可以嗎？”晏子說：“駕御車馬的事，不是我的職分。”景公說：“我喜歡他駕車，想給他萬鐘的俸祿，足夠了嗎？”晏子說：“從前衛(wèi)國的東野善于駕車，您喜歡，而嬰子不喜歡，您也說不喜歡，就不去觀看。現(xiàn)在翟王子羨駕車，您不喜歡，嬰子喜歡，您也說喜歡；（嬰子）替他求情，您就答應(yīng)，這是您被婦人挾制了。況且您不熱衷于處理百姓的事，而熱衷于觀看車馬，不厚待賢良的人，卻厚待駕車的車夫。從前先代國君桓公當(dāng)政時(shí)，（齊國的）疆域比現(xiàn)在小，（但桓公）修訂法治，推廣政教，從而稱霸諸侯。現(xiàn)在您沒能讓一個(gè)諸侯親附齊國。每年都有天災(zāi)，每年都有饑民，道路上餓死的人四處可見。您不為此感到擔(dān)憂和羞恥，反而只追求娛樂消遣，不效法先代君王的功業(yè)，只追求裝飾車駕的技藝，您也太不顧百姓的死活和國家的興衰了。況且《詩經(jīng)》上說：‘用三匹或者四匹馬駕車，君子來臨。’用八匹馬駕車，本來就不符合古代的制度規(guī)定，現(xiàn)在又加倍如此，這種不守古制的做法，不就更嚴(yán)重了嗎？況且您如果以重駕為美而樂于這樣做，那么國內(nèi)必然有很多人效仿，這樣既不便于打獵，也不便于遠(yuǎn)行，然而使用的馬匹卻是以前的幾倍，這不是統(tǒng)御臣民的方法。只追求聲色消遣，不關(guān)注國家和百姓的事務(wù)，這是賢明的國君所禁止的。您如果喜歡這樣做，諸侯中也一定有人效仿，您沒有深厚的德行和良好的政策來惠澤諸侯，卻代之以違背禮法的邪僻之行，這不是用來愛護(hù)百姓、彰顯名聲、招延遠(yuǎn)人、親善鄰國的方法。況且賢良之人停置不用，孤寡之人愈加困苦，卻聽信姬妾之言厚祿車夫來積蓄怨恨，這是和人民結(jié)仇的做法。《詩經(jīng)》上說：‘有智謀的男人可以安邦定國，聰慧的女人可以使國家傾覆。’現(xiàn)在您不去考慮興國安邦，卻只做取悅姬妾敗壞國家的事，國家滅亡的日子就要到了。請您認(rèn)真考慮啊！”景公說：“好。”于是不再觀賞駕車，并遣退了翟王子羨，疏遠(yuǎn)了愛妾嬰子。

Xian,the Prince of Di,^[1] who was serving Duke Jing as a minister,drove a chariot pulled by tw ice the usual number of horses.^[2] The Duke saw the chariot and was displeased. When the Duke’s favorite concubine,Yingzi,expressed her desire to see the chariot,he said: “As long as Yanzi lies ill in bed.” Then they took seats on a terrace inside the park and viewed the chariot from there. Yingzi was pleased and she therefore asked the Duke: “Give the Prince a generous emolument!” The Duke agreed.

When Yanzi rose from his sick bed,he went for an audience w ith the Duke. The Duke said: “I was very pleased w ith the chariot of Xian,prince of Di. Shall I ask him to display it for you?”

Yanzi said: “The business of driving a chariot does not pertain to my duties.”

The Duke said: “I considered it praiseworthy and took pleasure in it^[3] and so I would like to grant him an emolument of ten-thousand zhong of grain. Is this enough?”

Yanzi answered: “Formerly,you were pleased w ith the chariot of Dongye,an officer from Wei,but Yingzi was displeased. For this reason,^[4] my Lord,you said that you were displeased w ith it too,and therefore did not look at it any longer. Just recently you were displeased w ith the chariot of Xian,Prince of Di,but Yingzi was pleased with it. For this reason,you too are now pleased w ith it,and you have approved her request. This means that a woman is making the rules. Moreover,you do not enjoy ruling people but you enjoy ruling horses. You do not grant generous emoluments to the worthy,you grant it to a charioteer. In the days of our former ruler,Duke Huan’s domain^[5] was smaller than it is today. He instituted a system of laws and extended political order and moral cultivation,thereby becoming the overlord of all the regional princes. But now you,my Lord,have failed to cultivate a close relationship with even a single regional prince; it is a year of natural catastrophes and famine,and the roads are covered w ith corpses staring at each other. Yet you,my Lord,are not worried,nor do you feel shame about this,but you only seek titillation of the eye and ear. You do not promote our former ruler’s outstanding accomplishments,but rather are preoccupied only w ith the skill of charioteering. Hence,you have not paid attention to the people,and you have exceeded in neglecting the interests of the state. As it says in the Odes:

Driving teams of three,teams of four,

The princes are coming.^[6]

Driving a chariot of eight horses certainly violates this rule; now,is not doubling this number of horses an even greater violation of that rule? Furthermore,if you,my Lord,really consider this beautiful and enjoy it,then certainly there w ill be numerous others in the state who w ill do the same. Hunting w ill therefore be difficult,and it w ill be impossible to come from afar via the roads. Under such circumstances,the number of horses needed for your service w ill be multiplied several times. This is certainly the w rong way to hold the reins of power. The sage-kings prohibited indulging in excessive sensual pleasure and not addressing the affairs of the people. If you,my Lord,indeed consider the chariot beautiful and enjoy it,then certainly some among the regional princes will follow our example. M y Lord,trying to benefit the regional princes while lacking substantial virtues and good government yourself,and then substituting such virtues for depraved actions is not the way to tend to people as if they were your children,nor the way to earn yourself a glow ing reputation,nor the way to make people come from afar to your country,nor the way to promote close ties w ith the neighboring states. Moreover,the worthy and the good have been abandoned and have perished,w idow s and orphans have not been supported,yet on advice of your favorite concubine you give a charioteer a generous emolument; so that resentment accumulates. This is the way to make the people your enemies. As it says in the Odes:

A clever man rears a city wall;

A clever woman brings it down.^[7]

Now you,my Lord,do not apply yourself to prom oting^[8] the construction of the city wall,but rather are preoccupied only w ith its destruction. The day of the downfall of your state is at hand. M y Lord,give it your careful consideration!”

The Duke said: “Well argued.” Thereupon,he did not look at the chariot again. He dismissed Xian,Prince of Di,sending him back home,and distanced himself from his favorite concubine,Yingzi.

---

注釋

[1]Di 翟 is identical with Di 狄–i.e.,the Di people in the North.

[2]I.e.,16 horses,as indicated later in this item.

[3]一→美 (JS,34/5).

[4]曰→因 (YZCQ-ICS,4,n. 4).

[5]Duke Huan (桓公) reigned in Qi between 685 and 643 BCE. He was the first among the regional princes of the Chunqiu period w ho became a Ba 霸–“Overlord,”“Hegemon,” or “Lord Protector.” For a detailed analysis of Ba 霸,see Taeko A. Brooks,“Evolution of the Ba 霸 ‘Hegemon’ Theory;” Warring States Papers,1 (2010): 220-26; John Knoblock,Xunzi: A Translation and Study of the Complete Works. Stanford: Stanford University Press,(1990): vol. 2,140-146; John S. Major,et al.,trs. The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China. Translations from the Asian Classics. New York: Columbia University Press (2010): 869-870.

[6]Shijing,222/109/24.

[7]Shijing,264/140/31.

[8]免→勉 (JS,37/21).