List 4

v. 1 仔細思考 2 顯示；反映 3 反射

例 McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. 麥吉說沒有找到下家就辭職讓他有時間去思考他想要經營什么類型的公司。

n. 1 深思 2 反射 3 倒影 4 反映；體現

例1 The intellectuals may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgement. 這些知識分子可能擅長教書，而且不僅僅是為了掙錢，但是他們大多數人對涉及道德判斷的人類問題很少或者根本沒有進行獨立思考。

例2 "I don't think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion," says Epley. "It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves." “我認為我們得到的研究結果不能證明這是個人錯覺。”埃普利說。“這只不過是人們普遍自我感覺良好的一種體現。”

n. 收益，收入；稅收

例 Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues. 部長們還應該考慮提高房屋租賃市場的穩定性，這將對那些已注冊的租賃服務提供商把營業收入投入到新開發的項目的能力產生重大影響。

adj. 相當大的

例 Part-time students make up a sizable proportion of the college population. 非全日制學生在大學生總人數中占很大的比例。

v. 1 起草，草擬 2 征召…入伍 n. 草稿；草案

例 In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17th of May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning". 在5月17日會議上討論的建議序言草案中，夏皮羅表示，專家組已取得廣泛的共識，認為“試圖利用成人細胞核去克隆嬰兒將是違背道德倫理的”。

n. 營養（作用）；營養學；營養品

例 Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. 心理健康無法通過學習而獲得，只能重新喚起。它就像身體的免疫系統一樣，若承受壓力，或缺乏營養、缺少鍛煉，就會變得很虛弱，但是并不會離開我們。

v. 應付，對付，處理

例 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. 自人類的創造力萌芽開始至今，人們發明了日益巧妙的工具來處理那些危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是令人討厭的工作。

v. 計算；估算

例1 His failure to compute correctly resulted in an explosion. 由于他計算錯誤而造成了一起爆炸事件。

例2 Statistics tells us how to compute measures such as averages or deviations. 統計學告訴我們如何計算（一定的）量，比如平均值和偏差數。

n. （媒體或公眾的）關注；報道；宣傳，推廣

例 Standards in education have received much publicity over the last few years. 最近幾年教育水平受到了很大的關注。

v. 使隔離；使孤立

例 There is pressure for change from within the lawyer profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. 律師行業內部有要求變革的呼聲，但是，管理層中一些反對變革的人士卻堅持認為，不讓非執業律師進入律師事務所是為了不讓律師為掙錢發愁，從而一心一意地為客戶服務。

adj. 1 巨大的；很大的 2 很棒的，極好的

例 It's worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. 記住，盡管剛打印出來的無修改痕跡的稿件看起來也許很棒，但文章的可讀性只取決于在思考與寫作過程中投入的努力。

v. 敦促；力勸 n. 強烈的欲望；迫切的要求；沖動

例 Professor Dinesh Bhugra also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals—areas within which takeaways cannot open. 迪內希·胡格拉教授還敦促委員會在學校和醫院周邊實行“無快餐區域”，在該區域內不能開設外賣餐館。

adj. 多個的；多種的

例 Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system. 超越“非對即錯”的文化戰爭邏輯，意味著要開放中間地帶，以及認識到當今的移民管理體系需要多種途徑、多種結果，包括一些在現有制度下通過法律難以達成的途徑和結果。

n. 痕跡；蹤跡 v. 1 查出；仔細尋找 2 追溯 3 描摹，描繪

例1 After The Pickwick Papers, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. 繼《匹克威克外傳》之后，狄更斯的視角轉向了一個更加陰冷的世界。在《霧都孤兒》中，他講述了一個孤兒從工廠學徒到誤入倫敦賊窟的悲慘歷程。

例2 Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 在此，達爾文主義似乎給出了一種合理的說法，因為如果全人類的起源都相同，那么似乎有理由認為文化多樣性可以追溯到的源頭范圍也更為有限。

adj. 可追蹤的；可追溯的

例 Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. 很難說布魯克斯女士是否懷疑過她的記者們是如何獲取新聞報道的素材的，但她不曾詢問過，不曾給過任何指示——也不曾得到任何可追溯的、有記錄的回答。

n. 路徑；軌道v. 跟蹤

例 It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean's largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. 現在已經很難找到海洋中最大的動物藍鯨的蹤跡了。商業捕鯨幾乎使它們滅絕了，因而現在藍鯨被列為瀕危物種。

adj. 非常小的

例 And thanks to the continual miniaturisation of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimetre accuracy. 由于電子和微型機械儀器的日益袖珍化，現在已有一些機器人系統能夠進行幾種精確到亞毫米的腦部和骨科手術。

v. 1 采用；采取 2 收養；領養

例 The bill would force employers to adopt a quota system when recruiting workers. 該法案將迫使雇主在招聘工人時采取限額制度。

adj. 穩固的；穩定的 v. 使穩定

例 According to the survey, there has been a steady increase from 67.77%to 71.93%of students from freshmen to juniors holding temporary jobs, while the percentage of seniors working part-time has jumped markedly to 88.24%. 據調查，從大一到大三，有兼職工作的學生的百分比從67.77%穩定上升到71.93%，而有兼職工作的大四學生的百分比則急劇上升到了88.24%。

n. 半球

例 Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the oil price higher still in the short term. 強勁的經濟增長勢頭，加上北半球冬季的到來，有可能在短期內將石油價格推高。

n. 數量；數額

例 Under these circumstances, Okuley must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. 在這種情況下，奧庫利必須儲備大量的糧食，而不是立刻消耗掉所有糧食。

v. 提高，提升

例 Immigrants are quickly fitting into American common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 移民很快地融入美國大眾文化之中，這種現象也許不會從整體上提升美國文化，但對美國文化也幾乎沒有害處。

n. 高度；海拔；提升

例 The severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean. 嚴寒低溫隨緯度、海拔和距海洋遠近的不同而不同。

adj. 地理（學）的

例 The geographic languages are very important media for human beings to explore the earth environment and to exchange geographic information. 地理學語言是人類探索地球環境和交流地理信息的重要媒介。

n. 熱情；熱愛

例 No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. 沒有哪門學科像人文學科這樣，對專業化傾注如此多的熱情。

n. 1 觀點，看法 2 視角，角度

例 To understand the different aspects of the cultural life, anthropologists used a holistic viewpoint and systematic research methods. 為理解文化生活的不同方面，人類學家們采用了整體的視野與系統的研究方法。

adj. 首要的；最好的 n. 盛年；全盛時期 v. 使做好準備

例1 When Hoffa's Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. 1960年，霍法領導的卡車司機聯盟處于鼎盛時期，只有10%的美國政府工作者加入了工會，而現在這個比例達到了36%。

例2 The snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 per cent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. 對快速刺激做出瞬間決策不僅限于人際交往范疇。多倫多大學的心理學家發現，盯著一個快餐商標看上幾毫秒就會讓我們做好將閱讀速度提高20%的準備，盡管閱讀和吃飯之間幾乎沒有什么關聯。

v. 展現；揭露，透露

例 The story content and structure are thought to reveal the leading character's attitudes, views and inner conflicts. 人們認為，故事的內容和結構會揭示主人公的態度、看法以及內心的矛盾。

n. 被揭露的真相；揭露，披露

例 One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. 令人吃驚的真相之一是，麗貝卡·布魯克斯竟然對發生在其新聞工作室的事情知之甚少，她竟然幾乎從未加以過問，而實際上她也從不詢問這些新聞報道的來源。

n. 資源（常用復數）；財力

例 This article will discuss about the meaning of government's public service and the adjustment of government's function, the idea of public service, the safeguard of financial resource and its providing way, etc. 本文將對政府公共服務的內涵、政府職能的調整、公共服務的理念、財政資源的保障及其提供方式等問題進行探討。

v. 總結，概括

例 This article analyses and summarises the theories of new urban districts development from the viewpoints of economy, society, and environment. 這篇文章從經濟、社會和環境三個角度分析總結了城市新區開發的理論體系。

adj. 裸體的；裸露的；無遮蓋的

例 Through his telescope he could see millions of stars that were invisible to the naked eye. 通過望遠鏡他可以看見數以百萬計的肉眼看不見的星星。

n.1 視野 2 想象；幻想 3 展望 v. 想象

例1 Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. 對于巨額財富的想象通常是對名車、豪宅的憧憬。然而，購買這些物質所帶來的滿足感常常很快就會消失殆盡。

例2 A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer." 一名衛生部的發言人說：“我們需要為公共健康創造新的愿景，全社會都能為健康長壽行動起來。”

adj. 1 有遠見的，有眼光的 2 空想的 n. 有遠見的人

例 The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 20世紀下半葉，各路英才、勇士、企業家以及有遠見卓識的人經過努力創造了一種絕妙的機器，這種機器兼有打字機和印刷機、制片廠和影劇院、畫筆和畫廊、鋼琴和收音機以及郵件和郵遞員的功能。

n. 統計數字；統計學

例 The television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50%took a loss in 1989. 要在電視行業里生存下來并非易事，統計數字尤其說明了這一事實。在80家歐洲網絡電視公司中，有多達一半在1989年是虧損的。

adj. 統計的；統計學的

例 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. 《科學》雜志的主編馬西婭·麥克納特今天宣布，該雜志將在同行評審程序中額外增加一輪統計數據核查。

n. 統計學家；統計員

例 Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place". 沃克斯說，《科學》雜志把一些論文交由統計學家審查的想法有一定的優點，但是缺點在于，它首先要依賴評審編輯委員會來區分‘哪些論文需要接受審查’。

v. 發現；查明；測出；發覺

例 Darwin points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 達爾文指出，在簡潔明了地表達自己的觀點時，他總會遇到很大的困難。但是他認為，正是這種困難起到了彌補作用，迫使他長時間專注地思考每個句子，從而使他能在推理和親自觀察中發現錯誤。

n. 探測器，檢測器

例 Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. 考古學家也可使用地面雷達、磁場記錄和金屬探測儀等技術手段來確定一些被掩埋遺跡的具體位置。

adj. 自愿的 n. 志愿行動

例 The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. 自愿從事兼職工作的問題和奧巴馬醫改有關，因為醫改的主要目的之一便是讓人們在無業的情況下也能獲取醫療保險。

adj. 聯邦的

例 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 雖然警示語常常是合理而必要的——比如關于藥物相互作用的風險的警示語——并且很多是州或聯邦法規所要求的，但是當有消費者受傷，這些警示語能否真正保護制造商和銷售商使之免責，這還很難說。

adj. 明確的，清楚的

例 During the experiment, we need to record sufficient data to enable definite conclusions to be reached. 實驗過程中，我們需要記錄足夠多的數據以便得出明確的結論。

n. 摩天大樓

例 The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. 頂級律師掙得盆滿缽滿，這吸引了更多學生扎堆似地涌入法學院。

v. 進口

n. 1 進口 2 重要性

例 The financial development is of great import to the economic growth, and as a new perspective of financial research, the financial ecological impact on the role of regional economic growth also can not be overlooked. 金融發展對于經濟增長十分重要，而作為金融研究的一個新角度，金融生態對區域經濟增長的影響作用也是不容小視的。

n. 進口；引進

例 The extensive cooperation with foreign companies and separate importation channel ensure the economic prices of the products. 多年來同外商的廣泛合作和獨立的進口渠道保證了該類產品的經濟價位。

v. 全神貫注；集中

例 Through the perfect cooperation between us, now the company can concentrate on producing more superior products, thus benefiting each customer. 通過我們雙方的完美合作，目前該公司能夠專注于生產開發更優質的產品，從而惠及每位顧客。

n. 合同

v. 1 訂合同；簽合同 2 收縮

例 Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 那些被迫練習微笑表情的人比那些雙唇緊閉、眉頭緊鎖的人在看幽默漫畫時表現得更加熱情，這說明表情可能會影響情緒，而不僅僅是情緒影響表情。

n. 1 殖民地 2 群體，群落 3 聚居地

例 The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. 在追求公認的文明禮儀和精湛技能的過程中，新英格蘭殖民地發生了許多重要的事情。

adj. 殖民地的 n. 殖民地居民

例 According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits". 根據美國標準哲學史的記載，在美洲殖民地中，沒有其他任何地方能夠“如此重視對知識的追求”。

n. 殖民主義；殖民政策

例 Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 出生在舊政權和伊比利亞殖民主義的危機時期，許多倡導獨立的領袖都懷有這樣的理想，即組建代議制政府、任人唯賢、開展自由貿易、尊重私有財產權利以及堅信個人是社會的基礎。

n. 殖民地開拓者；殖民地定居者

例 The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 殖民者最先看到的是新大陸上茂密的樹林。

v. 堅決要求；堅決認為；（~on）堅持

例 The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations. 這些要求是在上周衛生部部長安德魯·蘭斯利發表言論后提出的，他堅持認為政府不能強迫民眾做健康選擇，并且承諾讓企業不受公共衛生條例的制約。

n. 滿足，滿意

例 The question could not be resolved, at least not to my satisfaction. 這個難題無法解決，至少達不到讓我滿意的地步。

n. 傳記作者

例 As any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. 如同任何一位傳記作家所知道的那樣，一個人的早期生活以及當時的際遇常常是他最大的財富。

v. 伸展，伸出；撐開 n. 連續的一段時間

例 Listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavours. 長時間用耳機聽同一種單調的節奏會讓孩子沉浸在自己的幻想里，而不致力于其他追求。

v. 1 注意到；觀察 2 遵守

例1 Facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. 世界上所有的真相都在等待那些實事求是的研究人員去觀察和收集，他們會用科學的方法去做研究工作。

例2 I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. 我發現大多數妻子期望丈夫首先是她們的聊天伙伴，但很少有丈夫對妻子抱有同樣的期望，這是哈克早在多年前就已經注意到的事實。

n. 觀察者

例 In the U.S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. 在美國和加拿大，死亡權利運動正在積蓄力量，觀察者們正在等待多米諾骨牌開始倒下。

n. 1 觀察 2 評論

例 The researchers said most information in the report was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour. 研究人員稱，報告中的大部分信息是通過直接觀察動物的行為收集到的。

n. 天文臺

例 The Royal Greenwich Observatory was founded to observe and catalogue the stars. 當初創立皇家格林尼治天文臺就是為了觀察星體并對其進行編目。

v. 治愈 n. 療法

例 A number of recent advances hold out if not the hope of a cure, then at least the possibility of some drug which could stop the spread of the virus. 近來的一些進展即使不能提供治愈的希望，也至少有望研制出某種藥物來阻止病毒的傳播。

n. 聚光燈 v. 1 用聚光燈照 2 特別關注，突出報道

例 The programme spotlights financial problems in the health service. 該節目特別報道了醫療服務系統的財政問題。

adj. 有用的；方便的

例 Credit cards can be handy—they mean you do not have to carry large sums of cash. 信用卡很方便，有了它你就不用攜帶大量現金了。

n. 成見，偏見 v. 使有偏見；使偏心

例 The editors cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. 編輯們反復核查消息來源，他們更偏愛那些多角度探討的新聞，尤其是那些對所有偏見都持開放態度的新聞。

adj. 有偏見的

例 Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 烏里·西蒙松博士推測，不能考慮全局的決策者經常會因為其日常接觸到的片面信息而做出不公正的決定。

adj. 無偏見的，不偏不倚的，公正的

例 People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgements which are unbiased by external factors. 從總體上說，人們在做個人決策時對背景信息考慮不周。乍一看，能夠不受外界因素影響而做出沒有偏見的判斷似乎是一種優勢。

v. 1 擁抱 2 欣然接受 n. 擁抱

例 In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy." 為了能充分利用注意力和精力，我們也該給自己留出休息時間，或者如紐波特所說的“偷個懶”。

n. 名聲，名望，聲譽

例 Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him." 艾倫這本書的出彩之處還在于，書中指出：“ 環境并不造就人，而是使人得以彰顯自我。”

n. 參與者

例 Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhance the most （that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real） were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. 也沒有任何證據表明，那些自我提升最甚者（即那些認為美化程度最高的照片就是真實的自己的參與者）這樣做是為了彌補內心強烈的不安全感。

adj. 惡劣的，艱苦的；殘酷的，苛刻的

例 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. 鋼鐵工人、航空公司職員以及汽車產業內的工作人員都正在加入數以百萬計的家庭行列，這些家庭不得不擔心利率、股市波動以及退休金可能不夠他們養老的嚴峻現實。

n. 惡劣；殘酷

例 When he comes to realise the harshness of reality, he overcomes his desperation and expects an answer from the human nature. 當他發現現實的殘酷之后，他克服了自己的絕望情緒，寄希望于人性的回歸。

n. 情形，狀況；地位

例 Ordinary officers fired off a string of angry demands to the government, to improve their pay, status and conditions. 普通警員憤怒地向政府提出了增加工資、提高地位和改善條件的一連串要求。

n. 窩，穴 v. 筑巢

例 You can stimulate the dog's mental development by placing harmless yet novel toys or objects within the nest. 你可以在幼犬的窩中放置一些無害且新奇的玩具或物品來促進它們的智力發育。

n. 1 下水道 2 消耗，耗費 v. 使流走，使排出

例 This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. 這種“人才流失”現象長期困擾著貧窮國家的決策者們。

adj. 隨機的，任意的

例 This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. 該法案廢除了對聯邦陪審員特殊學歷的要求，并要求從社會各個階層的民眾中隨機挑選陪審員。

n. 緩解，減輕；精神慰藉，寬慰

例 To the anxious travellers, the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. 對于這些焦慮不安的旅行者來說，看到美國海岸的那一刻給他們帶來了幾乎無法表達的解脫。

n./v. 回報

例 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. 如果抱負要得到高度的重視，那么它的回報——財富、聲望、對個人命運的掌握——則必須被認為是值得為之做出犧牲的。

n. 1 尺寸，面積 2 方面 3 范圍

例 Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit （often unacknowledged） agenda to any act of reading. 這些層面的閱讀表明，任何一種閱讀行為都遵循一種隱性的（通常是未被注意到的）閱讀計劃，書中稍后介紹的其他閱讀層面也表明了這個事實。

n. 獎學金；學術研究

例 In order to visit all the students who had been awarded these travel scholarships, he had to travel to Yorkshire and other places which were new to him. 為了拜訪所有獲得過這些旅游獎學金的學生，他得出差去約克郡和其他對他來說陌生的地方。

adj. 最小的；最低的 n. 最小值；最少量

例 To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programmes, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 為了幫助無家可歸者走向自食其力，聯邦政府必須支持就業培訓項目，提高最低工資標準并資助建設更多的廉價房。

adj. 猛烈的；狂暴的；暴力的

例 Many cinema-goers were stunned by the film's violent and tragic end. 許多來看電影的人都被這部影片暴力而悲慘的結局所震驚。

v. 1 磨光，擦亮 2 潤色 n. 鞋油；亮漆

例 The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman". 日益貧困的家庭狀況迫使狄更斯12歲就輟學去了沃倫黑鞋油廠工作。在那里打工的男孩嘲笑他，說他是位“年輕的紳士”。

n. 暗示；提示 v. 暗示；透露

例 The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. 社區部長唐福斯特透露，財政大臣喬治·奧斯本可能會針對現行的地方政府住房借貸數額上限采取更多的彈性政策。

n. 1 暗示；暗指 2 可能的影響（或作用、結果）

例 Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect. 學者、決策者以及各類批評人士都討論了這些變化帶來的社會影響，但是很少有人關注這些變化產生的副作用。

n. 收縮 v. （使）縮小，收縮，縮水；畏縮

例 Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. 在面對國外競爭時，一些大型的美國工業產業，如消費電子產業，已經萎縮或完全消失了。

n. 縮小，收縮

例 Pollution led to a shrinkage of grasslands. 污染導致草原面積縮小。

n. 產量；輸出

例 Ultimately, the company agreed to keep up high levels of output in order to compensate for supplies lost. 這家公司最終同意保持高產量以彌補供貨方帶來的損失。

v. 把…切成（薄）片 n. 薄片，片

例 Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. 正常情況下，猴子很愿意用幾塊石頭換幾片黃瓜。

n. 心情，心境；情緒

例 Drugs that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behaviour are known as psychoactive substances. 影響中樞神經系統并改變感知、情緒和行為的藥物被稱為精神活性物質。

v. 證實；確定；批準

例 The refrigerator was delivered in a damaged condition, as confirmed by your delivery man. 冰箱運來時就已經損壞，你們的送貨員可以作證。

v. 1 提到，談到 2 參考，查看 3 涉及

例 When we refer to patterns in the context of cloud, we are referring to the encapsulation of installation, configuration, and integration activities that make deploying and managing environments in a cloud much easier. 當我們提到云環境中的模式時，我們指的是安裝、配置和集成活動的封裝，它使得云中的部署和管理環境更加容易。

n. 1 提及 2 參考書目 3 參考依據

例 Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. 批評家們還認為，商業性基因檢測是否可信主要取決于樣本要對比的參考數據庫是否強大。

n. 1 學費 2 講授；教學

例 From this autumn, the leading UK independent school is going to provide classes in leadership to Chinese students, using live online tuition. 從今年秋季開始，這家英國最好的私立學校將采用在線實時教學的方式向中國學生提供領導能力課程。

n. 圖像；形象 v. 想象

例 This instrument can translate data from maps or remote sensing instruments into images. 這種儀器可以把從地圖或遙感設備中得到的數據轉化為圖像。

v. 確定；查明；判定；決定

例 Typically, the researchers survey and sample （make test excavations on） large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. 研究者們基本上通過對大面積的地域進行調查和采集樣本（試探性挖掘）來確定在哪里挖掘能得到有用信息。

n. 決定論

例 Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 沃爾夫逐漸接受了某種語言決定論，該理論的極端說法是：語言禁錮了思想，其語法模式可以對社會文化產生深遠的影響。

n. 決心

例 The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. 資助機構的目標是支持“有益的”而非“有害的”的科學，這值得贊揚，但要有效斷定科學有益還是有害卻很困難。

n. 幻想；空想 v. 幻想

例 On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. 這里所展現的是各種奇思妙想的元素，從某些基本層面來看，它們的參照物似乎就是大自然。

adv. 嚴格地；絕對地

例 Mr McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. 麥克沃特先生認為正式語言并非完全不可或缺，也沒有提出要進行激進的教育改革——真正讓他哀嘆消失了的與其說是那些實用的東西，不如說是富有美感的東西。

adj. 果斷的；決定性的

例 Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when John Dane opened the Bible. 在約翰·戴恩打開《圣經》的那個決定性時刻，對于性的困惑、經濟上的挫敗和宗教的期望全都涌現出來了。

n. 面罩 v. 掩蓋；掩飾；遮蓋

例 The firm has already come under attack in Europe for selling derivatives to Greece that may have helped the country mask its financial problems. 該公司在歐洲飽受詬病，因為其曾向希臘出售金融衍生品，這可能幫助希臘掩飾了自身的財政危機。