List 2

v. 1 詮釋，闡明 2 插圖

例 The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. 很自然，這種趨勢在尤以數學或實驗室訓練為基礎的自然學科領域表現最為明顯，并且可以以英國的地質學發展為例證來說明。

n. 1 例證 2 插圖

例 Through illustration, graphic design and photography, this book shows how this culture has made its impact on our lives. 這本書通過插圖、繪畫設計和攝影展示了這種文化如何影響我們的生活。

n. 虛構文學；小說

例 The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. 當今技術的潛在發展及其所產生的社會影響非常復雜，或許最好的辦法是讓科幻小說家和未來學家去探索我們能想象到的種種可能。

adj. 城市的

例 Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work） and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. 日本的城市居民長期忍受著漫長的上下班路程和擁擠的居住條件，但是隨著舊的集體和家庭觀念的減弱，這種不適感開始顯現。

n. 城市化

例 Industrialisation and urbanisation are driving demand for aluminium for uses including construction, packaging, cars and aircraft. 工業化和城市化正推動建筑、包裝、汽車和飛機制造等領域對鋁的需求。

adv. 有點；在某種程度上

例 This phenomenon also somewhat reflects the difference between Chinese and Westerners in terms of overall diet culture. 這種現象也在某種程度上反映出中國人和西方人飲食文化的不同。

n. 靶子；目標 v. 把…作為目標；瞄準

例 The theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50%of its original levels. 從理論上看，當一個目標物種的生物量大約達到原始水平的50%時，漁場才能實現其最大化的可持續產量。

v. 1 經受，忍受 2 持續存在

例1 "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." 教育家室洋子說：“在日本，問題絕對不是你是否喜歡自己的工作和生活，而是你能承受多大的負荷。”

例2 The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? 化石記錄表明，許多物種已經存活了數百萬年之久，那么人類為何不可呢？

v. 1 航行；駕駛 2 導航 3 應付

例 Vessels and floating facilities that shall be scrapped in accordance with the provisions of the State shall not navigate or operate. 按照國家規定，應當報廢的船舶和浮動設施不得繼續航行或者作業。

adj. 1 生的 2 未經處理的，原始的

例 This germ is transmitted to humans primarily through raw or undercooked ground meat products and raw milk. 這種細菌主要通過生的或未煮熟的碎肉制品和生牛奶傳染給人類。

v. 1 調節 2 控制

例 Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". 目前，研究人員猜想夢是大腦情感自動調節系統的組成部分，當大腦處于“離線”狀態時，夢可以調整情緒。

n. 1 規定 2 管理

例 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 雖然警示語常常是合理而必要的——比如關于藥物相互作用的風險的警示語——并且很多是州或聯邦法規所要求的，但是當有消費者受傷，這些警示語能否真正保護制造商和銷售商使之免責，這還很難說。

v. 1 尋找 2 請求 3 試圖（~to）

例 The agency now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. 該機構現在正試圖終止生物醫學研究，因為理論認為動物有權利禁止自己被用于實驗。

n. 1 力量 2 長處 3 實力

例 It is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 顯而易見的是，一個國家的經濟實力與其工、農業生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高又依賴于各類科技人員的努力。

v. 加強；（使）變強

例 Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones. 任何經歷都能使你從中受益并讓你變得堅強，而那些比較艱難的經歷尤其如此。

n. 領域，區域，范圍

例 Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. 隨著學者們將已逝社會的多樣性一一剖開，全新的理解領域——從性別到種族再到文化研究——都向世人敞開了。

n. 混凝土 adj. 具體的，實在的

例 The anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 人類學中的“文化”概念就像數學中的“集合”概念一樣，是一個使大量的具體研究和理解成為可能的抽象概念。

adj. 1 后者的 2 末期的，后期的

例 The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS （U.S. Postal Service） and its union. 后一項措施將在很大程度上抵消每年預付退休人員醫療保健費用的財政負擔，從而解決美國郵政總局及其工會長期抱怨的問題。

adj. 奢侈的 n. 奢侈品

例 Living in a fast-paced world, a week by the sea is a luxury they can no longer afford. 生活在一個快節奏的世界中，到海邊度假一周成了他們再也消費不起的奢侈。

adj. 膚淺的，淺薄的

例 If he's only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is. 如果他只是對你的外貌感興趣，那說明他是多么膚淺。

n. 1 物體 2 對象 3 目的

v. 反對（~to）

例1 Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT （"do not track"） signal and press on anyway. 由于無法分辨人們是真的反對行為廣告，還是只是沒有改動微軟的默認設置，有些公司可能會忽視“禁止追蹤”信號，而一如既往地追蹤用戶信息。

例2 It's not obvious how the capacity to visualise objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 一個人具備物體空間想象力和計算數字模式的能力，不見得就能夠回答連一些最優秀的詩人和哲學家都無法理解的問題。

n. 旱災

例 Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. 也許正是因為人類長期遭受旱澇災害的折磨，才使得治理江河的愿望如此令人興奮不已。

n. 原則；行為準則

例 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however far-fetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 當藝術領域的一個新運動帶有某種時尚元素時，最好弄清楚這場運動的倡導者的真正意圖，因為，不管他們的原則在今天看來多么牽強無理，若干年后，人們都可能會認為它們是正常的。

n. 意見；概念；想法

例 The notion （"shifting baseline"） is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 這個概念（“動態基線”）就是說人們沒有觀察到海洋中發生的巨大變化，因為他們只是回顧了過去相對較短的一段時間。

v. 1 鼓舞，激勵 2 激起

例 The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. 最初，探索地平線之外的世界的好奇心驅使著波利尼西亞人來到夏威夷海岸，如今同樣的好奇心也在驅使著天文學家去探索天空。

n. 1 靈感；啟發靈感的人或事物 2 鼓舞

例 This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. 這可能不過是一股轉瞬即逝的文學熱潮，卻也為我們指明了當下該如何研究歷史的一個更廣泛的真理，即更少地專注于向先人學習，將更多的興趣放在感受他們的痛苦上。如今，我們需要的是感同身受，而不是激勵。

n. 大字標題；頭條新聞

例 Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. 就在老板和董事會終于解決了最糟糕的財務和規章問題并改善了企業的薄弱管理之后，又有一個新的問題正在威脅著他們，這個問題就是數據不安全。尤其是在美國，這會讓他們出現在負面頭版頭條新聞中，企業管理層中難免有人會受到嚴懲。

n. 混合

例 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 討論大眾傳媒在歐洲史上這個極其重要的階段所起的作用不是一件容易的事。歷史和新聞混為一談，大家的印象總是既懷疑又樂觀。

n. 閑暇，空閑

例 With the help of modern technologies, many housewives have more leisure time to pursue their personal interests. 有了現代技術的幫助，許多家庭主婦有了更多的閑暇時間追求自己的興趣。

n. 建筑學；建筑風格

例 Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. 人類的獨特之處就在于，他們不僅有能力制造工具，而且會反過來利用這些工具創造富余的物質產品（如繪畫、雕塑和建筑）和精神體驗（如音樂、文學、宗教和哲學）。

v. 1 釋放 2 公開發表 3 發行

例 Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science （NAS） released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. 就在法院對醫生協助自殺做出判決的三周前，國家科學院（NAS）發表了一份長達兩卷的報告《臨近死亡：改善臨終關懷的質量》。

adj. 1 自動的 2 無意識的，不假思索的

例 Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviours—habits—among consumers. 在過去的十年里，多家公司已經完善了引導消費者無意識行為（即習慣）的藝術。

n. 秘書

例 If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganised methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganised bosses. 如果你在和一群經理談話，你可能會指責他們秘書的工作方法紊亂；相反，如果你在和一群秘書談話，你可能會想評論他們老板的工作方法紊亂。

n. 災難，不幸

例 The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 英國的福利原則不再確保你能夠抵御失業的風險，以及你能在災難發生時得到無條件資助。

v. 模仿

例 An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: We unconsciously imitate the behaviour we see every day. 一項新興的研究表明，積極的和消極的健康習慣都會通過社會交往在朋友圈傳播。這是同輩壓力的一種微妙的形式，即我們會無意識地模仿我們每天看到的行為。

v. 抗拒，抵抗，抵制

例 When we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world colourful and vigorous. 在面對不同文化時，我們應該理智地取其精華，去其糟粕。只有這樣，我們才能積極推進文化發展，并使我們的世界多姿多彩、充滿活力。

adj. 抵抗的；抗拒的

例 Meanwhile, new products are being developed, because most mosquitoes have grown resistant to the original insecticides. 與此同時，新產品正在開發，因為大多數蚊子對原有的殺蟲劑產生了抗藥性。

n. 抵抗（力）；抵制；阻力

例 The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. 每一位考慮申請攻讀博士學位的學生都應該讀一讀這本構思巧妙、充滿智慧的小冊子——《思想市場：美國大學的改革和阻力》。

n./v. 遠航，遠行

例 During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. 在長達6到12周的航行中，他們依靠配給的微薄的食物勉強度日。

adj. 以前的

例 Now Daria is writing a novel which is not a mystery and is a considerable departure from her previous work. 達麗婭現在正在創作的一部非推理小說與她以前的作品大相徑庭。

v. 保護 n. 保護區

例 We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. 我們必須鼓勵栽種新樹木，同時也要保護現有的林地。

n. 1 紀律 2 訓練 3 學科 v. 1 訓導 2 懲罰

例1 Professor Smith's concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22%of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2%in history and 4%in English. 史密斯教授所關注的主要是人文學科，如文學、語言、哲學等。這些學科正在走向沒落：如今22%的美國大學畢業生主修商科，相比之下，只有2%主修歷史，4%主修英語。

例2 When young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media. 當年輕人批評一位過度使用推特的總統時，他們在思考技巧以及選擇何時在社交媒體上進行分享方面表現出一種精神上的自律。

v. 1 延伸 2 擴大 3 延期

例 We will continue to look for opportunities to extend our reach through new routes and creative global alliances. 我們將繼續尋找機會，通過進入新的航線或構建全球聯盟，來擴大我們的業務范圍。

v. 變更；修改

例 Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. 即便是在社交媒體普及之后，金字塔形的創作模式仍然存在，即少數人會上傳資料，相對較多的人會評論或更改那些內容，而大部分人仍然滿足于只消費（即只下載那些內容）。

n. 修改

例 Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. 讓人習以為常的是，新發表的看似重要且讓人信服的發現聲明和可靠發現總是會受到質疑，并且會被未來的研究人員修正或反駁。

n. 1 程度 2 范圍 3 長度

例 Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. 萊文不愿對上周的辯論做出評論，但有跡象表明這位董事長的強硬立場起碼在一定程度上有所緩和。

n. 邏輯（學）

例 Apart from criminal investigation techniques, the students must learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic. 除了刑事調查技術外，學生們還必須學習法醫學、哲學和邏輯學。

adj. （合乎）邏輯的

例 As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. 這一發展的合乎邏輯的結果是出現了主要針對專業讀者和業余讀者的不同雜志。

n. 費用；開支；代價

例 Some students can afford the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas, while for others the expense would be too heavy a financial strain. 有些學生能夠負擔考研或出國的學費，而對有些人來說該費用卻是一個沉重的經濟負擔。

adj. 艱難的；強韌的；不屈不撓的

例 The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade. 這些資深的醫生對如此激進的行動表示支持，尤其是支持呼吁采用過去十年里反對吸煙所采取的強硬手段，這將會使食品行業大為驚慌。

n. 1 品質；性格 2 特點 3 人物

例1 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 達爾文確信，沒有了這些愛好不只是少了樂趣，而且可能會有損于一個人的思維能力，更可能導致一個人道德品質的下降。

例2 Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. 更確切地說，我們對美國公民有某種認知，即公民如果不能很恰當地認識到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到身外之物的影響的，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。

v. 描繪…的特性；具有…的特征

例 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterised the scientific enterprise. 從亞里士多德時期開始，探求普遍法則已經成為科學研究的典型特征。

n. 1 種類 2 多樣化

例 As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. 作為一名語言學家，他認為所有種類的人類語言都具有極強的表達力——世界上所有語言或方言都可以表達復雜的思想。

n. 基礎

例 This conceptual data model is the basis for both current and future phases of data warehouse development. 這個概念數據模型是當前和將來數據庫開發階段的基礎。

n. 1 聯合 2 工會 3 聯盟

例 When Hoffa's Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. 1960年，霍法領導的卡車司機聯盟處于鼎盛時期，只有10%的美國政府工作者加入了工會，而現在這個比例達到了36%。

n. 工會主義；聯合主義

例 Britain's Labour Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. 英國工黨，顧名思義，長期以來一直與工會主義有聯系。

n. 鬼魂

例 Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. 薩根更關注那些相信鬼魂、神創論以及其他與科學世界觀相矛盾的現象的人。

n. 手藝；工藝 v. 精心制作

例 This is a design, production, sales and service as one of the craft production enterprises, and it is trying to apply modern techniques to various traditional crafts. 這是一家集設計、生產、銷售和服務于一體的工藝品生產企業，它正試圖將現代技術應用于各種傳統工藝品。

n. 例外

例 No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: Exceptions can be found to any rule. 在科學領域，專業與業余之間沒有絕對的區分，任何規律都有其例外。

adj. 1 不同尋常的 2 杰出的

例 In the course of conducting research of entrepreneurs across the globe, my co-authors and I found that most exceptional leaders tend to balance their convictions with a healthy dose of humility. 在對全球企業家進行調查的過程中，我和我的合作作者發現，真正杰出的領袖往往能在舍我其誰的自信中搭配恰如其分的謙遜。

v. 1 起源；發源 2 創造

例 The British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. 英國人類學家格拉夫頓·艾略特·史密斯和W.J.佩里在未掌握充分資料的情況下提出這樣一種謬論：種植業、陶瓷制造業和冶金術都起源于古埃及，然后傳播到全世界。

n./v. 援助

例 Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. 玻利瓦爾得到海地的援助后，作為回報，他承諾在他所解放的地區廢除奴隸制。

n. 財產；不動產

例 In his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved. 在他看來，文化的各個方面——比如家庭結構、婚姻形式、親屬關系類別、財產所有權、政府組織形式、科技以及食品生產系統——都隨著社會的進化而改變了。

n. 1 （動植物的）組織 2 紙巾

例 Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. 身高的增長一般在20歲以后就停止了，長高需要熱量和營養物質——特別是蛋白質——以供應身體組織的擴展。

n. 1 演奏；演出 2 執行；實行 3 性能 4 表現

例 For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theatre companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. 為了爭取藝術愛好者的時間、精力和金錢，古典樂器演奏家們不但要和歌劇院、舞蹈團、戲劇公司和博物館競爭，還要和收錄了20世紀偉大的古典音樂家演奏的唱片競爭。

n. 表演者；演奏者

例 A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become an outstanding performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. 一名學音樂的學生要想成為一名優秀的演奏者，和一名醫科學生要成為一名醫生一樣，都需要接受長期的、艱苦的訓練。

n. 創傷；傷口 v. 傷害，使受傷

例 This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, Elisabeth thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. 伊麗莎白認為，同樣的道德目標的缺失正在傷害像新聞國際這樣的公司，使其更有可能像過去一樣因大范圍非法電話竊聽而迷失方向。

adj. 復合的；復雜的 n. 復合體

例 The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. 19世紀專業化的發展導致要求的培訓時間更長、內容更復雜，意味著業余人員進入科學界會遇到更大的困難。

n. 復雜性；錯綜復雜

例 More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labour productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. 最近，研究人員在進行住房建設檢查時發現，盡管建筑行業的工作復雜，但是在得克薩斯州的休斯敦，未受過教育的、不會說英語的墨西哥工人總是能夠達到勞動生產率的最佳標準。

adj. 不相關的；不受影響的；獨立的

例 Finally, the two independent medical research bodies reached the same conclusions about the mechanism of drug addiction. 最后，兩個彼此不相關的醫學研究機構對藥物成癮的機理得出了相同的結論。

n. 勞動力

例 For a country to remain competitive, they need a highly-skilled, highly-educated workforce. 一個國家要保持競爭力，就需要具備高技術、高素質的勞動力。

adj. 邪惡的；令人厭惡的 n. 邪惡；壞事

例 Somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's Daffodils to Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil. 從19世紀的某個時期開始，越來越多的藝術家開始把快樂看成是無意義的、虛偽的，或者是無聊的，從華茲華斯筆下的《詠水仙》到波德萊爾筆下的《惡之花》就可以看出這種變化。

n. 曲調，調子 v. 1 調頻道 2 為（樂器）調音

例 Some people like slow sentimental tune, while some others like strong beat. 有些人喜歡慢節奏的傷感曲調，而另一些人卻喜歡節奏強的鼓點。

conj. 憑此；借以

例 The definition of intellectual also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 知識分子的定義也不包括大部分教師，盡管教學在傳統上一直是許多知識分子謀生的手段。

adj. 1 謙遜的 2 低下的 v. 使…感到自慚；使謙卑

例 As a nation, they may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humble therapies that could improve people's lives. 他們國家可能在尋求可能無效的治療方法上花錢太多，而在能夠改善人們生活質量的普通治療方法的研究上花錢又太少。

v. 1 繼承 2 經遺傳獲得

例 Most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. 大多數血統檢測只考慮單一的血統，要么只考慮來自父親的男性遺傳Y染色體，要么只考慮遺傳自母親的線粒體DNA。

n./v. 接觸；聯系

例 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with the young the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 雖然在與年輕人的接觸中，我們容易忽視我們的行為對他們性格的影響，但是在與成年人打交道時更容易忽視這種影響。

adj. 最高的，最大的n. 最大（值）

例 Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. 基因的最大值可以改變，但是不要期望改變會很快發生。

v. 1 認出，識別 2 確認 3 與…等同（~with）

例 I couldn't run the program because it contained a computer bug I could neither identify nor cure. 我無法使用這個程序，因為它有一個我既不能識別又不能解決的程序錯誤。

n. 1 身份 2 一致性；同一性

例 The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential linked to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. 該系統可能會使用連接到特定計算機上的智能身份證或數字證書，從而在一系列在線服務中驗證用戶的真實身份。

n. 候選人；應試者

例 For years, executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. 多年來，經理人和獵頭們一貫堅持的原則是：最具吸引力的CEO 候選人一定是挖來的。

adj. 王室的；皇家的n. 王室成員

例 Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front." 皇家精神科醫師學院院長迪內希·布格拉教授說：“如果告訴孩子們食物對他們的成長產生的影響，以及有些食物會對他們的健康造成危害，那么至少他們已經預先了解了相關的信息。”

v. 1 展開 2 分布 3 傳播 n. 傳播

例 The inappropriate and irrational use of medicines will provide favourable conditions for resistant microorganisms to emerge and spread. 不適當和不合理的藥物使用會為耐藥微生物的出現和傳播提供有利的條件。

adj. 獨特的；唯一的

例 The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1,932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. 這項研究是一個基于1,932名獨特研究對象的全組基因分析。研究成對比較了無血緣關系的朋友和無血緣關系的陌生人。

adj./adv. 分離（的）；分開（的）

例 Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely tied. 我們的法律制度旨在將法律與政治區分開來正是因為二者的聯系過于緊密。

v. 提醒，使想起（~of）

例 The judge reminds the witness that he must answer for the truth of what he will say. 法官提醒證人，必須對其將要說的話的真實性負責。

n. 提示；引起回憶的事物

例 People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. 早些年代的人們總是被苦難縈繞。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活幾乎沒有什么保障，年紀輕輕就命喪黃泉。

v. 改變；使改觀

例 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 在上一代，美國那些曾經可以依靠辛勤勞動和公平競爭就能維持穩定收入的中產階層家庭被經濟風險和新的現實狀況改變了。

n. 院長，系主任；主任牧師

例 Fastow volunteered to speak to students after reading a column on ethics by the dean of the business school. 讀過該商學院院長就道德標準發表的專欄文章后，法斯托主動提出給這所學校的學生做演講。

n. 社會學家

例 Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. 社會學家凱瑟琳·科勒·里斯曼在她的新書《漫話離婚》中提到，她采訪的大多數女性——僅有少數男性——將離婚歸咎為夫妻之間缺乏溝通。

n. 社會學

例 Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, sociology and so on. 社會科學的學科包括地理學、經濟學、政治學、心理學和社會學等。

adj. 密集的；密度大的

例 A further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside. 進一步的研究表明，每種微小細菌都有一種內在的致密的粒子鏈。

n. 密度；密集

例 The resulting settlement maps drawn by the researchers show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed. 研究人員繪制出來的居民區地圖反映了從公元500年到850年科潘衰落瓦解之時，城市周邊農村人口的分布和密度情況是如何發生劇烈變化的。

adj. 1 大膽的 2 醒目的 3 黑體的 n. 粗體；黑體

例 If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events. 如果我們真的夠勇敢，我們甚至可以開始用看待香煙的方式來看待高熱量的快餐——對其廣告、植入式營銷以及體育賽事贊助實施嚴格的限制。

n. 勇敢；冒失

例 In The Prince, the author championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders. 在《君主論》一書中，作者認為狡猾、殘忍、富有冒險精神才是一位成功的領袖應有的能力，而不是美德、憐憫與公平公正之心。

n. 分子

例 In October, the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. 10月，司法部針對馬里亞德案發表聲明，聲稱分離的DNA 分子和從棉籽上分離出來的棉纖維一樣，僅僅是自然的產物。

adj. 分子的

例 Another line of research has revealed cellular and molecular abnormalities that could well elicit or sustain autoimmune activity. 另一個方向的研究發現，細胞和分子的異常會誘發或使自體免疫活性持續。

v. 1 造成，引起 2 提出 3 擺姿勢 n. 1 姿勢 2 裝模作樣

例1 The letter said that before being readmitted to the casino, Williams would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronising the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. 這封信中指出，在再次被允許進入賭場之前，威廉斯必須提供能證明他光臨賭場不會對自己的安全或幸福造成威脅的醫學/心理信息。

例2 If robots are to reach the next stage of labour-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. 如果機器人要進入節省勞力的下一個階段，它們必須能夠在更少的人工監控下運行，并且至少能夠獨立地做一些決定。這些目標給我們帶來了真正的挑戰。

例3 When I finally posed the question, "Why?" he merely shrugged. 當我最后問“為什么”時，他只是聳了聳肩。

v. 掩埋；埋沒

例 "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. 康奈爾法學院一位參與起草新綱要的教授說，“重要的信息可能會淹沒在細枝末節的汪洋之中”。

n. 插頭；插座 v. 1 塞住；堵塞 2 （~in / into）接通

例 The wire snapped at the wall plug with a blue flash and the light fused. 墻上插頭處的電線啪地發出一道藍光，電燈的保險絲燒斷了。