Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

1.C

【聽前預測】

1.四項均以it開頭。

2.四項提到的內容均與氣候變化相關。

結論：該題可能考查與it有關的內容。聽音時首先要確定it所指代的對象，然后結合選項作出判斷。

【解析】對話中女士提問：“您能簡短地概述一下您的工作內容、工作地點及主要研究領域嗎？”接下來男士回答：“我所在的氣候研究中心將氣候變化科學與圍繞經濟學和政策的問題聯系在一起。”因此C項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。

2.B

【聽前預測】

1.四項均以it開頭，均表示某種程度的消極意義。

2.兩項開頭的it指代某種事物，兩項提到its impact或its consequences。

結論：該題可能考查it的某種特性。聽音時首先要確定it所指代的對象，然后結合選項作出判斷。

【解析】對話中男士提到：“通過避免氣候變化來規避風險要比處理（氣候變化）可能造成的后果成本更低。”即：處理氣候變化帶來的后果要比避免氣候變化的成本高，因此B項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。對話中只是提到大國關于簽署氣候協議的問題尚未達成共識，并沒有提到達成共識所需的時間長短，故A項錯誤；C項是對“向低碳能源系統的轉變是各國的當務之急”的曲解。D項在對話中未提及，故排除。

3.A

【聽前預測】

1.四項均是名詞詞組，推測本題可能是以what提問。

2.前三項提到的內容與全球發展或合作相關。

結論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內容可能與全球發展或合作相關。聽音時需留意與transition,cooperation,global agreement相關的語句。

【解析】對話中男士提到：“我們需要掌握避免氣候變化的最好方法，這會涉及向低碳能源系統的巨大轉變，而這個轉變是目前的當務之急。”因此A項與對話內容相符，為正確答案。對話中提到要解決當務之急需要簽署全球協議，因此C項是前提條件，故排除；B、D兩項在對話中未提及，故排除。

4.C

【聽前預測】四項均以動詞原形開頭，可能考查某種行為或建議。

結論：該題可能以what提問，考查的內容可能與某人提出的建議相關。聽音時留意與research,energy consumption,plan in advance,new technology相關的語句。

【解析】對話中男士提到：“我們還需要提前計劃，這樣我們才有能力應對那些已經不可避免的氣候變化。”因此C項與對話內容相符，為正確答案。A、B、D三項在對話中未提及，故排除。

Conversation Two

5.B

【聽前預測】四項均以特殊疑問詞開頭，信息點比較散，并且都具有概括性。

結論：該題可能以what提問，考查對話的主題。聽音時留意與luck,success,practice,talent相關的語句，并注意從整體把握對話的中心意思。

【解析】對話中女士提到：“上課時，我們經常討論諸如成功以及取得成功的要素等話題。”因此B項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。A、C、D三項雖然在對話中也有提到，但是只是說話者提到的影響成功的要素，并不是對話的主題，故排除。

6.D

【聽前預測】

1.四項均以it開頭。

2.四項均描述it的某種特征。

結論：該題考查的內容可能與it的某個特征相關。聽音時首先要確定it所指代的對象，聽到問題后再結合選項作出判斷。

【解析】對話中女士先提到：“我想人們認為的運氣很大程度上取決于你如何回應即將到來的機會。”后面又解釋說“抓住機會”，因此可知，在女士看來，運氣意味著抓住機會，D項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。A項和C項在對話中未提及，故排除。男士說：“人們可以在一定程度上創造所謂的運氣。”女士表示贊同，B項與對話內容正好相反，也可排除。

7.D

【聽前預測】

1.四項均是陳述性語氣。

2.前兩項提到了成功。

結論：該題可能考查某人對于成功的看法或觀點。聽音時要留意與態度或觀點相關的描述，重點關注與選項內容相關的表達。

【解析】男士在對話中提到：“從視頻內容我們可以看到，擅長做某事并不是因為有這方面的天賦，而是練習，練習，再練習。”因此可得知，TED演講視頻中的主要觀點是練習對擅長做某事起到重要的作用，D項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。其余三項都不是視頻中的觀點，故均可排除。

8.C

【聽前預測】

1.兩項以people開頭，兩項提到了與金錢有關的內容，兩項提到了工作。

2.三項均表示積極的觀點（profitable,wealthy,work hard）。

結論：該題考查的內容可能與人們的工作或財務狀況相關，聽音時應關注與選項重點詞匯相關的內容。

【解析】女士在對話中提到：“如果你喜歡你所做的事情，對此真正充滿激情，并真正付諸努力，自然就會容易賺到錢了。”因此可知C項與對話內容相符，故為正確答案。

Section B

Passage One

【聽力原文】

［9］Devil's Tower,the first national monument in America,could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree.Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit.Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming,the massive column of rock,looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place.In a sense,it was.

Devil's Tower is a relic of the past.When the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano,as the centuries passed,the rock cooled and hardened,shrinking and cracking into long columns.［10］Born in fire and fury,Devil's Tower was then shaped by the slow,gentle work of wind and water.The outer layers of the volcano were worn away until the hard core stood completely exposed.［11］Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devil's Tower as being formed by supernatural powers.［12］The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears,they took refuge on top of a small rock,and they appealed to the Rock God for help.The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground,while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears.Even today,says the legend,the girls can be seen above the towering rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.

9.What does Devil's Tower look like?

10.What caused the volcano's outer layer to wear away?

11.What does an Indian legend say about Devil's Tower?

12.How did the Rock God help the seven girls in the Indian legend?

9.A

【解題思路】

1.四項都是名詞短語。

2.四項描述都含有表示“高”或“大”的詞。

3.三項與自然景觀有關，一項與人類勞動的產物有關。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是一處自然景觀，可能是文章的某個細節，也可能是文章的主題。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（stump of a giant tree,huge piece of rock,peak of a mountain,chimney）。

【解析】題目問的是魔鬼峰看起來像什么。文章開頭提出，魔鬼峰是美國第一個國家紀念物，幾乎被誤認為一根巨大的木樁。也就是說魔鬼峰看上去就像根巨大的木樁，由此可以得出A項正確。魔鬼峰本身就是一塊巨大的巖石，因此不能說它像巖石，故B不對；C項與D項在文中均未被提及，因此均可排除。

10.B

【解題思路】

1.四項都是名詞短語。

2.兩項與人類活動有關，兩項為自然現象。

結論：本題可能以what開頭提問，考查的內容可能是文章的某個細節，也有可能是文章的主題。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（human activity,wind and water,chemical processes,fire and fury）。

【解析】題目問是什么導致火山外層被磨蝕了。文章中間部分提到，魔鬼峰誕生于熾熱猛烈的天氣之中，之后被風輕柔地吹拂，被水慢慢地沖刷，才得以形成。火山的外層被不斷磨蝕，直到堅硬的內核完全裸露出來。由此可知，是風和水的力量使得火山外層遭到磨蝕，故B項正確。D項是火山形成的原因，故不可選；火山外層是在自然力的作用下被磨蝕的，與人類活動無關，故A項和C項都不可選。

11.D

【解題思路】

1.四項均以it開頭。

2.兩項描述的是“它”是什么，兩項與“它”的來歷有關。

結論：本題考查的內容與“它”有關，可能是問“它”是什么，可能考查“它”的來歷，涉及文章的某個細節。聽音時應重點判斷“它”的指代對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（historical monument,built in ancient times,Indians' sacred place for worship,created by supernatural powers）。

【解析】題目問的是印度傳說是如何講述魔鬼峰的。文章中間部分提到：難怪印度的一個傳說把魔鬼峰描述成是由超自然力量造成的。由此可以得出D項正確。其他三項都與印度傳說無關，因此均排除。

12.C

【解題思路】

1.四項均以by開頭。

2.四項描述的都是一種做法。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是某人的做法，涉及文章的某個細節。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（sheltering them in a cave,killing the attacking bears,lifting them well above the ground,taking them to the top of a mountain）。

【解析】題目問的是在印度傳說中石神是如何幫助那七個女孩的。文章最后提到了一個印度傳說的內容，七個女孩遭到幾頭熊的襲擊，于是躲到一塊小的巖石頂上避難，并請求石神的幫助。石神讓巖石長高，把幾個女孩舉到遠離地面的地方。由此可以得出C項正確。其他三項均不是傳說中石神的做法，因此均排除。

Passage Two

【聽力原文】

It's no accident that most gas stations have convenience stores attached.［13］Few of us can fill up the tank without buying a few snacks,cigarettes,soft drinks or other items we can live without."I deserve it."That's what hard-working men and women say to justify their lavish vacations,big stereo systems or regular restaurant meals.They do deserve such indulgences.However,they also deserve a home of their own—a secure retirement and freedom from worrying about unpaid bills.No one should have to live with what a Texas mother described as constant stress,tension,even fear about money.［14］Sadly,the pleasure that comes from extravagances often disappears long before the bills do.The video camera that one single mother bought for a special occasion,for example,is not much fun now.She's figured out that it will take her another three years to pay it off at $30 a month.And the New Yorkers who spent a bundle on an outdoor hot tub now admit they rarely use it,"because we can't afford to heat it in winter."The solution: set priorities—add up the annual cost of each item,then consider what else you could buy with the same money.That will help you decide which items are really worth it.［15］One Chicago woman,for example,discovered that daily lunches with coworkers cost her $2,000 a year.She decided to take lunch to work instead."I now put $20 a week into my vacation fund and another 20 into retirement savings,"she says,"those mean more to me than lunch.”

13.What does the speaker say about drivers who stop at gas stations?

14.What does the speaker say about extravagances?

15.What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?

13.A

【解題思路】

1.四項均以they will開頭。

2.四項描述的都是they的動作。

3.兩項與買東西有關。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是某些人的具體做法，涉及文章的某個細節。聽音時應首先判斷they指代的對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（buy something,rest a while,have their vehicles washed or serviced,pick up some souvenirs or gift items）。

【解析】題目問的是關于在加油站停留的司機，講話者是如何說的。文章開頭指出，很少有人去加油時不買一些非生活必需的小吃、軟飲料或者其他日常用品。由此可以得出A項正確。其他三項在講話中均未提及，因此排除。

14.A

【解題思路】

1.四項均以they開頭。

2.三項描述的都是消極結果。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是一個看法、一種觀點或一個結論，可能是文章的某個細節。聽音時應首先判斷they指代的對象，并將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（temporary pleasures,extremely wealthy,be done away with altogether,drive one to bankruptcy）。

【解析】題目問的是關于揮霍放縱，講話者說了些什么。文章中提到，遺憾的是，揮霍放縱帶來的快樂往往在賬單付清之前很久就消失了。由此可知這種快樂是非常短暫的，因此A項正確。其他三項在講話中均未被提及，因此均排除。

15.D

【解題思路】

1.三項均提到savings或save。

2.兩項描述的是存錢帶來的積極結果。

結論：本題考查的內容可能是一個看法、一種觀點或一個結論，可能是文章的某個細節。聽音時應將重點放在四個選項的關鍵信息上（have daily lunch with one's colleagues,retirement savings,a vacation will be affordable,small daily savings can make a big difference）。

【解析】題目問的是講話者舉芝加哥婦女的例子是想說明什么。文章最后舉了一個芝加哥婦女存錢的例子，她原來每天中午與同事一起吃飯，一年下來午飯錢要花費一大筆，后來她決定自帶午飯。這樣一來她每個星期都有一小筆錢存入假期基金，還有一小筆存入退休儲蓄賬戶，而這樣做將為她的生活帶來積極的影響。由此可以得出D項正確。其他三項均是對這一事例的主觀引申，與講話者意圖不符，因此均排除。

Section C

Recording One

【聽力原文】

Let's say you start to brainstorm a list of all the emotions you've ever experienced,just for fun.Try it now.

What's on your list? Chances are,you included things like: happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxed and amazed.Now sort your list into two categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.

［16］Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human.We might use the word"negative"to describe more difficult emotions but it doesn't mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn't have them.Still,most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one.It's likely you'd prefer to feel happy instead of sad or confident instead of insecure.

What matters is how our emotions are balanced,how much of each type of emotion,positive or negative,we experience.

Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with.For example,fear can alert us to possible danger.It's a signal that we might need to protect ourselves.Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes,crossing a boundary or violating our trust.Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf.

Negative emotions focus on our awareness.They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it.［17］But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed,anxious,exhausted or stressed out.When negative emotions are out of balance,problems might seem too big to handle.

The more we dwell on negative emotions,the more negative we begin to feel.Focusing on negativity just keeps it going.

Positive emotions balance out negative ones,but they have other powerful benefits,too.［18］Instead of narrowing our focus,like negative emotions do,positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness,attention and memory.They help us take in more information,hold several ideas in mind at once and understand how different ideas relate to each other.

When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities,we are more able to learn and build on our skills.That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.

People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier,healthier,learn better and get along well with others.

16.What does the speaker say about negative emotions?

17.What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?

18.How do positive emotions affect us?

16.B

【解題思路】

1.四項均以they開頭，且都是陳述性語氣，聽音時要注意聽清they的指代對象。

2.兩項表達積極意義，兩項表達消極意義，本題可能考查they的影響或作用。

【解析】本題問關于消極情緒，講話者說了什么。講話開頭部分提到：“身為人類自然會有積極情緒和消極情緒。”也就是說消極情緒必然會出現在人們的生活中，人不可能只有積極情緒或只有消極情緒。由此可知，答案選B。講話中沒有提及選項A和C。講話中提到了消極情緒太多的話會對健康不利，D項與講話內容有出入，也排除。

17.B

【解題思路】

1.四項均以they開頭，由選項內容可知，they應該指的是某類人，在聽音時要注意聽清其指代對象。

2.四項均描述的是they的消極情緒，本題可能考查消極情緒對they的影響。

【解析】本題問消極情緒過多的人身上會發生什么。講話內容中間部分提到：“但太多的消極情緒會使我們感到不知所措、焦慮、疲憊不堪或者壓力重重。當消極情緒多于積極情緒時，問題可能看起來就太大而無法處理了。”選項B的說法與此處內容一致，其中overwhelmed屬于原詞復現。其余三項的說法均與原文不符。

18.A

【解題思路】四項還是都以they開頭，且均表示積極意義，聽音時要注意聽清they的指代對象。

【解析】本題問積極情緒如何影響我們。講話最后部分對積極情緒進行了具體闡述，其中提到：“與消極情緒縮小我們的關注點不同，積極情緒通過增強我們的意識、提高我們的注意力和記憶力來影響我們的大腦活動。積極情緒幫助我們領會更多信息，使我們腦中同時冒出幾種想法……”選項A是對此部分內容的概括總結。選項B和D文中沒有提及，選項C是消極情緒對人們的影響，故均可排除。

Recording Two

【聽力原文】

In the past few months,I've been travelling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes.One day,I was invited to an important event,and I wanted to wear something special for it.I looked through my suitcase but couldn't find anything to wear.I was lucky to be at the technology conference then,and I had access to 3D printers.［19］So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer,and I loaded the file on the printer.It just printed the pieces overnight.The next morning,I just took all the pieces,assembled them together in my hotel room,and this is actually the skirt that I'm wearing right now.

So it wasn't the first time that I printed clothes.［20］For my senior collection at fashion design school,I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home.The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing,and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.

I always felt most creative when I worked from home.I loved experimenting with new materials,and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.

One summer break,I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown.We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed.They were amazing—like you can see here.But I had a few problems with them.［21］They were made from hard plastics and that's why they were very breakable.The models couldn't sit in them,and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

So now,the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with.I mean the material you feed the printer with.［22］The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex,which is a new kind of printing material.It's strong,yet very flexible.And with it,I was able to print the first garment,a red jacket that had the word"freedom"embedded into it.And actually,you can easily download this jacket,and change the word to something else,for example,your name or your sweetheart's name.

So I think in the future,materials will evolve,and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today,like cotton or silk.

19.What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?

20.When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?

21.What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?

22.What does the speaker say about Filaflex?

19.B

【解題思路】四項均以it開頭，且由其中的the latest style和made by a fashion designer可知，it可能指的是某件衣服。

【解析】本題問關于她現在穿的裙子，講話者說了什么。講話者在一開始就提到，她為了參加一次重要的活動，專門用3D打印機打印了一件衣服，也就是她現在穿的連衣裙。故本題選B。其余三項均與原文不符。

20.C

【解題思路】四項都以when she開頭，且描述的都是過去的事，兩項與she的學習經歷有關。

【解析】本題問講話者開始試驗3D打印的時間。講話者提到，當她在時裝設計學院進修高級時裝設計專業時，曾決定嘗試在家使用3D技術打印一整套時裝。故選C。其余三項均與其所說的事實不符。

21.C

【解題思路】四項均以it開頭，且描述的都是某種缺點，推測本題考查it的問題或缺點，應重點聽清it的指代對象和描述其問題或缺點的內容。

【解析】本題問紐約時裝店的服裝打印材料有什么問題。講話者提到，她在紐約的一家服裝店實習時用3D打印機打印了兩件非常漂亮的連衣裙，但打印連衣裙的材料是硬塑料，很容易碎，故選C。

22.D

【解題思路】四項還是以it開頭，且都是對事實的陳述。由選項中的3D printer和3D printing可知，it可能指的是某種用于3D打印的材料。

【解析】本題考查有關Filaflex的內容。講話者最后提到，當別人向她介紹了一款新型的打印材料——Filaflex時，有關打印衣服的材料問題才有了進展，這與選項D的說法一致。其余三項講話者均未提及。

Recording Three

【聽力原文】

Welcome to the third lecture in our series on the future of small businesses in Europe.The purpose of today's lecture,as you have seen from the title and the abstract,is to examine in more detail the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises ［23］which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology.And I want to look at these both from a financial and from a personnel point of view and to offer a few hopefully effective solutions.

Here we have three of the most important problems facing small businesses that I want to look at today.

First,keeping up with the pace of technological change.Recruiting high-quality staff in a time of skills shortages in IT as a whole and in a highly competitive market.And the issue of retaining staff once they've been recruited and trained.Now,all of these problems involve significant costs for all businesses.But there are particularly challenging issues for small and medium-sized enterprises.And those costs would vary depending on the size and scale of the businesses.

So let's come to the first issue on our list,which is keeping pace with developments in technology.［24］Now we all know that the technology industry is intensely competitive with new products being launched all year round as the various companies strive to compete with each other,rather than,say once a year or every couple of years.And this is a real headache for smaller businesses.So,let's imagine we have a small company which is doing OK.It's just about making a profit and it spends most of its income on the overheads.So for a company in this situation,keeping up to date with the latest technology,even if it's only for the benefit of key staff,this can be hugely expensive.

So in my view,some creative thinking needs to come in here to find ways to help companies in this situation to stay ahead in the game,but at the same time,to remain technologically competitive.

Well,there's a possibility that small groups of companies with similar requirements but not directly competing with each other,they could share the cost of upgrading in much the same way as,let's say,an intranet operates within larger organizations.［25］In fact,cost sharing could be a very practical solution,especially in times of financial difficulty.If there's a downward pressure on costs,because of a need for investment in other areas,I would argue that this is a perfectly feasible solution.

23.What does the speaker say about the problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises?

24.What does the speaker say about the technology industry?

25.What is a practical solution to the problems of small and medium-sized businesses?

23.A

【解題思路】四個選項均以they作主語，有兩項出現了technology，兩項出現了solve或solved。聽音時應聽清they指代的對象，并重點關注與技術相關的信息。

【解析】講座開頭提到，中小型企業面臨一些問題，這些問題的產生，至少有一部分原因在于，它們不得不適應技術的快速發展。也就是說，這些問題是由技術進步引起的，故A項符合講座內容。B項是根據講座中to examine in more detail the problems而設置的干擾項，可排除。C、D兩項講座中并未提及，都應排除。

24.D

【解題思路】四個選項均以it作主語。各項關鍵信息分別為：entrepreneurs，huge investment，new products，intensely competitive。聽音時應聽清it指代的對象，并將重點放在與各個選項的關鍵詞匯相關的內容上。

【解析】講座中間提到：“眾所周知，現在技術行業的競爭非常激烈。”由此可知D項與講座內容相符。講座中提到，不同的企業彼此間相互競爭，一年到頭不斷地推出新產品。但并沒有說技術行業的重點都放在新產品上，C項屬于主觀臆測，應排除。其余兩項講座中并未提及，可排除。

25.D

【解題思路】兩個選項是名詞短語，兩個選項是動名詞短語，四項的關鍵詞匯分別是cooperation、recruiting、in-service training和sharing of costs，描述的都是企業的某種做法或采取的某項措施，聽音時應將重點放在與這些關鍵詞匯相關的內容上。

【解析】講座最后提到，小企業團體間共同承擔技術升級的成本，這是個非常實際的解決方案。由此可知D項與講座內容相符，為正確答案。講座中提到小型企業面臨的三個最重要的問題，其中包括招聘高水平員工，但并不是說中小企業實際的解決方案就是要招聘更合格的員工，故排除B項。其余兩項在講座中沒有提及，排除。