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第二章 四級(jí)漢譯英必備詞組

《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》對(duì)四級(jí)詞匯量的要求是:掌握的詞匯量應(yīng)達(dá)到4795個(gè)單詞和700個(gè)詞組(含中學(xué)應(yīng)掌握的詞匯),其中約2000個(gè)單詞為積極詞匯,即要求學(xué)生能夠在認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上在口頭和書面表達(dá)兩個(gè)方面熟練運(yùn)用的詞匯。

我們根據(jù)詞匯表中的所要求的詞組,結(jié)合積極詞匯的重要用法,以及歷年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試翻譯題型中的所考詞匯,組成下表:

1.名詞性短語

one after another一個(gè)接一個(gè)地,依次地

a couple of一對(duì),一雙,幾個(gè)

heart and soul全心全意地,完全地

a series of一系列,一連串

a variety of種種,各種

2.動(dòng)詞性短語

account for說明(原因等),解釋

take into account/consideration考慮……

take action采取行動(dòng)

adapt/adjust to適應(yīng)

add up(to)合計(jì)達(dá),總計(jì)是

adhere to粘附在……上,堅(jiān)持

take advantage of利用

agree with同意,在……取得一致

allow for考慮到

leave alone聽其自然

apply for提出申請(qǐng)(或要求等)

apply……to把……應(yīng)用于……

belong to屬于

make the best of充分利用

break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)

bring forward提出(建議等)

build up樹立,逐步建立,增大

call for要求,需要,提倡

call on訪問,號(hào)召,呼吁

carry out進(jìn)行(到底),開展

carry through進(jìn)行(到底),貫徹

catch up with趕上

deal with sb in sth做買賣

dedicate/devote oneself to獻(xiàn)(身)于,

把……用在……

depart from離開,起程,背離

derive from取得,起源,由來

die away變?nèi)?,逐漸平息

make a difference有影響,有關(guān)系

take charge掌管,負(fù)責(zé),看管

check up核對(duì),檢驗(yàn)

clear away把……清除掉,(云)消失

clear off消除,擺脫(負(fù)擔(dān)等)

come true實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到

compare……to把……比作

compare……with把……與……相比較

consist/lie in在于,存在于

consist of由……構(gòu)成,包含有

contribute to有助于……,促成

cope/deal with對(duì)付……,妥善處理

count on依靠,期待,指望

cut down砍倒,消減,縮短

date/trace back to追溯到,從……開始有

have sth. to do with和……有關(guān),和……打交道

drain……of耗盡,用完

draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論

draw up起草,制訂

dream of夢(mèng)到,夢(mèng)想,向往

dress up穿上盛裝

drink to為……干杯,為……祝福

drop in on sb順便拜訪某人

eat up吃完,吃光,耗盡

bring into effect實(shí)行,實(shí)現(xiàn),實(shí)施

come to an end告終,結(jié)束,完結(jié)

engage in(使某人)參加某事或從事某事

equip sb./sth. with裝備,配備

expect sth. of sb.期待,希望

fall behind落在……后面,跟不上

feel like感到想要做

figure out計(jì)算出,估計(jì),理解

find oneself(+ing/介賓詞組)發(fā)覺自己的處境

focus/concentrate one's attention on關(guān)注……

getalong/onwith與……友好相處,有進(jìn)展

give in投降,讓步

give up放棄,

go over檢查,從頭至尾溫習(xí)

go through經(jīng)歷,完成,檢查

hand in交上,遞上

hand on傳下來,依次傳遞

hand over交出,移交,讓與

learn by heart記住,背誦

lose heart泄氣,灰心

hold water證明正確合理,說得通

identify sth. with sth.認(rèn)為……等同于……

interfere in干涉,干預(yù)

interfere with打擾(某人),妨礙

keep/bear in mind記住

keep on繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,反復(fù)地做

laugh at因……而發(fā)笑,嘲笑

lead to通向,導(dǎo)致

take the lead為首,領(lǐng)先

live on靠……生活

live through經(jīng)歷過,度過,經(jīng)受住

live up to無愧于,做到

look down on蔑視,看不起

look forward to盼望,期待,預(yù)期

major in專攻,專修

make up拼湊,組成,補(bǔ)償(be made

up of由……組成,由……構(gòu)成)

make up for補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)

mistake for把……錯(cuò)認(rèn)為

mix up混合,混淆,搞糊涂

move on繼續(xù)前進(jìn)

name after用……命名

take(no)notice of(不)注意,(不)留心

keep pace with與……并駕齊驅(qū)

take pains盡力,努力,下苦功

play a part/role in扮演角色,起……作用

take part in參加……,參與……

pass by走過,(時(shí)間)逝去

pay back償還(借款等),回報(bào)

take the place of代替

take pride in以……自豪

make progress in在……方面取得進(jìn)步

put aside儲(chǔ)存,保留

put forward提出(要求、事實(shí)等)

put off推遲,拖延

react on對(duì)……有影響

react/respond to對(duì)……起反應(yīng)

refer to sb. as把……稱作

rely on依靠,依賴,依仗

remark on評(píng)論,談?wù)摚h論

result from是(由)……造成的

result in引起,結(jié)果是,導(dǎo)致

be/get rid of擺脫,去掉

run out(of)(被)用完,耗盡

see to負(fù)責(zé),注意,照料

make sense講得通,言之有理

serve as充當(dāng),起作用

set aside留出,不顧,

set up開辦,建立,設(shè)立

settle down定居,安下心來

show off炫耀,賣弄

show up使顯現(xiàn),揭露,拆穿

keep silence保持沉默,不講話

single out挑選出,選拔,找出

sit/stay up遲睡,熬夜

slow down放慢速度,減退

speed up使加速,增加速度

spring up涌現(xiàn),發(fā)生,迅速長出

stand up to勇敢地面對(duì),堅(jiān)決抵抗

take steps/measures采取步驟,采取措施

stick to堅(jiān)持,忠于,信守

subject to使受到,使遭遇

tell/distinguish……from辨別,分辨

think over仔細(xì)考慮

track down找到,發(fā)現(xiàn),查出

take turns依次,輪流

turn out結(jié)果是,證明是

turn up出現(xiàn)

make use of利用,使用

use up用完

3.形容詞短語

be absorbed in專心致力于……

be abundant in……富于,……豐富

be accustomed to習(xí)慣于

be acquainted with開始認(rèn)識(shí),開始了解

be available for有效

be based on以……為基礎(chǔ)

be certain of確信,肯定

due to由于,應(yīng)給予,應(yīng)付的

be equal to等于,相當(dāng)于

far(away)from遠(yuǎn)離

be fed up(with)對(duì)……極厭倦

be full of充滿

be known as以……知名

be known for因……而眾所周知

be loyal to忠于

be proud of為……感動(dòng)自豪

prior to在前,居先,比……在先

be qualified to do/for/as能勝任……

be representative of代表……

be short of缺乏,不足,達(dá)不到

besubjectto受……支配的,需服從……的

be typical of是……的特點(diǎn)

4.副詞短語

above all首先,首要

after all畢竟,終究,雖然這樣

all along始終,一直,一貫

all in all總的說來,頭等重要的

all over到處,遍及

apart from除……之外(別無)

as well也,又

at best充其量,至多

so far迄今為止

instead of代替,而不是……

now and then時(shí)而,不時(shí)

over and over(again)一再地,再三地

in particular特別,尤其

regardless of不顧,不注意

ahead of schedule提前

behind schedule落后于預(yù)定計(jì)劃

on schedule按照預(yù)定時(shí)間,準(zhǔn)時(shí)

ever since從那時(shí)起一直到現(xiàn)在

sooner or later遲早,早晚,或遲或早

5.介詞短語

by accident/chance偶然

in accordance with與……一致,按照

according to根據(jù)……所說,按照

in addition另外(=besides)

in addition to除……之外(還有)

in advance在前面,預(yù)先

for ages長期

at all完全,根本,到底

not at all根本不,一點(diǎn)也不

along with同……一道(一起)

at any rate不管怎樣,反正

in any case不管怎樣

in this case既然這樣

as for至于,就……方面說

on(an)average平均起來,一般說來

on behalf of代表……,為了……

at one's best處在最好狀態(tài)

in brief簡(jiǎn)言之,以簡(jiǎn)潔的形式

on business因事,因公

but for倘沒有,要不是

by oneself單獨(dú),獨(dú)自,自行

for certain肯定地,確鑿地

in charge of主管,掌管,照管

in common共用,公有,共同

by comparison比較起來

in comparison with與……比較

on condition that

如果……,在……條件下

on the contrary正相反

out of control失去控制

under control處于控制之下

at one's convenience在方便的時(shí)候

at the cost of以……為代價(jià)

in/during the course of在……期間,在……過程中

out of date過時(shí)的,陳舊的

in detail詳細(xì)地

in difficulty處境困難

at sb's disposal任某人處理

without doubt無疑地,很可能

at ease自由自在,舒適,舒坦

out of employment失業(yè)

in the end最后,終于

on end連續(xù)地,豎著,直立著

for ever/good永遠(yuǎn)

in exchange for交換

at the expense of在損失或損壞……的情況下

to some extent在某種程度上

as a matter of fact事實(shí)上

in fact其實(shí),實(shí)際上

without fail必定,務(wù)必

by force憑借暴力,強(qiáng)迫地

in future今后,以后

in the future將來

in general通常,一般地說

on the grounds of以……為理由,根據(jù)

at hand在手邊,在附近

in hand在手頭,在進(jìn)行中

on hand現(xiàn)有(隨時(shí)可用)

for instance/example例如,比如,舉例說

by instinct憑(靠)本能

at intervals不時(shí),相隔一定的距離

in light of按照,根據(jù),鑒于

in line with跟……一致,符合

as a matter of fact事實(shí)上,其實(shí)

by all means盡一切辦法,一定

by means of用,憑借

by mistake錯(cuò)誤地

at the moment此刻,目前,那時(shí)

for the moment暫時(shí),目前

in a moment立即,立刻

in the name of以……的名義,代表

on occasion間或,有時(shí)

at once立刻,馬上

in order整齊,狀況良好

out of order不整齊,發(fā)生故障

on one's own獨(dú)自地,主動(dòng)地

in part在某種程度上,部分地

on the principle of根據(jù)……的原則

in proportion to與……成比例,與……相稱

out of proportion不成比例,不相稱

in public公開地,當(dāng)眾

on purpose故意地

in question正在談?wù)摰?/p>

without question毫無疑問

out of the question不可能的,不值得討論的

in regard to關(guān)于

with regard to關(guān)于,至于

without regard to不考慮,不顧

in relation to關(guān)于,有關(guān),與……相比

with respect to關(guān)于,至于

as a result(of)作為……的結(jié)果

in return(for)作為回報(bào),作為……的交換

for the sake of為了,為了……的利益

for sale待售,出售的

on sale上市的,減價(jià),賤賣

on a large/small scale大/小規(guī)模地

in a sense從某種意義上說

in short總之,總而言之

at the sight/thought of一看見(一想到)

at a speed of以……的速度

in support of支援,支持,擁護(hù)

in sympathy with贊同,同情

in terms of根據(jù),以……的措詞

at times有時(shí),不時(shí)

from time to time時(shí)常,有時(shí),不時(shí)

in no time立即,立刻,馬上

in time及時(shí)

on time按時(shí),準(zhǔn)時(shí)

in truth事實(shí)上,的確

in turn依次,輪流

in vain徒勞,白辛苦

in view of鑒于,考慮到,由于

6.核心短語和固定搭配

and all that諸如此類

and so forth/on等等,如此等等

and then于是,然后

as……as……像,如同,與……一樣

not as(so)……as……不如……那樣

as if好像,仿佛

as/so long as只要

as well as(除……之外)也,既……又

to begin with首先,第一

had better do sth.還是……好,最好還是……

be to blame該受責(zé)備,應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)

be bound to一定會(huì)……,必然……

be bound up with與……有密切關(guān)系

cannot but不得不,不會(huì)不

cannot help but不得不(接動(dòng)詞原形)

in case假如,免得

in case of假如,萬一……

either……or或……或,不是……就是

or else否則,要不然

even if即使,縱然

for fear of/that由于害怕,生怕,以免

first and foremost首要地,首先

first of all首先,第一

as follows如下

generation gap代溝

hardly……when……剛……就……

can not help doing情不自禁,忍不住

if only只要,要是……就好

be in for參加(競(jìng)賽、考試等)

be inferior/superior to(質(zhì)量等)比……差/好

no less than和……一樣(多)

in the long run從長遠(yuǎn)來看

not to mention更不必說

no more不再

no more……than……不過,同……一樣不

no more than僅僅,只是

more often than not時(shí)常,在更多情況下

what's more而且

neither……nor……既不……也不……

nothing but只有,只不過

now that既然,由于

once in a while偶爾,間或

in order that以便,為了……

in order to以便,以……為目的

owing to由于,因?yàn)?/p>

had rather……寧愿……

rather than寧愿……(而不)

would rather……than寧愿……而不愿

the same as與……一致,與……相同的

that is to say那就是說,換句話說

so……as to如此……以至于

so far迄今為止,到這種程度

as soon as possible盡快

no sooner……than一……就……

stand the test經(jīng)受住考驗(yàn)

thanks to幸虧,由于

in that既然,因?yàn)?/p>

for the time being暫時(shí),眼下

as usual像往常一樣,照例

make certain確定

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