2.2　銜接手段

“連貫”和“銜接”兩個詞常常一起出現，“連貫”總在“銜接”前面，因為“銜接”以“連貫”為基礎，“連貫”涉及觀點意義的內在邏輯關系，“銜接”則是內在邏輯關系的外在語言表現形式，“連貫”是內在基礎，“銜接”是外在手段。銜接手段包括重復關鍵詞，使用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、上下義詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞、邏輯關聯詞等。

請用下劃線標出下列段落中的銜接手段，思考銜接手段如何表達意義。

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

參考答案

It was the best of times，it was the worst of times，it was the age of wisdom，it was the age of foolishness，it was the epoch of belief，it was the epoch of incredulity，it was the season of Light，it was the season of Darkness，it was the spring of hope，it was the winter of despair，we had everything before us，we had nothing before us，we were all going direct to Heaven，we were all going direct the other way.

以上段落是查爾斯·狄更斯《雙城記》耳熟能詳的開篇，其銜接手段包括重復使用代詞it、同義名詞times、epoch、age、season和代詞we，使用大量反義詞，包括the best和the worst、wisdom和foolishness、belief和incredulity、Light和Darkness、spring of hope和winter of despair、everything和nothing、Heaven和the other way，這些銜接手段表達了當時社會的復雜性和矛盾性，預示了故事中將要展開的復雜情節和人物命運。

請閱讀理解以下段落，理清各個意群之間的邏輯關系，修改劃線處銜接手段，使其正確呈現相關意群之間的邏輯關系。

示例1

[There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery an hour in the morning； and（前面“早上我們確實在無葉灌木叢中漫步一小時”和后面“午餐后天氣變化使得戶外活動不可能”之間是轉折關系，不是并列關系，因此and應該改為but）since dinner（Mrs.Reed, when there was no company, dined early）the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre，rather than（前面陰沉的云和刺骨的雨之間是并列關系，不是轉折關系，因此應該改為and）rain so penetrating, that further out-door exercise was now out of the question.I was glad of it：We（后面的內容是對“I was glad of it”原因的解釋，即為什么我為此感到開心，因此應該改為“I”）never liked long walks, especially on chilly afternoons：dreadful to me was the coming home in the raw twilight, with nipped fingers and toes, and a heart saddened by the chiding of Bessie, the nurse, and humbled by the consciousness of my physical inferiority to Eliza, John, and Georgianna Reed.]

示例2

[It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a person（person意思不對，應該重復前一句關鍵詞man）may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this idea（idea意思不對，應該重復前一句關鍵詞truth）is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.

“My dear Mr.Bennet，”said his lady to him one day，“have you heard that Nether field Park is let at last?”Mr.Bennet replied that he had not.“ And（and表示并列的邏輯關系，“it is”和前面“he had not”呈轉折關系，因此應該改為But）it is，”returned she，“ but（后面的內容是前面“it is”的原因，因此but應該改為for）Mrs.Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”Mr.Bennet made no answer.“Do you not want to know who has taken it?”cried his wife, impatiently.“You want to tell me，because（本句前后兩個分句是并列關系，不是因果關系，因此應該改為and）I have no objection to hearing it.”This was invitation enough.]

示例3

[When I came home to West Egg that night I was afraid for a moment that my house was on fire.Two o’clock and the whole corner of the peninsula was blazing with light which fell unreal on the shrubbery and made thin elongating glints upon the roadside wires.Turning a corner you（全文均以“I”而非第二人稱的視角敘事，因此應該改為“I”）saw that it was Gatsby’s house, lit from tower to cellar. At last（前面“轉過街角的時候，我才看見原來是蓋茨比家，從塔樓到地窖都燈火通明”和后面“我還以為這又是一次晚會”之間沒有其他事件發生，應該改為Atfirst表示我起初的認識）I thought it was another party, a wild rout that had resolved itself into“hide-and-go-seek”or“sardines-in-the-box”with all the house thrown open to the game. Hence（前面以為的“一次狂野縱情的交際狂歡，玩兒法是“捉迷藏”或“罐頭沙丁魚”之類的游戲，整棟別墅的人都展開胸懷熱切擁抱這項娛樂”和后面“沒有一點聲音”是轉折關系，不是因果關系，因此應該改為But）there wasn’t a sound.Only wind in the trees which blew the wires and made the lights go off and on again as if the house had winked into the darkness.As my taxi groaned away I saw Gatsby walking toward me across his lawn.]