Day 2

實戰(zhàn)演練

AtAcertain period in Earth's history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of oxygen.As Away of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth's surface.Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate.New studies show that the amount of iron on EArth's surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced.Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth's surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant life.

——GRE OG 2nd Edition, Practice Test 1, Verbal Reasoning, Section 3

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.The first isAclaim made by the argument in support ofAcertain position; the second is that position.

B.The first isAjudgment made by the argument aboutAcertain explanation; the second is that explanation.

C.The first expresses the argument's dismissal of an objection to the position it seeks to establish; the second is that position.

D.The first sums up the argument's position with regard toAcertain hypothesis; the second provides grounds for that position.

E.The first isAconcession by the argument that its initial formulation of the position it seeks to establi s h requires modification; the second presents that position inAmodified form.

答案：D

答案解析

題目問的是粗體的兩個部分所起的作用，那我們就分別看看這兩個部分的內(nèi)容，并分別與選項的兩個部分對應。本段的第二句提出了一種假設“幾乎所有產(chǎn)生的氧氣都被地球表面的鐵吸收了”，緊接著出現(xiàn)了第一個粗體部分“這一解釋明顯是不充足/不適當?shù)摹保ā皌his explanation”即指代第二句提出的假設），由此可以看出，第一個粗體部分是在反駁前一觀點，因此可以排除選項A“第一部分支持某一觀點，第二部分是一個觀點”，選項C“第一部分是取消對想要建立的觀點的反對，第二部分即為這個觀點”，選項E“第一部分承認最初想要建立的觀點需要更改，第二部分提出了修改后的觀點”，所以只能在B和D中選擇。第二個粗體部分內(nèi)容是解釋并支持觀點“這一解釋明顯是不充足的”，如果對選項B“第一部分是對某一解釋的評價，第二部分是解釋的內(nèi)容”仔細分析的話，“解釋的內(nèi)容”應該是指段落開頭的兩句話，而不是第二個粗體部分的內(nèi)容，因此是錯誤的，所以選項D“第一部分總結(jié)關于某一假設的觀點，第二部分為第一部分的觀點提供依據(jù)”是正確的。

英文重現(xiàn)

Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate.New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth's surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced.

解析

1.詞組“not anywhere near”相當于“nowhere near/far from”意思是“離得遠，差得遠，肯定不”。

2.“as much (many)as”表示數(shù)量相當?shù)谋容^級，意思是“和……一樣多（一樣的程度）”，在此表示鐵吸收的氧氣量和植物釋放出的氧氣量在數(shù)量上相當，類似的例子如：

I don't have as much responsibility as he does.

我承擔的責任沒有他多。

關于這個搭配的第二個“as”后面的結(jié)構(gòu)該怎么寫，大家可以采用一個小竅門：因為“as much (sth.)”部分需要在第二個“as”后面句子中充當一定結(jié)構(gòu)（如例句中的“as much responsibility”充當“has”的賓語，可寫為“he has as much responsibility”），所以第二個“as”后面的結(jié)構(gòu)就是將“as much (sth.)”這部分去掉以后剩下的部分（當后半句中的動詞和前半句中的動詞一致時，后半句中的動詞我們可以簡單地用動詞“do”相應的形式代替）。而我們給出的句子中，后半部分可改寫成“as much oxygen was being produced”；大家試想一下，我們假設句子后半部分可改寫成主動語態(tài)“plants were producing as much oxygen”，那么還原后的句子是怎樣的呢？應該是：

“the amount of iron on Earth's s u rface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as plants were producing”。

詞義辨析

參考翻譯

但是，這種解釋明顯是不充足的。新的研究表明，地球表層鐵的含量遠不足以吸收掉所有釋放出的氧氣。