- 臨床病理診斷與鑒別診斷:泌尿及男性生殖系統(tǒng)疾病
- 周曉軍 余英豪主編
- 1427字
- 2022-04-21 16:02:32
第八章 髓質(zhì)海綿腎
【定義】
髓質(zhì)海綿腎(medullar sponge kidney,MSK)是一種先天性發(fā)育異常,表現(xiàn)為腎髓質(zhì)乳頭部的集合管擴(kuò)張,呈囊狀。多數(shù)MSK為散發(fā)性,少數(shù)為遺傳性。
【臨床特征】
1.流行病學(xué)
(1)發(fā)病率:
發(fā)病率約為1/5 000~1/2 000,普通人群發(fā)病率小于0.5%,在復(fù)發(fā)性草酸鈣結(jié)石患者中約占12%~20%。
(2)發(fā)病年齡:
多數(shù)在年輕成人患者中得到確診,但常在出生時(shí)已經(jīng)存在。
(3)性別:
男性多見。
2.癥狀
表現(xiàn)為復(fù)發(fā)性尿路結(jié)石及感染等并發(fā)癥,并有腎絞痛,腰背部疼痛和間歇性血尿、膿尿等。
3.實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查
顯示為尿路結(jié)石及尿路感染等并發(fā)癥相關(guān)的異常。
4.影像學(xué)特點(diǎn)
超聲顯示雙腎大小正常或略增大,可見圍繞髓質(zhì)呈放射狀的無(wú)回聲區(qū)和強(qiáng)回聲光點(diǎn),伴有后方聲影;腹部平片顯示多發(fā)性結(jié)石在腎乳頭區(qū)呈簇狀、放射狀排列;尿路造影顯示雙腎乳頭呈“畫筆”樣;CT平掃示雙腎錐體內(nèi)多發(fā)小結(jié)石,呈斑點(diǎn)狀。
5.治療
主要針對(duì)并發(fā)癥,無(wú)癥狀和并發(fā)癥時(shí)不需治療。
6.預(yù)后
如反復(fù)并發(fā)尿路結(jié)石、尿路感染及腎盂腎炎時(shí),可致腎功能受損,預(yù)后不良。
【病理變化】
1.大體特征
多為雙側(cè)腎臟受累。多數(shù)腎臟大體正常,約1/3患者腎臟彌漫性輕度增大。切面腎錐體見大小不等囊腫(多數(shù)直徑<1.5mm),常伴小結(jié)石。
2.鏡下特征
(1)組織學(xué)特征:
腎錐體囊腫內(nèi)壁襯覆立方至柱狀上皮,接近尿路上皮處可見上皮復(fù)層化;囊腔內(nèi)含嗜伊紅染物質(zhì),也可見磷酸鹽結(jié)石/草酸鈣結(jié)石、多核巨細(xì)胞、紅細(xì)胞;間質(zhì)可見纖維化及炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);腎錐體外的腎實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)無(wú)囊腫形成。
(2)免疫組化:
腎錐體囊腫內(nèi)襯上皮EMA陽(yáng)性。
3.基因遺傳學(xué)特征
約5%患者為常染色體顯性遺傳,可能與GDNF和RET基因突變或多態(tài)性相關(guān)。此外還可能與腎母細(xì)胞瘤、尿路發(fā)育異常、Beckwith-Wiedemann綜合征、Rabson-Mendenhall綜合征、先天性肝纖維化、Ehlers-Danlos綜合征、MEN2及馬凡氏綜合征相關(guān)。
【鑒別診斷】
常染色體顯性遺傳多囊腎病(ADPKD)
可表現(xiàn)為腎盞周圍腎小管擴(kuò)張,但皮質(zhì)囊腫和家族史的存在有助于區(qū)別MSK的散發(fā)性病例。
(王景美 付堯 樊祥山)
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]Davis TK,Hoshi M,Jain S.To bud or not to bud:the RET perspective in CAKUT.Pediatr Nephrol,2014,29(4):597-608.
[2]Hoshi M,Batourina E,Mendelsohn C,et al.Novel mechanisms of early upper and lower urinary tract patterning regulated by RetY1015 docking tyrosine in mice.Development,2012,139(13):2405-2415.
[3]Yosypiv IV.Congenitalanomalies of the kidney and urinary tract:a genetic disorder?Int J Nephrol,2012:909083.
[4]Song R,Yosypiv IV.Genetics of congenital anomaliesof the kidney and urinary tract.Pediatr Nephrol,2011,26(3):353-364.
[5]Davis TK.To bud or not to bud:the RET perspective in CAKUT.Pediatr Nephrol,2014,29(4):597-608.
[6]Hoshi M,Batourina E,Mendelsohn C.Novel mechanisms of early upper and lower urinary tract patterning regulated by RetY1015 docking tyrosine in mice.Development,2012,139(13):2405-2415.
[7]Gubler MC.Renal tubular dysgenesis.Pediatr Nephrol,2014,29(1):51-59.
[8]Hibino S,Sasaki H,Abe Y,et al.Renal function in angiotensinogen gene-mutated renal tubular dysgenesis with glomerular cysts.Pediatr Nephrol,2015,30(2):357-360.
[9]Mao Z,Chong J,Ong AC.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease:recent advances in clinical management.F1000Res,2016,18(5):2029.
[10]Reddy BV,Chapman AB.The spectrum of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children and adolescents.Pediatr Nephrol,2017,32(1):31-42.
[11]Chung EM,Conran RM,Schroeder JW,et al.From the radiologic pathology archives:pediatric polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies:radiologic-pathologic correlation.Radiographics,2014,34(1):155-178.
[12]Lonergan GJ,Rice RR,Suarez ES.Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease:radiologic-pathologic correlation.Radiographics,2000,20(3):837-855.
[13]Denamur E,Delezoide AL,Alberti C,et al.Genotype-phenotype correlations in fetuses and neonates with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.Kidney Int,2010,77(4):350-358.
[14]Lennerz JK,Spence DC,Iskandar SS,et al.Glomerulocystic kidney:one hundred-year perspective.Arch Pathol Lab Med,2010,134(4):583-605.
[15]Bissler JJ,Siroky BJ,Yin H.Glomerulocystic kidney disease.Pediatr Nephrol,2010,25(10):2049-2056.
[16]CramerMT,Guay-Woodford LM.Cystic kidney disease:a primer.Adv Chronic Kidney Dis,2015,22(4):297-305.
[17]van den Bosch CM,van Wijk JA,Beckers GM,et al.Urological and nephrological findings of renal ectopia.J Urol,2010,183(4):1574-1578.
[18]Chen RY,Chang H.Renal dysplasia.Arch Pathol Lab Med,2015,139(4):547-551.
[19]Phua Y,Ho J.Renal dysplasia in the neonate.Curr Opin Pediatr,2016,28(2):209-215.
[20]Gambaro G,Danza FM,F(xiàn)abris A.Medullary sponge kidney.Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens,2013,22(4):421-426.
[21]Fabris A,Anglani F,Lupo A,et al.Medullary sponge kidney:state of the art.Nephrol Dial Transplant,2013,28(5):1111-1119.
[22]Torregrossa R,Anglani F,F(xiàn)abris A,et al.Identification of GDNF gene sequence variations in patientswithmedullary sponge kidneydisease.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol,2010,5(7):1205-1210.
- 損傷性疼痛診療與康復(fù)
- 傳染病影像學(xué)診斷指南
- 肥胖癥中西醫(yī)臨床實(shí)踐
- 實(shí)用臨床護(hù)理專科知識(shí)問(wèn)答:骨科
- 冠狀動(dòng)脈慢性閉塞病變介入治療2013:進(jìn)展與病例分享
- 小兒神經(jīng)科中西醫(yī)結(jié)合臨床護(hù)理實(shí)踐
- 催眠人生:催眠治療學(xué)探索
- 運(yùn)動(dòng)治療
- 非自然死亡
- 細(xì)胞病理學(xué)常見病例診斷及鑒別診斷
- 支氣管鏡檢查實(shí)用手冊(cè)
- 神經(jīng)內(nèi)科常見疾病診療要點(diǎn)
- 社會(huì)康復(fù)學(xué)
- 中國(guó)健康成年人腦圖譜及腦模板構(gòu)建
- 宮頸癌篩查及臨床處理:細(xì)胞學(xué)、組織學(xué)和陰道鏡學(xué)