第9解

appeal by right

【英文】Appeals by right constitute three-quarters of intermediate appel-late court caseloads.

【譯文】權利上訴案件占中級上訴法院待處理案件的四分之三。

【解釋】appeal by right可譯為“權利上訴”，如對于最終判決（final judgment：亦即一審判決，而非終審判決）之上訴，一般都是appeal by right，此時法院如無正當理由，必須受理上訴。該上訴有時也稱為appeal as of right（基于正當權利的上訴）。

與appeal by right 相對應的是appeal by permission（批準上訴），指須由上訴法院經自由裁量后向下級法院簽發“調取案卷令”（writ of certiorari）后予以受理的上訴。

本例中的appeal指an application to a higher court for a decision to be reversed（向上一級法院申請，要求改判），因其為復數，其意應為“權利上訴案件”。

再如：

1.Appeals by right dominate intermediate appellate court caseloads.〔譯文：權利上訴案件占中級上訴法院待處理案件中的絕大多數。〕

2.For the 2009 reporting period，26 courts of last resort and 24 intermediate appellate courts reported complete appeal by right caseloads.For these courts，appeals by right equaled 25 percent and 75 percent of the total caseload，respectively.The fact that intermediate appellate courts handle more appeals by right than courts of last resort is an artifact of having a two-tiered appellate system in which the appellant’s first appeal，or the appeal as of right，is filed with and considered by the intermediate appellate court.State courts of last resort have， over the years，given more of this first appeal responsibility to the intermediate appellate courts，but all courts of last resort maintain some type of appeal by right jurisdiction.

〔譯文：在2009年的報表期間，26個終極審判法院和24個中級上訴法院報告了完整的權利上訴案件。對于此兩類法院來說，權利上訴案件分別占整個待處理案件總量的25%和75%。中級上訴法院比終極審判法院處理更多的上訴案件這一現象表明了法院之兩級上訴體制，該體制下上訴者第一次上訴，或者說基于正當權利的上訴應提交給中級上訴法院并由其作出決策。（美國）州法院多年來將此類第一次上訴責任更多地給了中級上訴法院，但所有終極審判法院都保留了某種權利上訴的管轄權。〕

3.Q：What court grants appeal by permission only ？ A：The Supreme Court of the United States has full discretion over the cases reviewed under its appellate jurisdiction.Appellants submit a “petition for a writ of certiorari，”asking the Court to consider a case.If the Supreme Court believes the petition has merit，they may grant certiorari（grant cert）and issue a writ of certiorari（order to the lower court to send case records）.When the justices grant cert，they are essentially granting permission to the petitioner to bring a case before the Court.〔譯文：問：哪一級法院僅授予批準上訴權？答：美國聯邦最高法院對所有其下的上訴法院復審的案件都有完全的自由裁量權。上訴人提交“調卷令之訴訟請求”，要求該法院就某一案件作出裁決。如果聯邦最高法院認為該請求有勝訴可能，法官們則會準予調卷（grant cert）并簽發調卷令（命令下級法院呈送案卷記錄之命令）。聯邦最高法院大法官們準予調卷請求后，他們實際上批準了上訴人要求在該法院（最后）審理的請求。〕

另外，在對法院年度報告的統計表里，常以如下方式表示各類案件審理的比例。