?4．食品飲料?

apple蘋果——bad apple壞蘋果→不好的因素（成分等）

At the end of each academic term on many US campuses, students complete evaluations of their course instructors. It is a process that has been criticized for years, and yet it shows a very common desire: to find an effective way to weed out the bad apples.

每學期結束時，美國許多學校的學生會對他們的課程導師進行測評。這種做法多年來飽受批評，但體現了一個非常普遍的愿望：找到一種有效的方法來剔除一些不好的老師。

apple pie蘋果派——as American as apple pie典型美國式的，美國特色的

America has earned the dubious distinction of being No. 1 in the world for over-criminalizing and over-incarcerating its residents. Sixty-five million US adults have a criminal record, making incarceration and the lifetime punishment that flows from involvement in the system “as American as apple pie”.

過度犯罪和過度監禁居民方面，美國已成為世界第一，聲名狼藉。6500萬美國成年人有犯罪記錄，使得監禁和由于反對體制而遭受的終身監禁如同“蘋果派一樣具有美國傳統特色”。

bacon咸肉，腌肉——bring home the bacon養家糊口

Despite our drooping economy (and some great parenting fathers), I suspect we will not see a plethora of stay-at-home dads. Most men will simply find new ways to bring home the bacon.

盡管我們的經濟萎靡不振（還有一些養育子女的好父親），我想我們不會看到過多的全職奶爸。大多數男人會找到新出路來養家糊口。

beef牛肉——beef up加強；增援；補充（人數、兵力等）

When a breach is discovered, executives must take decisive action,beefing up their systems’defenses and alerting law enforcement when appropriate.

一旦發現漏洞，管理人員必須采取果斷行動，加強系統的防御，并在適當的時候提醒執法機關。

beef牛肉——beefed-up加強的

Does that mean it’s time for a beefed-up code of conduct for passengers?

這是否意味著是時候對乘客實施加強版的行為規范了？

biscuit餅干——a fresh plate of biscuits一盤剛出爐的餅干→受歡迎的人或者物

I joined Tinder after hearing a bunch of my guy friends speak about it as if it were a fresh plate of biscuits.

聽了一幫朋友的談論，我也加入了交友網站Tinder，感覺這個網站就好像是一盤剛出爐的餅干，受人喜愛。

bland（食物）淡的→乏味的

First- and second-year students are subjected to bland introductory courses taught primarily by graduate students.

一、二年級的學生不得不上一些主要由研究生講授的乏味的入門課程。

boil煮沸——boil it down to將其概括為

The sales pitch was all about making college accessible, helping people fit it into their busy schedules. But over the years it’s somehow been boiled down to “Hey, you wanna get a master’s degree without leaving your master bedroom?”.

推銷的說辭是：使大家都能上得起大學，幫助大家安排繁忙的日程表。但幾年過去了，多少可歸結為“嘿，你想不用離開主臥而獲得碩士學位嗎？”。

bread面包——breadwinner掙面包的人→負擔生計的人，養家糊口的人

When men were the primary breadwinners in families and women stayed home, women with a college degree were the least likely group of women to marry.

當男性是家庭的主要經濟支柱而女性留在家中時，擁有大學學歷的女性就成為最不可能結婚的女性群體。

cake蛋糕——the icing on the cake蛋糕上的糖霜→錦上添花；如虎添翼；更重要的是

The icing on the cake is the total disconnect between student job expectations, college curricula, and the realities of today’s labor market.

更重要的是學生對工作的期望、大學課程和當今勞動力市場現狀之間的完全脫節。

carrot胡蘿卜→誘餌；動因

The study of coding forces students to learn proper syntax or “spelling” to make their scripts run. Perhaps it could be used as a carrot to drive students to learn the foundations of reading, writing and arithmetic.

對編碼的學習迫使學生學習正確的語法或“拼寫”來運行他們的腳本。也許可以用它作為一種誘因來激勵學生學習閱讀、寫作和算術基礎。

carrot胡蘿卜——carrot and stick胡蘿卜、大棒并用→軟硬兼施

Music industry groups concede that too, but they insist the combination of carrot and stick is the key to changing consumer behavior.

一些音樂產業公司也承認了這點，但他們堅持認為胡蘿卜加大棒（即軟硬兼施）的政策是改變消費者行為的關鍵。

cheese奶酪——big cheese大塊奶酪→大人物

As the big cheese in the outfit, Mike learns how to motivate the rank and file, which is the leading factor of their success.

作為團體中的重要人物，邁克知道如何調動普通員工的積極性，這才是成功的關鍵因素。

cocktail雞尾酒→混合，綜合

To support a career in the arts in 2013 requires a cocktail of connections, financial support, talent and tremendous luck—and many of us just starting our professional lives are choosing more stable paths.

要想在2013年的藝術生涯中獲得支持，須要有人脈、資金支持、才能和天大的好運等綜合因素，而我們中剛剛開始職業生涯的許多人選擇了更穩健的道路。

coke可樂→吸食可卡因

A student living on campus will have more of a “dorm” lifestyle, with university or thirdparty employees living in the residence halls conducting room checks and enforcing campus policies—like restrictions on opposite-sex visitors and bans on coking in rooms and burning candles.

住校的學生擁有的不僅僅是一般的“宿舍”生活方式，因為住在宿舍樓的大學管理人員或第三方雇員會一起進行宿舍檢查和執行校園政策，例如限制異性進入宿舍、禁止在宿舍里吸食可卡因和點蠟燭。

cookie餅干——cookie-cutter餅干模型切割刀→同樣模式的，千篇一律的

If poor parents would rather have child care, parenting classes or access to private preschools, then policy makers should try to meet these demands creatively rather than impose a government-knows-best cookie-cutter solution.

如果貧窮的父母也想要有兒童看護、上育兒課程或送孩子上私立幼兒園，那么，政策制定者應該嘗試創造性地滿足這些需求，而不是強加一個什么“政府最權威的”、千篇一律的解決方案。

dine-and-dash吃了就跑→吃霸王餐

Language is no less exacting than math. As the book title Eats, Shoots and Leaves demonstrates, a single comma can change a sentence about the diet of a panda to one describing the behavior of a dine-and-dash killer.

語言和數學一樣嚴謹。正如書名《吃了（東西），開了一槍，然后離開》所示，一個逗號可以改變一個句子。本是關于熊貓的飲食，現在倒成了描述吃霸王餐的行為。

eat吃——eat at困擾

Violent crimes eat at the very core of a free society.

暴力犯罪正困擾著自由社會的核心。

egg雞蛋——egg on鼓動，慫恿

What’s ironic about this glut of business majors is this: The students, often egged on by their parents, are pursuing their vocational degree because they assume that it’s the ticket to a six-figure income.

主修商科的人數過剩，其具有諷刺意味的是：常常受到父母鼓動的學生追求商科文憑，是因為他們認為這是進入收入達六位數行業的一張門票。

egg蛋——nest egg留窩蛋→儲備金；私房錢

Second, many young people with decent earning potential would likely be attracted to the idea of saving someone’s life in exchange for a nest egg or help paying off a loan.

第二，許多收入潛力相當好的年輕人很可能會有這樣的想法：挽救某人生命的同時可以掙取一些私房錢或有助于還清貸款。

egg雞蛋——put all the eggs in one basket把所有的雞蛋都放在一個籃子里→孤注一擲

There is no parenting secret that ensures that your children will grow up and be successful adults. So why would you want to sacrifice your career, your financial security and oftentimes your happiness all in the name of motherhood? To me that is putting all the eggs in one basket, pun intended.

沒有養育秘籍可以確保你的孩子長大成人并取得成功。那么，為什么你要以為人母的名義來犧牲掉你的事業、經濟保障以及幸福？對我來說，這就是雙關語所示的那樣：把所有的雞蛋都放在一個籃子里，太孤注一擲了。

jam果醬→jam session即興表演

We could perhaps achieve these goals with a variety of post-workday happy hour options where there’s a drink offering—alcohol and alcohol-free—at the end of the activity: a group bike ride or brisk walk for fitness types, a chess gathering for chess lovers, a poetry reading for poetry buffs, a jam session for musicians and music lovers; and yes, beer and wine tastings for those aficionados.

我們也許可以通過下班后“快樂時光”的各種選擇來實現這些目標，比如在以下活動結束時提供含酒精和不含酒精的飲料：一群人為了健身而騎自行車或快步走，國際象棋愛好者聚在一起下棋，詩歌愛好者朗讀詩歌，音樂家和音樂愛好者即興表演；還有，嗜酒者可以品嘗啤酒和葡萄酒。

lard豬油——be larded with夾雜著；點綴著

The writing is different: Young adult novels tend to emphasize strong voices and clear, clean descriptive prose, whereas a lot of literary fiction is very focused on style: dense, lyrical, descriptive prose,larded with tons of carefully observed detail, which calls attention to its own virtuosity rather than ushering the reader to the next paragraph with a minimum of fuss.

寫作有所不同：少年小說傾向于強調強有力的聲音和清晰、簡潔的描述性散文，而很多文學小說非常注重風格——密集的、抒情的、描述性的散文，夾雜著大量的仔細觀察的細節，呼吁重視自己的寫作技巧而不是引導讀者輕松地閱讀下一段。

lighter fare口味淡的食品→輕松的小說

The conversation about summer reading got us thinking: Aren’t most of us reading this lighter fare year-round? Is that what novels are now expected to be: more entertaining, and less serious?

關于暑期閱讀的對話引起了我們的思考：我們大多數人不是全年都讀這種輕松的小說嗎？這就是現在所期望的小說——更有趣，而且不那么嚴肅嗎？

loaf一條面包→游手好閑；混日子

Is it easier to loaf on the couch instead of going for a run?

在沙發上閑坐著比去跑步更容易嗎？

pretzel椒鹽卷餅→柔軟的、有韌性的人或者物

A third of my friends work full-time outside the home. Another third are unemployed. And a final third have created a hybrid model that includes part-time, flex-time or work from home. Our employment models may vary, but we all twist ourselves into human pretzels for the sake of our children.

我朋友中有三分之一在外全職工作。另外三分之一處于失業狀態。最后三分之一創造了一種混合模式，包括兼職、彈性工作或在家工作。我們的就業模式可能會有所不同，但為了孩子，我們都把自己扭成人類的椒鹽卷餅，個個都很有柔韌性。

recipe食譜；烹飪法→秘訣

These shifts in gender norms come with pain and conflict, of course. But they can also be a win-win recipe for marriage.

當然，性別規范發生了變化，隨之而來的是痛苦和沖突。但這些轉變也可能是婚姻雙贏的秘訣。

relish給……加佐料→享受

I read, meditated and had plenty of friends. Irelished my solitude. At heart I am a profoundly introverted person.

我閱讀、冥思、廣為交友。我享受孤獨。在內心深處，我是一個性格內向的人。

salt鹽——worth one’s salt值得尊重的

But, as every parent worth his or her salt has reminded their child at least a hundred times, sometimes, life isn’t fair.

但是，每一個值得尊重的父母都要提醒他們的孩子至少上百次：有時候，生活是不公平的。

sample品嘗（食品、飲料等）→體驗

But it was also one of the few places in downtown Silver Spring where I spent money, because while hanging out, I’d stumble on my new favorite novel, or sample the CD my friend kept raving about at the listening station.

但它也是銀泉市中心少數幾個我花錢的地方之一，因為雖然我是去閑逛，我會無意中發現我最喜歡的小說，或者體驗我朋友在試聽臺極力夸贊的激光唱片。

sauce醬油——secret sauce秘制醬料→秘訣

The secret sauce has been early-adopter teachers coming up with ingenious lessons and then sharing their lesson plans and curriculums with other teachers.

秘訣在于早期使用的教師會開發獨具匠心的課程，然后將其教學計劃和課程與其他老師分享。

savor加調味品于→品嘗；欣賞；盡情享受

It makes sense to enjoy the freedom of emerging adulthood while it lasts, and if you’re fortunate enough to go to college,savor that brief opportunity to explore new worlds.

享受少年初長成的自由自在很有意義。另者，如果你夠幸運，能去上大學的話，就要盡情享受這個短暫的機會去探索新的世界。

seasoned調過味的→經驗豐富的

Although the public regularly calls for its leaders and aspiring leaders to be honest at all times, we are all seasoned communicators with a keen understanding of fractional truth.

雖然公眾定期呼吁其領導人和有抱負的領導人要時時刻刻保持誠實，但我們都是經驗豐富的溝通者，能夠敏銳地理解部分真相。

side order副菜，配菜→輔修課程

Any other classes, like “law and literature” or “human rights”, are only side orders for the curricular entrées like “evidence” or “federal courts”.

任何其他的課程，如“法律和文學”或“人權”，都只是“證據”或“聯邦法庭”等主要課程的輔修課程。

simmer燉——simmer down平靜下來，冷靜下來

It apologizes and rolls back some of the changes, and users simmer down.

向用戶道歉并做一些數據回滾，用戶就會冷靜下來。

spoon湯匙→面對背地側身貼著睡

And as they grew up, I realized that soon it wouldn’t be appropriate for my boy to wander into my bed in the middle of the night with his drooping stuffed dog to slip under the covers in a father-son spoon.

他們長大了，而我也意識到，很快我的兒子就不好在半夜的時候抱著那耳朵耷拉下來的、毛茸茸的玩具狗，爬上我的床，父子倆面對背地側身貼著睡。

spoon湯匙——a silver spoon in one’s mouth含著銀湯勺長大，出生在富貴人家

Growing up without a silver spoon in my mouth, I really wanted to be in a position to live not from paycheck to paycheck and have some security.

沒能含著銀湯勺長大，我是真心希望自己不用每天數著工資過日子，希望能夠有一定的安全感。

tea茶——cup of tea喜愛的事物；中意的人

The two Kindles that I purchased for my library are popular, but they have not taken the place of books, just as audio books are not everyone’s cup of tea.

我為我的圖書館購買的兩個Kindle電子閱讀器很受歡迎，但它們并沒有取代書籍，正如有聲書籍并不都是每個人的最愛一樣。

tidbit少而精的食品→珍聞；花邊新聞；小花絮

Are the quick digital tidbits worth less, or do they have authentic meaning because they reflect true feelings at that particular moment; sentiments that may not be documented anywhere else?

快速拍攝的花絮價值更少了嗎？因為反映了在那個特定時刻的真實感覺（一種其他時刻無法記錄的情緒），這些花絮就有真實的意義嗎？