?3．服飾?

boot靴子——a boot camp海軍訓練新兵之營地→訓練營地

Go to aboot camp for obsessive-compulsives.

有強迫癥就去參加訓練營。

boots靴子——die with one’s boots on穿上靴子死去→死在工作崗位上，因公殉職

Some people want to “die with their boots on”, while others would prefer to die wearing sandals or running shoes and in some venue other than the workplace.

有些人想在工作崗位上“穿著靴子死去”，而另一些人則寧愿在工作場所以外的地方穿著涼鞋或跑步鞋的時候死去。

button紐扣——hot button熱門話題；敏感問題

The campaign for same-sex marriage has been lucrative for politicians—attracting big donors just like every other hot button issue.

同性婚姻的運動對政客來說是有利可圖的——就像其他熱點問題一樣吸引捐資大咖。

crown花冠；皇冠→給……戴上桂冠

As contestants gather in Atlantic City to see who will be crowned Miss America 2014, we are reminded of the famous “bra-burning” demonstrations, 45 years ago this month, in which hundreds of women gathered on the boardwalk to protest the pageant, proclaiming it racist and bad for women.

參賽者聚集在大西洋城觀看誰將獲得2014年美國小姐桂冠時，我們想起了四十五年前這個月著名的“焚燒胸罩”示威游行事件；當時，數百名婦女聚集在木板人行道上游行抗議，宣稱選美大賽有種族主義傾向，也有損女性。

fashion時尚→塑造

Many poor girls grow up believing their destinies have already been fashioned by forces beyond their control.

許多貧窮的女孩長大后相信命運已經為自己無法控制的力量所塑造。

fold（布料、衣物等的）褶皺→倍數

By 2050, the number of African-Americans age 65 and older will more than triple, and the number of older Latinos will increase 11-fold.

到2050年，六十五歲以上（含六十五歲）的非裔美國人將增加三倍以上，而較年長的拉丁美洲裔人口將增加十一倍。

label標簽→唱片公司

That said, this happened with vinyl and CDs as record labels decided to release some new records exclusively on iTunes.

也就是說，當唱片公司決定只在iTunes上發布一些新唱片時，黑膠唱片和激光唱片也會發生同樣的情況。

lining襯里——silver lining烏云周圍的白光→（不幸或失望中的）一線希望

If there is a silver lining for students and parents after this hectic time, it may be this: now you have four years for relaxation.

在這緊張的時刻過后，如果學生和家長有一線希望的話，那就是：現在你有四年的時間來放松。

mask面具→掩蓋

It is a question, however, that masks a much more serious issue for parents and children, particularly those in the middle and working classes.

然而，對家長和孩子來說，特別是那些中產和工人階層，這個問題掩蓋了一個更為嚴重的問題。

mirror衣裝鏡→反映

Or they choose electives from a random array of courses designed by faculty for their own convenience that mirror their own concerns, not a considered diagnosis of the needs and interests of students.

或者從一系列隨機排列的課程中選擇選修課程，這些課程的設置是方便教師，反映教師關注的問題，而不考慮分析學生的需要和興趣。

pocket口袋——deep-pocketed有錢的，財大氣粗的

It would, in effect, stifle competition and innovation and hand over an exciting and promising new industry to a small group of deep-pocketed companies that would wield unmatched influence over market direction, consumer choice and public policy—i.e. Big Tobacco.

實際上，它將扼殺競爭和創新，并將一個激勵人心的、有前景的新興產業交給一小撮財力雄厚的公司，這些公司（例如大煙草公司）將在市場走向、消費者選擇和公共政策方面發揮無可比擬的影響力。

purse strings錢袋→財產；資金

Developing nations must watch the purse strings for climate aid.

發展中國家必須看管好氣候援助的資金。

rags破舊衣服——rags to riches從貧窮到巨富→白手起家

And while many of us believe that the American Dream of rags to riches through honest hard work still exists, our experience tells us that far more common is wealth acquired via hustles and scams—both illegal ones and legal—and so we relate to stories that validate our experience.

雖然很多人相信通過誠實、努力而白手起家的美國夢仍然存在，但經驗告訴我們，更常見的財富獲取是通過買賣和詐騙——非法的和合法的——所以我們會涉及一些能驗證經歷的故事。

shoehorn鞋拔→硬塞進

Look, I’m not demanding that diversity get shoehorned into stories.

聽著，我并不是要求多樣性要被硬塞進故事里。

shoes鞋子——put oneself in the shoes of sb. else站在某人的角度（考慮問題）

If you put yourself in the shoes of a child pornography victim, you should recognize the incredible helplessness they experience as a record of their victimization is continually circulated among criminals who derive sexual pleasure from viewing their past exploitation.

如果你站在一個兒童色情作品受害者的角度，你就會意識到他們所經歷的、令人難以置信的無助感，因為他們的受害記錄不斷地在罪犯中傳播，這些罪犯從觀看他們過去制作的色情影片中獲得性快感。

shoes鞋子——take a walk in one’s shoes設身處地地替某人著想

One of the most important decisions they can make is to not just tolerate their classmates, but to mentally take a walk in their shoes. It might be the best lesson they learn in college.

他們所能做的最重要的決定之一，就是不僅要容忍同學，還要設身處地地替同學考慮。這可能是他們在大學里學到的最好的一課。

showcase在玻璃櫥窗陳列→展現

It speeds up possible love connections by showcasing the bonds that tend to strengthen relationships: mutual friends, interests and points of view.

通過展現有助于加強人際關系的紐帶，比如說共同的朋友、興趣和觀點，會促進可能的愛戀關系的進展。

size尺碼——one-size-fits-all一刀切的；普遍適用的；萬全之策的

The truth is that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question because it depends on much more than biology.

事實是沒有一個普遍適用的答案，因為它的決定因素不僅僅是生物學。

skirt裙子→繞過；回避

Plus, network television has done just fine in skirting the rules since the Janet Jackson incident in 2004—for reference, see any episode of Family Guy or American Dad.

另外，網絡電視自2004年珍妮·杰克遜事件以來已經在規避規則方面做得不錯了——大家可以參看《居家男人》或者《特工老爹》的任何季集。

sleeves袖子——roll up one’s sleeves擼起袖子（加油干）

Though I did not have a medical degree or decades of experience, I was encouraged to roll up my sleeves and help.

雖然我沒有醫學學位或幾十年的經驗，但我還是得到鼓勵，擼起袖子（加油干）來幫忙。

straitjacket緊身衣→桎梏

Part of the problem is that the last wave of reform policies has produced a compliance-orientation to schooling that leaves school leaders in a virtual straitjacket.

部分問題在于，最后一波改革政策已經產生了對學校教育的依從性，這讓學校領導處于一種無形的桎梏之中。

strap皮帶——be strapped for...受到……的約束

Libraries are perennially strapped for cash and are at risk of being forced to cut back hours and services, but they have space and plenty of visitors.

圖書館常年捉襟見肘，有著被迫削減開館時間和服務的風險，但仍有空間和大量的訪客。

strapped用皮帶裝飾的→身無分文的；資金短缺的

In effect, Facebook’s outsized power is causing already strapped news organizations to invest in varied costly endeavors to appeal to Facebook’s whims.

實際上，臉書的超大規模已經讓資金短缺的新聞機構做了各種各樣耗資的努力，以迎合臉書的奇思妙想。

tailor剪裁→使合適

What students really need is an education system that understands that all children learn differently, and is tailored to their individual needs—not their sex.

學生真正需要的是這樣的教育體制：能理解所有孩子學有不同，而且是根據孩子的個人需求而不是性別定制的。

tailor-made裁縫制的→特制的；量身定做的

In an era when most people can be confident of living to be at least 80 years old, there is now room for a new life stage of emerging adulthood, from the late teens through the 20s, that is tailor-made for the explorations the college experience encourages.

在一個大多數人都有自信能活到至少八十歲的時代，從青少年晚期到二十幾歲的青年這個人生階段，現在已經有了新的發展空間，這也是為大學經歷所激勵的探索而量身打造的。

tie系領帶——be tied to...與……有關

But part of the reason for the obsolescence of middle-class values is tied to the effects of the Great Recession, which has put pressures on all families, whatever their income level, whether it be the need for both parents to work or the financial tensions that lead to divorce or deferred marriage.

但中產階級價值觀退化的部分原因是跟經濟大衰退的影響有關系。無論他們的收入水平如何，無論父母雙方是否都須要工作，或者無論是經濟緊張導致離婚或推遲結婚，經濟大衰退給所有的家庭都帶來很大的壓力。

tote手提包→攜帶，帶著

The women who pioneered groups supportive of attachment-parenting, like La Leche League International, and started publications like Mothering are not competitive corporate-minded trendy celebrity divas toting secret nannies on the side, nor are they perfection-driven bored subjugated barefoot lonely women setting feminism back 200 years.

開拓親密育兒法機構（如國際母乳協會）的女性，以及開始出版像《育兒》這種雜志的女性，并不是那些身邊帶著保姆、具有商業競爭意識的時尚名流，也不是追求完美的、無趣的、被壓制的、赤腳的、讓女權主義倒退了二百年的孤獨女性。

tow麻的粗纖維——in tow一起

Becoming a mother in young adulthood may take an especially large toll on African-American women because their families often lack the resources to help them overcome the challenges of continuing their education and establishing a career with children in tow.

年紀輕輕就為人母，對于非裔美國婦女來講，傷害尤為重大，因為她們的家庭缺乏資源，所以在繼續接受教育和開創職業生涯的同時，還要一并養育孩子這方面，她們得不到家庭的幫助。

uncap脫（帽）——uncapped無管帽的→無上限的；不封頂的

Automakers, for example, strictly control prices for their suppliers—a business model that would suffer greatly under the new rule because of the potential for additional uncapped costs.

例如，汽車制造商嚴格控制其供應商的價格——這是一種商業模式，在新規則下會受到很大影響，因為可能會有額外的無上限成本。

velvet glove天鵝絨手套→外柔內剛；表面溫和的東西

Instead, in an obvious attempt to blunt near universal criticism of its velvet glove approach, last month Treasury took largely meaningless action against just three of the servicers by temporarily withholding payments until they stop violating the program’s rules—something to which they had largely already committed in a previous unrelated settlement with their regulators—and then paying them in full.

相反，明顯地想要中止幾近全民批評的、天鵝絨手套式外柔內剛的方法，上個月財政部反對三大服務商的措施幾乎沒有多大意義，因為財政部只是暫時拒付款額，直到他們不再違反該項目的規則——其實在此前與監管機構達成的一項不相關的和解中已經承諾這么做了——然后全部支付。

vested（西服套裝）帶背心的→既定的；既得的

We have a societal responsibility and a vested interest to take advantage of innovation while guarding against exploitation.

我們有社會責任和既得利益來利用創新，同時防范剝削。

vogue時尚——in vogue流行，盛行

High-stakes evaluations are in vogue not only in higher education but also in elementary and high school.

對教師進行測評不僅在大學，而且在小學和中學都很盛行。

wig假發——big wig一頭假發→大人物

As the big wig among the crowd, he can’t go anywhere without the protections of the bodyguards, who cost the taxpayers a lot.

作為大人物出現在人群中，他到哪里都受到保鏢的保護，而雇用這些保鏢要花掉納稅人好多錢。