（31）類別的介詞
1. 表時(shí)間的介詞：
① at，in，on
at 用于黎明、正午、夜半、何時(shí)、何分等短時(shí)間，即指 a point of time（時(shí)的一點(diǎn)）的場合；in 用于年、月、四季、世紀(jì)等長時(shí)間，即指 a period of time（時(shí)的期間）的場合；on 用于表示固定的時(shí)日。
A fire broke out at dawn.（在黎明時(shí)）
The meeting adjourned for an hour at noon.（正午）
The temperature is mild in spring.（在春天里）
Our school holds a regatta in April.（在四月中）
We went on an excursion on Wednesday.（在禮拜三）
Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October，1492.（在十二日）
比較: |
I take a walk early in the morning. I did not take a walk on the morning of the 10th. |
② in，within，after
in 用以表示“期間的經(jīng)過”，within 用以表示“期間內(nèi)”，after 用以表示“以過去為起點(diǎn)的期間的經(jīng)過”。
He will be here in a week.（再過一禮拜他就會(huì)到這里來。）
He will be back within a week.（他在一禮拜內(nèi)就會(huì)回來的。）
After a week he came back.（過了一禮拜他回來了。）
③ till，by；since，from
till 是表示繼續(xù)的終止點(diǎn)，作“直到”解；by 是表示完結(jié)的時(shí)限，作“到……為止”解；since 是表示繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，作“從……以來”解；from 是表示事情開始的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，作“從”解。since 要和“現(xiàn)在完成”同用，而 from 則多是和“過去”同用的。
My brother will stay there till the end of next year.（我哥哥要在那里住到明年年底。）
My brother will come back by the end of next year.（我哥哥到明年底為止就會(huì)回來的。）
He has lived here since 1900.（從1900年以來。）
He lived in Japan from 1900 to 1910.（從1900到1910年。）
④ before，after；past，to
都是表示時(shí)間的前后的，不過 past 和 to 系用于鐘表上的時(shí)刻。
I started before noon and arrived after dark.
It is a quarter past seven by my watch.
He left home at a quarter to seven.
⑤ for，during，through
for 是表示“期間”，during 是表示“狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)中”，而 through 就是表示“從頭到尾”的意思。
His lecture lasted for an hour.（繼續(xù)一小時(shí)。）
He was very kind during my stay in London.（滯留倫敦的時(shí)期。）
He worked hard through the summer.（整個(gè)夏季。）
2. 表地點(diǎn)的介詞：
① at，in
at 用于比較狹小的地方，in 用于比較寬大的地方，如村鎮(zhèn)等用 at；都市、國家等用 in。
He lives at a small village near Tainan.（住在臺(tái)南附近一小村中）。
Radio is all the rage in Europe and America.（無線電在歐美大為流行）。
② on，beneath；above，below；ever，under；up，down
on 表示“表面的接觸”，beneath 表示“底下的接觸”；above 表示“高”（higher than），below 表示“低”（lower than），是說高低的；over 表示“頂頭上面”，under 表示“直接下面”；而 up 和 down 便單是表上下的。
There is a book on the table.
He took it from beneath his coat.
A beautiful full moon rose above the horizon.
The sun has just sunk below the horizon.
I saw several airplanes flying over the city.
We took shelter from the rain under a pine tree.
At dawn he went up the hill.
We sailed down the river.
③ in，into，out of
in 是表示在中間的一種靜止的狀態(tài)，into 是表示從外入內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，out of 是表示在外面的狀態(tài)，或是出到外面來的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Fish live in the water；they cannot live out of it.
He came into the room when we were going out of it.
④ along，across，through
along 是表示“沿著”一個(gè)長東西的位置，across 表“交叉”或“橫斷”，through 表“貫通”。
The ship sailed along the coast.
A road runs across the plain.
The river flows through the city.
⑤ in front of，behind
in front of 是“在前”，behind 是“在后”。
There is an automobile in front of the school.
He hid himself behind the door.
⑥ on，off
on 是說表面的接觸，off 則相反地，為離去之意。
You should not put your elbows on the table.（勿置肘于桌。）
The glass rolled off the table.（玻璃杯從食桌上滾下去了。）
⑦ between，among
between 是說二者之間，among 則為多數(shù)之間。
He lives about half-way between Taipei and Taichung.
The robins were playing among the trees.
⑧ around，round，about
around 表示周圍靜止的位置，round 表示在周圍回轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，about 則為漠然地說那周圍。
We sat around the fire.
Let us walk round the pond.
We rowed about the pond.
（注）在美國 around 與 round 二詞常混用。
⑨ by，beside，at
by，beside 是表示“偶然的接近”，at 是表示“有意志的接近”。
There is a pinetree by（beside）the gate.
Wives are chatting at the well.
⑩ to，for，toward
to 用于 go，come 等動(dòng)詞，for 用于 start，leave 等動(dòng)詞，二者都是表目的地的。toward 便有“向著”之意，單表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向。
He went to Europe last week.
He left Taipei for America.
He ran toward the seashore.
3. 表來源的介詞：from，of
What part of the country does he come from？
That young man is of a noble family.
4. 表材料或原料的介詞：from，of（from 表原料，of 表材料）
Brandy is made from grapes.
Her clothes are made of muslin.
He makes many things out of paper.
（注）make 如與 of 分離的話，就常要用 out of 代替 of。
5. 表行為者及手段的介詞：by，with
by 用于 Passive 之后，行為者之前；with 表示用什么工具，而 by 則表示用什么手段。
He was killed by a burglar.（行為者）
He was killed with a pistol.（工具）
He left Taipei for America by Pan American Clipper.（手段）
比較: |
You must write your dictation with pen and ink. But you must not write it in red ink. |
6. 表原因的介詞：from，of，through，at，over，with，for
①from 表直接的原因
He is suffering from influenza.
②of 表死因，但如說出 cause 一字來，便要用 from 了
His brother died of typhoid fever.
Cf. He died from unknown cause.
③through 表存在的原因，主要指不注意、疏忽等的原因
It was entirely through your neglect that your child was run over by a motorcar.
④at 用于見聞及喜怒哀樂等場合，over 則用于表示成為原因的事情
The whole nation rejoiced at the news of victory.
The nation rejoiced over the victory.
⑤with 是表由外界而及于肉體的原因，for 是表于心靈的無形的原因
He is shivering with cold on the ice.
I tremble for your safety.
7. 表目的的介詞：for，after，on
Some work for money，others for fame.
What is he after？
He has gone to America on business.
8. 表理由的介詞：for，on
California is famous for its oranges.
He declined on the ground of previous engagement.
9. 表結(jié)果的介詞：to，into
表一般的結(jié)果都是用 to，表變化的結(jié)果才用 into。
To his great surprise，he found the house quite neat and clean.
Wheat is ground into flour.
10. 表比較的介詞：with，to
同類相比用 with，異物相比用 to。
The Thames is not to be compared with the Yangtze River.
We compare life to a voyage.