官术网_书友最值得收藏!

(16)疑問代詞

疑問代詞用于問人及物的場合,共有 who、what、which 三個詞。這三個疑問代詞,是單復數通用的,what、which 沒有所有格,其主格及賓格同形,惟有 who 在其格(Case)上有些變化。

主格

所有格

賓格

who

whose

whom

what

what

which

which

1. who 是用于人的,問人的姓名及血族關系,例如:

Who is he?He is Mr. Chang.(姓名)

Who is she?She is my aunt.(血族關系)

2. what 可用于人或物,用于人的時候,就不是問其姓名,而是問其職業,用于物的時候,當然是問物名。

What is that man?He is a doctor.(職業)

What do you want?I want some ink.(物名)

3. which 也是人或物都可以用的,常表選擇之意,即“孰”的意思。白話說“哪一個”。

Which do you like better,novels or poems?(二者擇其一)

Which do you like best,beer,wine or spirit?(多數中擇其一)

4. 疑問代詞通常置于語句的開頭,可與助動詞同用。

Whom do you want to see?

Which do you want?

What ought we to do?

但用 be 及 have 時,則不要助動詞,如:

Which of the two sisters is the prettier?

比較:Which of the two sisters do you like better?

What have you in your hand?

比較:What did you say?

注意:have 的這種用法是含有“所有”的意思,如無所有的意思,例如在 to have dinner(用餐),to have a good time(行樂)等 phrase 中,則仍須加用助動詞,現舉例比較如下:

①What has he in his left hand?(有所有意)

②What will you have for dinner?(無所有意)

Have you any sports books?(有所有意)

Did you have a fine time yesterday?(無所有意)

還有以疑問代詞為主語的肯定句可不用助動詞,但在否定句中則仍須用。

Who told you that?

What happened next?

Who among these merchants does the largest trade?

Which of these trees does not bear fruit?

5. 疑問代詞為介詞的賓格時,那介詞可置于疑問詞之前,也可置于反問詞之后,也有置前置后皆可的。

To whom does this belong?

Whom does this belong to?

With whom did you speak?

Whom are you looking for?

6. 疑問句有兩種,一種是以基本助動詞(例如 be、have 等)開頭的,另一種是以疑問詞(例如 what、who、which、where、whom、how、why)開頭的,通常無論哪一種,都是要把動詞或助動詞置于主語之前的,但如果這疑問句只是一個從句接在其他主句上時,主語和動詞就不必顛倒,如:

Tell me which you like best?

比較:Which do you like best?

在上面以 which 為主語的句中,do(助動詞)置于主語 you 之前,以表示主語和動詞的顛倒。

又,以疑問詞開頭的疑問句,與其他分句結合時有兩種方式,①為接于主句之后,②為把其他的分句插入疑問句之間,例如:

①Do you know who is ill?Yes,I do.

②Who do you know is ill?I think his father is ill.

在第一例句,可以回答 yes 或 no,第二例句就不能回答 yes 或 no,通常是 know、hear、tell、ask 等動詞的分句,置于疑問詞之前,而 think、suppose、believe 等動詞的分句,置于疑問詞之后,但 say 一字則置前置后皆可,不過意思不同罷了。

Did you say what you wanted?Yes,I did.

②What did you say wanted?I said I wanted some money.

第一句主要是問你說了沒說,故有回答 yes 或 no 的必要,但第二句主要是問你要什么,所以只能答要的東西,不能回答要與不要。

7. 有關 what 的 phrase。

What if I should fall sick now?(倘若……將如何)

What though I fall sick now?(縱令……又何妨)

③He talked of rights and duties,and rights and wrongs,and what not.(此外等等)

What by threatening,and what by coaxing,he finally accomplished his purpose.(半以……半以……)

What with the high price of provisions,and what with the occational sickness,the family found it very difficult to live on their income.(或因……或因……)

后二例中的 what 不是代詞,而是副詞。

主站蜘蛛池模板: 禄劝| 八宿县| 额敏县| 镇平县| 凯里市| 宜黄县| 大悟县| 门源| 伊吾县| 如东县| 调兵山市| 微山县| 乐业县| 化州市| 白玉县| 芮城县| 平山县| 晋州市| 汉中市| 石门县| 武川县| 博客| 安塞县| 衢州市| 南汇区| 竹北市| 靖远县| 阜新| 麻城市| 军事| 屏南县| 康平县| 大英县| 阿勒泰市| 荆州市| 永善县| 凌源市| 仙桃市| 且末县| 赞皇县| 嘉义县|