- 英文語法作文大全
- 錢歌川
- 1181字
- 2020-09-03 18:41:26
(10)單詞和詞性
依照單詞在它句中所擔負的職責,我們就可以決定那個單詞的詞性,因而得以把所有的詞分成八類,即所謂八大詞類(Eight Parts of Speech)。
八大詞類包括名詞(Noun)、代詞(Pronoun)、形容詞(Adjective)、動詞(Verb)、副詞(Adverb)、介詞(Preposition)、連詞(Conjunction)和感嘆詞(Interjection)。
名詞主要是用作①主語:“A dog is a faithful animal.(狗是忠實的動物。)”。②賓語:“I keep a very faithful dog.(我養(yǎng)了一條很忠實的狗。)”。③補語:“Blackie is a faithful dog.(小黑是一條忠實的狗。)”。
代詞是用來代替名詞的。例如:“The girl has a pretty doll. She likes it very much.(那女孩有一只漂亮的洋囡囡,她很喜歡它。)”。
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的。例如:“The pink rose is a beautiful flower.(紅玫瑰是美麗的花。)”。句中的 the 和 a 這種形容詞,又稱為冠詞(Article)。
動詞是表示主語的動作,或其所在的地位或狀態(tài)的。①動作:“He walked to school.(他走到學校去了。)”。②地位:“I am in the garden.(我在園中。)”。狀態(tài):“She felt much better.(她覺得好多了。)”。另外有一種助動詞(Auxiliary Verb),是不能單獨成立,而要和主動詞連用的,例如:“You may stand up.(你可以站起來。)”“They have left the room.(他們已經(jīng)離開這房間了。)”。助動詞有 can、be、do、have、shall、will、may、must、ought 等詞,有時 dare、need、let 也可作助動詞用。助動詞大部分后面接省去“to”的不定詞(如 can go;shall come),但也有接不省去“to”的不定詞(如 ought to go),有的后接過去或現(xiàn)在分詞(如“Babylon is fallen. He is building a house.”),有的接過去分詞(如“I have written a letter.”)。
副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞,或別的副詞的。例如:“The boy works hard.(那孩子很用功。)”“He is very careful.(他很謹慎。)”“You walk too quickly.(你走得太快。)”。
介詞是用來和名詞或代詞組合起來而作成副詞或形容詞用的。例如:①作副詞用的:“I put the book on the desk.(我把那書放在桌上。)”。②作形容詞用的:“A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.(多得不如現(xiàn)得。)”。
連詞是用來連接單詞或詞句的。例如:“Tom and John are hardworking,but their sister is not.(湯姆、約翰兩兄弟都很用功,但是他們的妹妹則否。)”“I know that he will come.(我知道他會來。)”“I will wait till he comes.(我要等他來。)”。
感嘆詞是單為表白感情的,例如,“Alas!He is dead?。òム?!他死了?。薄?b>Ouch!My hand is hurt.(哦呀!我的手受傷了。)”“Hurrah!The Japanese have surrendered.(好呀!日本投降了。)”。
同一詞因在句中的地位不同,而詞性亦異?,F(xiàn)舉幾例說明如下:
He ran fast.(副詞)
It was a fast race.(形容詞)
My fast will begin today.(名詞)
I shall fast when Lent opens.(動詞)
Wrong seldom prospers.(名詞)
You have taken the wrong road.(形容詞)
He often spells words wrong.(副詞)
You wrong me by your suspicions.(動詞)
What did you say?(代詞)
What(= partly)with one thing and what with another.(副詞)
I do not doubt but what(= that)you are right.(連詞)
What!Have you no better reason than this?(感嘆詞)
I am waiting for the train.(介詞)
You have plenty of time,for the train is late.(連詞)
He trembled as he spoke.(連詞)
I can do it as well.(副詞)
You are wrong as(= which)was to be expected.(代詞)
Some animals,as the fox and the squirrel,have bushy tails.(介詞)
I will not accept either proposal.(形容詞)
Either the cat or the dog is a thief.(連詞)
If you do not stay,I will not stay either.(副詞)