12. friendship一字的單復數
I should like to cultivate cordial friendships with them.(我希望和他們做朋友。)句中friendships一字,有人說復數形不對,應該改為單數。請說明此字單復數用法上的差異。
【解答】關于friendship一字,可分作抽象名詞及普通名詞兩方面來解釋。作為基本用法的抽象名詞是不可數的(uncountable),意為“友情”“友誼”“友愛”(the feeling or relationship that exists between friends),例如:
my friendship for her(我和她的交情)
It ought,in common friendship,to be done.(這是朋友應盡的義務。)
由抽象名詞變成普通名詞時,就可數了(countable),意為上述友誼的實例,或維持的時期(instance or period of this feeling),例如:
a friendship of long standing(多年的交情)
Never to forget old friendships.(毋忘舊友。)
現就兩種名詞的用法分別舉例說明如下:
(1)抽象名詞的用例:
Women who offer friendship to a man usually find that he responds with an offer of love.(女人對男人表示友情時,男人通常都要以愛情來回報她。)
It was then that he commenced his romantic friendship with her.(就是從那時開始,他對她發生了羅曼蒂克的友誼。)
I earnestly desire your friendship.(渴望垂愛。)
He needed friendship.(嚶鳴求友。)
I need not say that I shall always hold in grateful remembrance your proven friendship in this hour of need.(你在我窮困的時候,仍然照舊地對我表示深厚的交情,使我永遠感戴不忘。)
(2)普通名詞的用例:
A close friendship was established between the two.(二人之間建立了密切的友誼。)
Explosive epistles blast friendships.(過激的書信破壞友情。)
They broke off a friendship of twenty years’standing.(二十年的交情毀于一旦。)
I have a friendship with him.(我和他有交游。)
We’ll keep old friendships in repair.(繼續維持多年的友誼。)
He was endeared to me by a warm friendship of 40 years.(他是我極要好的四十年的老朋友。)
至于friendship的單數形與復數形在用法上的區別,除上述單數的“友誼”和復數的“友善”外,還有下面這樣一點分別:復數形常指“許多朋友彼此之間的交誼”,例如大學同學可以培養出許多的友善關系,就說college friendships;至于兩個人之間的友誼,如說the friendship between Henry and James,就不可以改成friendships。問題中的句子是說一個人對其余一些人之間的友誼,所以也不宜用復數。