Unit 2 復合句

名詞性從句

考考你的眼力

在含有名詞性從句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. I don't know what he is doing．我不知道他在做什么。

（ ）2. Did you see the man who is in red？你看見這個穿紅衣服的人了嗎？

（ ）3. He mentioned the fact that you made a mistake．他提到你犯錯的事實。

（ ）4. It's a pity that she missed the game．遺憾的是她錯過了比賽。

（ ）5. If they don't agree, we will cancel the contract．如果他們不同意，我們就取消合同。

（ ）6. What they are holding is litter bins．他們拿的是廢紙箱。

（ ）7. He got up early in order that he could catch up with the bus．為了趕上公交車，他起得很早。

（ ）8. The woman wears a colorful coat, which attracts people's sight．這位女士穿了一件鮮艷的外套，吸引了人們的注意。

參考答案

1．（√）2．（×）3．（√）4．（√）5．（×）6．（√）7．（×）8．（×）

知識大放送

名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。

一、主語從句

顧名思義，主語從句就是在句中充當主語的從句，這類從句的引導詞有：連接代詞what, whichever, whoever, whatever，連接副詞when, why, how, where，以及連詞whether和that。

1．that引導的主語從句

如果that引導的主語從句位于句末，而句首使用了it作形式主語，則that可以省略。如果that引導的主語從句位于句首，that不能省略。

· It's true（that）they realized their goal within three months．他們在三個月內實現了目標，這是真的。

· That he was absent from the meeting is a rumor．他缺席會議的事情是個謠言。

2．whether引導的主語從句

whether引導的主語從句通常位于句首，也可以用it作形式主語，而whether從句置后。

· Whether he can pass the exam is unknown yet．他是否能通過考試還不得而知。

· It's obvious whether the team can win the final fame．這支隊伍能否贏得決賽，這是很明顯的。

· Whether the city（should）develop tourism is not decided．這個城市是否要發展旅游業還沒有決定。

3．連接代詞引導的主語從句

· What they said is against the chairman's idea．他們說的話與主席的想法相反。

· It was important what you should remember in mind．你應該把什么記在心里，這很重要。

· Whatever you see should forget quickly．不管你看到了什么都應該快速忘記。

· Whoever is late will be criticized by the teacher．無論誰遲到都會被老師批評。

4．疑問副詞引導的主語從句

· When the man was killed was a mystery．這個人什么時候被殺死成了一個謎團。

· Where they will spend their honeymoon is known by all．所有人都知道他們要去哪里度蜜月。

· How to make a complete song is very difficult for her．如何制作一首完整的歌曲對她來說非常困難。

5．用it作形式主語的主語從句

· It's necessary that we should prepare for the coming holiday．為即將到來的假期做些準備很有必要。

· It is thought that there are 200 countries in the world．人們認為世界上有兩百個國家。

· It is said that the president will visit another country next month．據說主席下個月要訪問另一個國家。

· It must be pointed out that these data are useless for research．必須指出的是這些數據對研究沒用。

二、賓語從句

賓語從句是在句子中充當賓語成分的從句，賓語從句的引導詞有：從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞what, who, whom, which；連接副詞when, why, where, how。

1．從屬連詞引導的賓語從句

· The tall player said（that）he had won five champions．這個高大的運動員說他已經贏了5個冠軍。

· I don't know whether it will rain or not．我不知道是否要下雨。

· We wonder if you could change a seat with us．我們想知道你能否和我們換座位。

注：whether和if引導賓語從句時，有時可以互換，有時只能用whether，而不能用If。

2．連接代詞引導的賓語從句

· I don't care what they said．我不在乎他們說了什么。

· It's very important who will teach Grade 5．誰教5年級很重要。

· She would like to choose which has a beautiful diamond on it．她會選擇上面有鉆石的那個。

3．連接副詞引導的賓語從句

· Only the professor can explain how to do the experiment．只有教授能解釋如何做實驗。

· Can you tell me where I can find the correct answer？你能告訴我在哪里可以找到正確答案嗎？

· They don't decide when to start the huge project．他們還沒有決定什么時候開始這個巨大的工程。

4．賓語從句的特殊情況：

如果主句是一般現在時，且主句的主語是第一人稱，而主句的謂語動詞是感知動詞（think, believe, suppose, consider, expect, imagine等），那么從句的否定詞需要移動到主句中。

· I don't think you are doing the right．我認為你做得不對。

· I don't believe you have failed the exam．我不相信你沒有通過考試。

· We don't consider they can run the restaurant well．我們相信，他們不會把餐廳經營好。

三、同位語從句

同位語從句是對修飾的名詞進行解釋說明的從句，其引導詞有：連詞that, whether；連接代詞what, whatever, which, who, whom；連接副詞how, when, why, where。

下列抽象名詞后常常跟同位語從句：

idea（主意）、answer（答案）、fact（事實）、news（消息、新聞）、belief（信仰）、order（命令）、suggestion（建議）、advice（建議）、problem（問題）、promise（承諾）等。

1．連詞引導的同位語從句

· He remembered the matter that someone broke the window．他記起了有人打碎了玻璃的事實。

· Did you hear the news that he was admitted by the first-class university？你聽說他被一流大學錄取的消息了嗎？

· No one gave an advice whether the meeting should be going on．這個會議是否要繼續，沒有人給出建議。

2．連接代詞引導的同位語從句

· They have no idea what they can do to help the poor．他們不知道能做什么來幫助窮人。

· I remind them the problem who will be elected monitor．我提醒了他們誰將當選班長這個問題。

· He made the suggestion what they should do to save the scheme．他提出了他們應該做什么來拯救這個方案的建議。

3．連接副詞引導的同位語從句

· No one found the problem where the so-called evidence is．所謂的證據在哪，沒有人發現這個問題。

· Maybe the youngest man has known the solution how to change the humidity．也許這個最年輕的人已經知道了如何改變濕度的方法。

· Do you have any idea when the exhibition will start？你知道展覽會什么時候開始嗎？

4．同位語從句的虛擬語氣用法

如果同位語從句修飾的名詞是表示“建議、勸告、命令”等名詞時，從句的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，should可省略。

· He gave the suggestion that I（should）write a thanks letter．他建議我寫一封感謝信。

· Their advice that we（should）leave for New York was refused．他們關于我們應該出發前往紐約的建議被否決了。

· The boss made the order that all the staff（should）not be late every day．老板下令每一位員工每天都不能遲到。

四、表語從句

表語從句一般是用來修飾主語的，對主語的特征、狀態進行描述，多用在系動詞后。

表語從句的連接詞有：連詞that, whether，連接詞組as if, as though，連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, why, how, where, why, because。

1．連詞引導的表語從句

· It seems that they are going to merge with another company．他們似乎要和另外一家公司合并。

· The problem is whether we can invest real estate without risks．問題是我們能否無風險地投資房地產。

· Her thought is that she could borrow some money from her friends．她的想法是她可以從朋友那里借一些錢。

注：引導表語從句時，whether不能用if代替。

2．連接詞組引導的表語從句

· It looks as if it is going to rain．看起來好像要下雨了。

· It looks as if the children dislike him．看起來孩子們好像不喜歡他。

· It sounds as though someone is running towards the classroom．聽起來好像有人在向教室跑來。

3．連接代詞引導的表語從句

· This is what I want to do in the future．這是我將來想做的事情。

· This is whom my friend talked with yesterday．這就是我朋友昨天交談的人。

· This is whose book I want to borrow．這就是我想借的那本書。

4．連接副詞引導的表語從句

· This is where she will work．這就是她將要工作的地方。

· That is why you are not allowed to enter the hall．那就是你為什么不能進禮堂的原因。

· The problem is when they can afford a house．問題是他們什么時候能夠買得起房子。

5．表語從句的虛擬語氣用法

如果表語從句修飾的主語是表示“建議、命令、勸告”的名詞，那么從句的謂語動詞應用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，should可省略。

· The man's order that everyone（should）not be allowed to leave the building was neglected．這個人命令，每個人都不能離開大樓，被無視了。

· The teacher's advice is that we（should）practice a lot．老師的建議是我們應該多做練習。

· His plan is that we（should）spend the holiday at seaside．他的計劃是我們在海邊度假。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的名詞性從句，并翻譯整個句子。

1．I think he should be responsible for this accident.

2．The elder's advice that they should irrigate the fields at one.

3．Whether he will come is not my concern.

4．The father often gave him the advice before death that he should be patient.

5．The trouble is that our car is running out of gas.

參考答案

1．I think he should be responsible for this accident．我認為他應該為這次事故負責。

2．The elder's advice that they shouId irrigate the fieIds at once．這位年長者的建議是他們應該馬上灌溉農田。

3．Whether he will come is not my concern．他是否回來不是我所關心的。

4．The father often gave him the advice before death that he should be patient．父親生前經常建議他要耐心。

5．The trouble is that our car is running out of gas．麻煩的是我們的車子快沒油了。

二、找出下面這段話中的名詞性從句。

With the serious environmental pollution, many countries have taken strict measures, such as plastic and vehicle limit order. Some people think that this is not very helpful to protect the environment, because many people will not abide by the law. Some countries have imposed serious penalties on those who violate the plastic limit order, which serves as a warning. The problem is that this can't improve the environment fundamentally. Some experts gave the suggestions that energy countries should develop new technologies to develop alternative energy sources. Whether it can be successful depends greatly on the country's comprehensive strength.

參考答案

With the serious environmental pollution, many countries have taken strict measures, such as plastic and vehicle limit order. Some people think that this is not very helpful to protect the environment, because many people will not abide by the law. Some countries have imposed serious penalties on those who violate the plastic limit order, which serves as a warning. The problem is that this can't improve the environment fundamentally. Some experts gave the suggestions that energy countries should develop new technologies to develop alternative energy sources. Whether it can be successful depends greatly on the country's comprehensive strength.

定語從句

考考你的眼力

在含有定語從句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. He didn't notice the news that a factory exploded．他沒有注意到這條工廠爆炸的新聞。

（ ）2. No one saw the man who is in the picture．沒有人見過照片上的人。

（ ）3. My parents' thought is that I go to a local university．我父母的想法是我應該上一所本地的大學。

（ ）4. I haven't been to the place where he was worn．我沒有去過他出生的地方。

（ ）5. I don't think the machine can work now．我覺得現在這臺機器壞了。

參考答案

1．（×）2．（√）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）

知識大放送

在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞或主句的句子就是定語從句，而被修飾的詞就是先行詞，通常位于定語從句前。引導定語從句的關系詞有：關系代詞who, whom, that, which, whose，關系副詞when, where, why。

一、關系代詞引導的定語從句

1．指人的關系代詞引導的定語從句

· The headmaster who wears bear is my father．長著胡子的校長是我爸爸。

· The girl whom I talked to yesterday just returned from abroad．我昨天交談的女孩剛從國外回來。

· I saw a little boy that was riding on an adult bike．我看見一個小男孩在騎成人自行車。

注：關系代詞that和who在定語從句中作主語時，可以互換。that和whom在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。

2．指物的關系代詞引導的定語從句

· Did you see the tree that stands in front of our school？你看見我們學校前的那棵樹了嗎？

· He cancelled the meeting which was going to be held at six．他取消了要在六點舉行的會議。

· They decorated the house which was bought two weeks ago．他們裝修了兩周前買的房子。

二、關系副詞引導的定語從句

· I often think of the days when I spent the holiday in Paris．我經常想起在巴黎度假的日子。

· He drove me to the airport where I will take the flight．他開車帶我去了機場，我要在那里乘飛機。

· You'd better give the reason why you didn't pick him up at the school．你最好解釋一下你沒有去學校接他的原因。

注：關系副詞有時可引導定語從句修飾一些抽象名詞，如situation情況、condition情況、case情況等。

· They are in a situation where they are very dangerous．他們處于非常危險的境地。

三、介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句

如果關系代詞在定語從句中充當介詞的賓語，從句多由“介詞+關系代詞”來引導，這種情況也可用在關系副詞引導的定語從句中。

· She forgot to bring a novel for which her classmate asked．她忘記帶她同桌想要的小說了。

· Tom went to the library in which / where he met his old friend．湯姆去了圖書館，在那里他遇見了老朋友。

· We will never forget the day on which they gave us a surprise．我們永遠不會忘記那天他們給我們的驚喜。

四、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句，即定語從句對修飾的先行詞有限定的作用，被去掉后，句子的意義不完整；非限制性定語從句，即定語從句對修飾的先行詞沒有絕對限定的作用，去掉后并不影響句子的意義。

1．限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句中的關系詞在充當定語從句的賓語時可省略，可以使用that。

· He is the smartest man（that / who）I've ever seen．他是我見過最聰明的人。

· This is the only kite that he made by all efforts．這是他唯一盡全力制作的風箏。

· It is a city that is famous for its tourism．這是一座因旅游業聞名的城市。

2．非限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句的關系詞不能是that，在作定語從句的賓語時不能省略，且who不能代替whom。

· She left the banquet early, which is a pity．她早早離開了宴會，這是一件遺憾的事。

· The man married the woman, whom he knew for many years．男士和女士結婚了，他認識了她很多年。

· He is a hard-working man, as is known to us all．我們都知道，他是一個勤奮的人。

3．限制性定語從句只能使用關系詞that的情況

1．先行詞是不定代詞，或被every, a little, no, some, little, few, much, any, each等修飾。

2．先行詞既包含人，又包含事和物。

3．先行詞被序數詞，形容詞的最高級，或the only, the same, the very等修飾。

4．關系詞在定語從句中作表語。

· He said something that is very important to the meeting．他說了一些對會議非常重要的事情。

· We saw the man and the dog that are walking towards us．我們看見了向我們走來的這個人和這條狗。

· There is no doubt that he is the last one that was praised by the teacher．毫無疑問他是最后被老師表揚的。

· The man is no longer the one that he was ten years old．這個人不再是十年前的他了。

4．關系代詞as和which引導定語從句的區別

（1）as和which在定語從句中作主語或賓語，指代整個句子時可互換。

· The department has been withdrawn, as / which is a good matter．這個部門被撤消了，這是一件好事。

· More and more young men are unemployed, as / which is normal．越來越多的年輕人失業了，這很正常。

· He must be able to get the highest score, as / which is beyond doubt．他肯定能得到最高分，這是毋庸置疑的。

（2）as引導的非限制性定語從句在復合句中的位置靈活，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句之后。

· As is known to all, the Great Wall is Chinese ancient building．我們都知道，長城是中國的古建筑。

· The shape of the moon is changeable, which is a natural phenomenon．月亮的形狀是可變的，這是一個自然現象。

· America, as we all know, is a developed country．眾所周知，美國是一個發達國家。

（3）先行詞被the same, such修飾時，只能用as來作定語從句的引導詞。

· He said the same words as you said before．他說的話和你之前說的一樣。

· There is such a big pool as we can swim in．有一個這么大的水池，我們可以在里面游泳。

· Last year, I bought the same dress as you had．去年我買了一條和你的一樣的裙子。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列復合句中的定語從句，并翻譯整個句子。

1．They denied the fact that they made a mistake during the experiment.

2．The old man refused their help, as is quite strange.

3．Many people are not willing to return to the building in which they have worked.

4．Do you believe in him who always tells lies?

5．The way in which you treat your child is a fear.

參考答案

1．They denied the fact that they made a mistake during the experiment．他們否認了在實驗中犯錯的事實。

2．The old man refused their help, as is quite strange．老人拒絕了他們的幫助，這很奇怪。

3．Many people are not willing to return to the building in which they have worked．很多人不愿意回到他們曾工作過的大樓里。

4．Do you believe in him who always tells lies？你相信這個總是說謊的人嗎？

5．The way in which you treat your child is a fear．你對待孩子的方式讓人害怕。

二、找出下面這段話中的定語從句。

Do you know your blood type? Blood is each one's unique genes. As we all know, if people need for blood transfusion because of accidents, the doctor will choose the blood of the same blood type. The patient's body will quickly accept the blood instead of rejection. That's the reason why the blood type is so important. The normal adults that have normal weight a year can offer a few blood but not all people have a blood donation qualifications. Those who weigh less than 50 kg were not allowed to donate blood.

參考答案

Do you know your blood type? Blood is each one's unique genes. As we all know, if people need for blood transfusion because of accidents, the doctor will choose the blood of the same blood type. The patient's body will quickly accept the blood instead of rejection. That's the reason why the blood type is so important. The normal adults that have normal weight a year can offer a few blood but not all people have a blood donation qualifications. Those who weigh less than 50 kg were not allowed to donate blood.

狀語從句

考考你的眼力

在含有狀語從句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. You'd better take an umbrella in order to avoid the rain．為了避雨，你最好帶一把傘。

（ ）2. If you don't agree, they won't sign the contract．如果你不同意，他們不會簽合同。

（ ）3. I was talking online with my pen pal when my father came in．爸爸進來的時候我正在和筆友網上聊天。

（ ）4. I will remind what you should do．我會提醒你應該做什么。

（ ）5. Although the meeting was cancelled, they didn't get off work on time．雖然會議取消了，但是他們還是沒有按時下班。

（ ）6. Mr. Smith told us he couldn't attend the activity because of the rain．史密斯先生告知我們因為下雨他不能來參加活動了。

（ ）7. Some of researches were cancelled because they had no enough funds．因為經費不足一些研究被取消了。

（ ）8. She often goes to the place where her grandfather lives．她經常去爺爺居住的地方。

參考答案

1．（×）2．（√）3．（√）4．（×）5．（√）6．（×）7．（√）8．（×）

知識大放送

狀語從句，顧名思義就是在復合句中充當狀語成分的從句，其作用是修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、狀語、定語或整個句子。引導狀語從句的詞一般是從屬連詞和有連詞作用的詞。根據從句表達的不同含義，狀語從句可分為八個類別，即：條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和方式狀語從句。

一、條件狀語從句

引導條件狀語從句的詞主要有：if（如果）, as / so long as（只要）, in case（如果）, on condition that（條件是）, if only（但愿）, only if（只要）, unless（除非）, providing / provided that（假如）

1．if引導的條件狀語從句

if引導條件狀語從句時，從句的謂語動詞通常只用一般現在時和現在完成時，其主句的謂語動詞可用現在時、過去時和將來時。if引導的條件狀語從句可位于主句的前后。

· If you have done the work, you should leave as soon as possible．如果你完成了工作，就應該盡快離開。

· They won't go out if it continues to rain．如果繼續下雨，他們不會出去。

· If they miss the train, I will drive them to the station．如果他們錯過了火車，我會開車帶他們去車站。

2．unless引導的條件狀語從句

unless意為“除非”，語氣較強，相當于if ... not，有時兩者可互換。

· You'd better work hard unless you don't want to pass the exam．你最好努力學習，除非你不想通過考試。

· He will solve the difficult problem if I can't．如果我不能解決，他就會解決這個棘手的問題。

· They can't get there before ten in the evening unless they take by plane．他們不可能在晚上十點前到達，除非他們乘坐飛機。

3．as / so long as引導的條件狀語從句

· She can make her dream come true as / so long as she makes up mind．只要她下決心，她就會實現夢想。

· As / So long as you promise to give us a discount, we will increase the order．只有你們承諾給予我們折扣，我們就會增加訂單量。

· They will deliver the goods at once as / so long as they receive the deposit．只要他們收到定金，他們就會馬上發貨。

4．on condition that, providing / provided that等引導的條件狀語從句

· Her mother will award her a car on condition that she will be admitted by a famous university．她媽媽會獎勵她一輛車，條件是她考上名校。

· Providing / Provided that it will clear up tomorrow, they intend to have a climbing．假如明天會放晴，他們打算去爬山。

· Providing / Provided that no one would like to pay for the activity, they can only get the bad luck．如果沒有人為這次活動買單，他們只能自認倒霉。

5．if only, only if引導的條件狀語從句

if only引導的條件狀語從句，通常要用虛擬語氣；而only if表示的是現實中的某種情況，位于句首時，主謂部分倒裝。

· If only it would become cool．如果天氣變涼就好了。

· Only if it is autumn can the leaves fall from trees．只有到了秋天樹葉才會從樹上落下來。

· If only I were smart enough．如果我夠聰明就好了。

二、時間狀語從句

引導時間狀語從句的詞有：when（什么時候）, as（當）, while（而）, after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, since（自從）, as soon as（只要……就）, by the time（到……時）, till / until（直到）。

1．when, as, while引導的時間狀語從句

· When they came back home, they found the key missing．他們回到家的時候發現鑰匙丟了。

· The bird flew away as the boy tried to hit it．當小男孩試圖攻擊的時候，小鳥飛走了。

· The cook is making cakes while the waiter is serving．服務員在服務客人的時候，廚師在做蛋糕。

2．after和before引導的時間狀語從句

· The tree grew fast after it was watered by the rain．樹被雨水澆灌后生長得很快。

· You should knock at the door before visit someone．拜訪某人前你要先敲門。

· Someone cried out before we made the call．我們打電話前有人叫了起來。

3．since和by the time引導的時間狀語從句

· Since he left the hometown, his parents have always been looking for him．自從他離開家鄉，他的父母一直在找他。

· It's five days since my wallet was lost．我的錢包丟失五天了。

· We will design a unique wedding dress for you by the time you get married．你結婚的時候我們會為你設計一件獨一無二的婚紗。

注：since引導的時間狀語從句，常和現在完成時連用；by the time引導的時間狀語從句，其主句一般用一般將來時。

4．till和until引導的時間狀語從句

· He didn't find out the truth until he saw the diary of the dead man．直到他看到了死者的日記，他才找到了真相。

· She always felt lonely till / until she got married．直到結婚前，她一直感到孤獨。

· The man sat before the door till it was night．這個人在門前坐著直到夜晚。

5．as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly等詞引導的時間狀語從句

· She got the bad news as soon as she got back home．她一回到家就得知了這個壞消息。

· These insects flew away the moment they were found by people．這些昆蟲一被人們發現就飛走了。

· The little girl turned shy directly she saw the strange uncle．小女孩一看到陌生的叔叔就害羞了。

注：在hardly / scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than引導的時間狀語從句中，如果hardly, scarcely和no sooner位于句首，那么主句用倒裝語序。在這類結構中，從句一般用一般過去時，而主句一般用過去完成時。

三、地點狀語從句

引導地點狀語從句的詞主要有：where（哪里）, anywhere（任何地方）, wherever（任何地方）。

1．where引導的地點狀語從句

· Where there is a forest, there are animals．哪里有森林，哪里就有動物。

· Where the meeting will be hold, the secretary can be seen．會議在哪里舉行，秘書就會出現在哪里。

· Where there is a new mall, these women always go shopping．哪里有新的商城，這些女人就去購物。

注：where引導的地點狀語從句常常和there構成where ... there ..．結構，譯為“哪里……，哪里就……”。

2．anywhere和wherever引導的地點狀語從句

anywhere和wherever引導的地點狀語從句，可位于主句的前后。

· Wherever they go, they always bring their belongings．不管他們去哪里，他們總是會帶著他們的行李。

· Don't worry, your husband will take you anywhere there is garden．不要擔心，你丈夫會帶你去任何有花園的地方。

· Remember to call your parents everyday wherever you are．無論你在哪里，記得每天和父母打電話。

四、目的狀語從句

引導目的狀語從句的詞主要有：so that（以便）, in order that（以便）, for fear that（以免）, in case（以防）, lest（唯恐）。

1．so that和in order that引導的目的狀語從句

so that引導的目的狀語從句只能位于主句之后，而且從句中的謂語常常包含情態動詞；in order that引導的目的狀語從句可位于主句的前后。

· They had to work overtime this month so that they could finish the sales as scheduled．他們這個月不得不加班以便如期完成銷售量。

· The hospital has increased 300 beds per floor in order that every patient has a bed．為了讓每一位患者有床位，醫院在每層樓增加了300個床位。

· In order that the library can be built in three months, the government employed 100 workers．為了能在三個月內建成圖書館，政府雇用了100名工人。注：so that引導的是目的狀語從句，而so ... that引導的是結果狀語從句。

2．for fear that, in case, lest引導的目的狀語從句

在這類目的狀語從句中，從句的謂語動詞常常用虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”, should可被省略。如果不用虛擬語氣，從句一般用現在時或過去時。

· They prepared a large sum of money for fear that the project（should）be not passed．他們準備了一大筆錢，唯恐這個項目不能通過。

· You'd better tell him about your schedule lest he should be angry．你最好告訴他你的行程，以免他會生氣。

· Her mother bought her a small-sized computer in case she can't carry it．她媽媽給她買了一臺小型電腦，以防她拿不動。

五、結果狀語從句

引導結果狀語從句的詞主要有：so ... that如此……以至于，such ... that如此……以至于。

1．so ... that引導的結果狀語從句

在so ... that引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，其后修飾形容詞和副詞。

· It's so cold that they stayed at home for the whole weakened．天氣太冷了，他們整個周末都待在家里。

· The flowers are so beautiful that we picked up many．這花太漂亮了以至于我們摘了很多。

· Their performance was so wonderful that all the audience applauded．他們的表演如此精彩，所有的觀眾都鼓掌了。

2．such ... that引導的結果狀語從句

在such ... that引導的結果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，其后修飾名詞。

· Little Tom has such a big apple that David wants to have one too．小湯姆有一個很大的蘋果，戴維也想有一個。

· There is such heavy rain that no one is walking on the street．雨如此大，沒有人在街上行走。

· Carrie thought of such a good idea that she took action at one．卡麗想到了一個如此好的主意，她馬上行動起來了。

六、原因狀語從句

引導原因狀語從句的詞主要有：because（因為）, for（因為）, as（因為）, since（因為）, now that（既然）。

1．because和for引導的原因狀語從句

because是所有原因狀語引導詞中語氣最強的，可直接回答why提出的疑問。for引導的原因狀語從句一般位于句末，有時可以和because互換。表示非直接原因時，只能用for。

· She didn't attend the meeting because she was on a business trip．她因為出差而沒有出席會議。

· It might rain last night for the ground is wet．昨晚可能下雨了因為地面是濕的。

· They didn't do the work well, because / for they had limited time．他們沒有把工作做好，因為他們的時間有限。

2．as和since引導的原因狀語從句

as引導的原因狀語從句語氣較弱，一般位于句首，而since引導的原因狀語從句語氣較as略強，但兩者都可以表示已知的原因。

· As it was Sunday, they didn't go to work．因為是星期天，所以他們沒有去工作。

· I will tell you since you want to know．既然你想知道，我會告訴你的。

· You should work carefully since it's working time now．既然現在是上班時間，你應該認真工作。

3．now that引導的原因狀語從句

now that表示的是對方已經知道的原因，和since有相似之處。

· Now that he decides to leave, let's hold a party for him．既然他決定要走，我們為他舉辦一個聚會吧。

· Now that you have a baby, you should take good care of him．既然你生了孩子，你就應該好好照顧他。

· Now that you are going to the library, take me with you please．既然你要去圖書館，那就帶我一起去吧。

七、讓步狀語從句

引導讓步狀語從句的詞主要有：though（盡管）, although（盡管）, as（盡管）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）, no matter+疑問詞或疑問詞+后綴ever, whether ... or not（無論……都……）。

1．though和although引導的讓步狀語從句

though和although在一般情況下可互換，但是although比though更正式，通常指的是真實的情況，而不是假設。二者都不能和but連用，但是可以和yet連用。

· Although / Though the company offers good benefits, the man decides to resign．盡管這家公司提供較好的福利待遇，但是這個人還是決定辭職。

· I don't believe him although / though he behaves like a gentleman．雖然他表現得像一個紳士，但是我不相信他。

· Although you don't agree, I will insist on my opinion．即使你不同意，我也會堅持我的看法。

2．even if和even though引導的讓步狀語從句

兩者通常可互換。

· Even if / Even though she is a woman, she didn't enjoy the special treatment．即使她是女人，她也沒有享受特殊的待遇。

· We can't pass the road smoothly even if / even though it has been repaired．即使道路修好了，我們也無法順利通過。

· He refused to make an apology even if / even though he was wrong．即使是他錯了，他也拒絕道歉。

3．as和though引導的讓步狀語從句

as和though引導的讓步狀語從句中，表語和狀語可位于句首，此時從句要倒裝。

· A child as she is, she can sing many songs．盡管她是個孩子，但是她會唱很多歌。

· Tall though he is, he couldn't install the curtain well．盡管他很高，但是他也不能把窗簾安好。

· Say as they would, they didn't get the support．雖然他們說了，但是沒有得到支持。

4．no matter+疑問詞或疑問詞+后綴ever引導的讓步狀語從句

· No matter what you will say, I won't believe you any more．不管你要說什么，我都不會相信你了。

· Whoever you are, you can't disturb the students．不論你是誰，都不能打擾這些學生。

· No matter when you will start, you should remember the correct process．不管你什么時候開始，都要記得正確的過程。

5．Whether ... or not引導的讓步狀語從句

whether ... or not引導的讓步狀語從句，意為“不論……都……”，而且or not有時可省略。

· Whether you believe or not, he intended no harm．無論你相信與否，他沒有惡意。

· Whether you admit the crime or not, the police will investigate you．無論你承認犯罪與否，警察都會調查你。

· Whether he is a bad guy or not, he is their son．無論他是不是壞人，他都是他們的兒子。

八、方式狀語從句

引導方式狀語從句的詞主要有：as（像）, as if（好像）, as though（好像）, as ... so（正如……）。

1．as引導的方式狀語從句

· He became an athlete as his parents want him to be．正如父母希望的一樣，他成為了一名運動員。

· These students are doing the experiment as the professor taught them．這些學生正按照教授教他們的方法做實驗。

· Children always like saying as parents do．孩子們總是喜歡像父母一樣說話。

2．as if和as though引導的方式狀語從句

· It looks as if he wants to say something．看起來他好像要說什么。

· They looked worried as though the train had left．他們看起來很著急，好像火車已經離開了。

· The baby walks as if she were a duck．嬰兒走起來像只鴨子。

3．as ... so引導的方式狀語從句

as ... so引導的方式狀語從句一般具有比喻意義，as通常置于句首，表示“正如……，就像……”。

· As we respect our parents, so we should respect our teachers．就像我們尊敬父母一樣，我們也應該尊敬老師。

· As we protect the environment, so we should protect the earth．就像我們保護環境一樣，我們也應該保護地球。

· As the earth is to us, so water is to fish．正如地球對我們是重要的，水對魚也是重要的。

隨手練一練

一、找出下列句子中的狀語從句，并翻譯整個句子。

1．She has been practicing dancing for 12 years in order that she can become a dancing artist.

2．A huge wave hit before the boat reached the coast.

3．Though three colleagues helped him with the work, he didn't finish it yet.

4．Providing that this dress hits twenty percent off, I will buy it.

5．The movie tickets have been sold out so that they have to leave.

6．I will go wherever you go.

7．Teddy was so sad because his dad had refused his request.

8．Young people of this age don't want to engage in a job as their parents want them to do.

參考答案

1．She has been practicing dancing for 12 years in order that she can become a dancing artist．為了成為一名舞蹈家，12年來她一直努力練習舞蹈。

2．A huge wave hit before the boat reached the coast．在那艘船抵達海岸之前，一個巨浪襲來。

3．Though three colleagues helped him with the work, he didn't finish it yet．盡管有三個同事幫他做工作，他還是沒有完成。

4．Providing that this dress hits twenty percent off, I will buy it．如果這件衣服打八折，我就會買。

5．The movie tickets have been sold out so that they have to leave．電影票已經賣完了，他們不得不離開。

6．I will go wherever you go．你去哪我去哪。

7．Teddy was so sad because his dad had refused his request．泰迪很難過，因為爸爸拒絕了他的請求。

8．Young people of this age don't want to engage in a job as their parents want them to do．這個時代的年輕人不想從事他們父母希望他們從事的工作。

二、找出下面這段話中的狀語從句。

A $100 million deal was created at the recently concluded New York auction. It was a palace painting of the fourteenth Century. Before the auction began, it had attracted the attention of many art lovers and businessmen. When the host announced that it was the next auction, the audience was boiling. This auction had a high price at the beginning as people expected. In order that it can attract more people to participate in, the host also put forward idea of giving other auctions for free. The man who got the painting hired dozens of bodyguards to protect it after the auction ended.

參考答案

A $100 million deal was created at the recently concluded New York auction . It was a palace painting of the fourteenth Century. Before the auction began, it had attracted the attention of many art lovers and businessmen. When the host announced that it was the next auction, the audience was boiling. This auction had a high price at the beginning as people expected. In order that it can attract more people to participate in, the host also put forward the idea of giving other auctions for free. The man who got the painting hired dozens of bodyguards to protect it after the auction ended.