情態動詞+行為動詞完成式即“情態動詞+ have + 過去分詞”,表示對過去行為或動作進行推測、評論或判斷。
(1)must have V-ed
must have V-ed表示推測過去某事“一定”發生了。其否定形式為:can't/couldn't have V-ed,表示過去不可能發生某事。
例1:I must have provided you with the money. Why didn't you ask me?(2004年真題)
我一定可以給你拿錢的,你為什么沒問我呢?
例2:The church's spiritual life must have been polluted by my base yearnings.
教會中的精神生活肯定被我那種低級的渴望污染了。
例3:Fred says it must have been caused by combustion—the burning of gases from rotting matter.
佛瑞德說那一定是燃燒引起的——腐爛的物質發出的氣體的燃燒。
(2)“can't+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測,譯成“不可能做過某事”。
例:Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我剛才還在圖書館見過他。
(3)may/might have V-ed
may/might have V-ed表示推測過去某事“也許”發生了。may比might表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。
例:Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they hoped to prove the power of the Internet.(2008年真題)
很多人也許有意地幫助了Kyle,因為他們希望證明網絡的力量。
(4)ought to/should have V-ed和ought not to/shouldn't have V-ed
ought to/should have V-ed和ought not to/shouldn't have V-ed用于對已發生的情況表示“責備”“不滿”,分別表示“本應該……”和“本不應該……”。
例:There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school.(2006年真題)
高中畢業生及需求同等學力的高中輟學生會在學校學到他們本該學到的技能。
(5)needn't have V-ed
needn't have V-ed表示過去做了某事,但沒有做的必要,意為“本沒必要……”。
例:You needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today.