第一篇 土地財政和地方政府激勵研究

蔡璧涵

[提要]本篇從地方政府激勵行為的角度，通過理論和實證分析相結合的研究方法，探討了中國的土地財政問題。具體來說，首先分析了中國地方政府的土地財政現狀和成因，然后考察和比較了各省級政府對土地財政的依賴程度，最后詳細地討論了地方政府財政支出和政治周期對出讓土地行為的影響。總的來看，近幾十年來，中國的地方政府對土地財政高度依賴，形勢十分嚴峻。然而，這背后的邏輯與地方政府的激勵行為不無關系。

[關鍵詞]土地財政；政治激勵；財政支出；政治周期

Research on Land Finance and Fiscal Incentives of Local Governments

Tsai Pi-Han

Abstract:This part focuses on analyzing the fiscal and political incentives of local governments and examining how their incentives affect China's land finance.We start with a brief review of the background of land finance and its evolvement, discussing the increasing reliance of local governments on land finance and how it varies across different provinces.We then explore the existence of land finance cycles, focusing on the changes of the amount and the price of land leasing by negotiation or by auction.Our results indicate that land finance is driven by local governments'incentives, contributing to China's local economic development and fluctuation.

Key Words:Land Finance; Career Concerns; Fiscal Expenditure; Political Cycles