2.3　翻譯示例匯總

一、確定詞義

(1) The School of the Air (the school of the air)

【譯文】廣播學校(即通過電臺對各地學生授課的學校)

(2) a family tree

【譯文】家譜

(3) Last evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.

【譯文】昨晚我去參加了我們中國研究組的集會。

【解析】do： n. social function集會，娛樂宴聚活動

(4) the See of Sydney

【譯文】悉尼教廷

【解析】see： n. the official seat, or centre of authority, of a bishop教廷

(5) They wanted us to have tea, but we said we’d just had it. Then Miss Standish wanted us to have tea and cake.

【譯文】他們要我們吃晚飯，我們說剛吃過，于是斯坦迪什小姐就讓我們喝茶，吃點心。

【解析】第一個tea意為“a meal eaten in the early evening”, 即晚飯

(6) Seven months they spend up there killing themselves in the cane season, ‘nd then they come down here to live a little.

【譯文】甘蔗收獲季節七個月，他們在那里累死累活。然后才能到這里稍稍享受享受

【解析】live： v. to enjoy life to the full盡情享受；

kill： v. to make feel great pain or exhaustion精疲力竭或受苦受累

(7) He’s unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just now.

【譯文】他正悶悶不樂，因他剛才和朋友吵了架。

【解析】blue： n. an argument, quarrel or fight爭吵或干架

(8) That’s a tall story about the town’s high street.

【譯文】有關這城主街的說法實在令人難以置信。

【解析】high street：the main street of a town or a city；

tall： adj. hard to believe, exaggerated編造的，夸張的或難以置信的

(9) Miss Universe (or Miss World)

【譯文】美人皇后或世界(宇宙)小姐

【解析】Miss Universe或Miss World意思為：the most beautiful or best girl of the world selected once a year

(10) She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby.

【譯文】她對我說她那18歲的兒子是她子女中最小的。

【解析】baby： n. a person of any age, who is the youngest of a family among brothers and sisters兄弟姐妹中最年小的

(11) Her mother is a sister in a Melbourne hospital.

【譯文】她母親是墨爾本一家醫院的護士長。

【解析】sister： n. senior nurse in a hospital護士長或資歷高的護士

(12) 協議書

【譯文】正：Agreement(or：Written Agreement)

【解析】誤：Agreement Book

(13) 王教授精通《小學》和《大學》。

【譯文】Professor Wang is a master of the study of ancient forms, phonology and meaning of written language as well as of the book The Great Learning.

【解析】此句中的“小學”不能譯成“primary school”或“elementary school”，《大學》也不能譯為什么“university”之類。因為“小學”在此句中的意思是指研究文字古字形、訓詁、音韻的學問；《大學》是我國古代經典著作《四書》之一。

(14) 家政學

【譯文】Home Economics

【解析】漢、英詞典中的解釋為：家政學：舊時指關于家務管理方面的學問，現仍沿用；home economics：the study of diet, budgeting, childcare, and other subjects concerned with running a home. 因此不能誤譯成the learning of home governing.

(15) a) 毛澤東同志的思想和學說是永存的；

【譯文】Comrade Mao Zedong’s thought and teachings will live forever.

b) 關于社會主義建設總路線的基本思想；

【譯文】the ideas underlying the general line for building socialism

c) 破除迷信，解放思想；

【譯文】Do away with all fetishes and superstitions and emancipate the mind.

d) 毛澤東軍事思想的一個重要組成部分，是關于人民戰爭的思想；

【譯文】An important component of Chairman Ma0’s military thinking is his concept of people’s war.

e) 政治問題和思想問題。

【譯文】political and ideological questions

二、表達得體

(1) What we were offered was a big fat zero.

【譯文】我們得到的是一個大零蛋。

(2) Carter is shooting at oil now, but who will be next?

【譯文】卡特現在正拿石油開刀，下一個目標是誰呢?

(3) That notion is being nurtured by people.

【譯文】一些人在吹這種風。

(4) He was open now to charges of willful blindness.

【譯文】這時人們指責他裝聾作啞。

(5) Look here, old boy, no one is interested in your bloody appreciation.

【譯文】老兄，聽著，沒有人對你那個亂彈琴的意見發生興趣。

(6) Alone Roosevelt could have accomplished little.

【譯文】羅斯福要是光桿司令，他也不會有所作為。

(7) Naturally I, a child of both worlds, gin conscious of these.

【譯文】作為新舊兩個世界的后裔，我當然意識到這些關系。

(8) He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

【譯文】他想學習，增長知識，也愿意把自己的知識教給別人。

(9) It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favour.

【譯文】他們可能絕沒想到，竟會有相當多的輿論支持他們。

(10) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.

【譯文】曙色中的海島美極了，晨曦柔和，彩云片片。澄澈的光影是無法描繪的。

三、正確理解與表達譯例

例1：應用文方面的譯例

漢譯英例句

(1) ××書：

①申請書Letter of Application

②報告書Report

③協議書Agreement

④成績通知書Grade Report

⑤(使用)說明書Directions

⑥旅行委托書Booking Form

⑦成交確認書Sales Confirmation

⑧電視機使用說明書Television Operation Guide

⑨白皮書White Book

⑩家書a Letter from Home(or：a letter to home)

(2) ××啟事：

①招領啟事Found

②鳴謝啟事Acknowledgments

③征稿啟事Contributions Wanted

④更正啟事Corrections

(3) ××單：

①名單name list

②菜單menu

③賬單bill

④保險單policy

⑤訂閱單subscription form

⑥收款清單account note

⑦文藝匯演節目單a program of entertainment

⑧傳單leaflet

⑨床單bed sheet

(4) ××表

①病歷表case history form

②履歷表resume

③時間表timetable

④日程表schedule

⑤價目表price list

(5) ××信：

①推薦信letter of recommendation

②證明信certificate

③口信an oral message

英譯漢例句

(1) form

①form of receipt收條

②ticket order form訂票單

③application form申請表

④book form(旅行)委托書

⑤a telegraph form 電報紙

(2) list

①make a list造表

②an active list現役官兵名冊

③a name list名單

④an export list出口商品目錄

例2：英漢互譯中的習慣用法

(1) Admittance Free免票入場

(2) No Admittance Except on Business非公莫入

(3) Wet(or：Fresh)Paint油漆未干

(4) Visitors Declined謝絕參觀

(5) Out of Bounds游客止步

(6) Engaged(or：Taken)有人占用

(7) Road Up，Detour馬路翻修，車輛繞行

(8) Blocks(or：No Thoroughfare)此路不通

(9) See to the Fire小心煙火

(10) Cameras Forbidden嚴禁拍照

(11) Shooting Prohibited禁止打獵

(12) Keep Top Side Up請勿倒置

(13) Handle With Care小心輕放

(14) Round—the-Clock Business晝夜營業

(15) 售票處Booking(or：Ticket)Office

(16) 問訊臺Information Desk

(17) 傳達室Gate House

(18) 衣帽間Cloak(or：Check)Room

(19) 太平門Emergency Door(or：Exit)

(20) 意見箱Complaint Box

(21) 旅客(或顧客)留言簿Visitors’(or：Customers’)Book

(22) 前面施工Workmen Ahead

(23) 勿踏草地Keep Off the Grass

(24) 中速行駛，安全禮讓Drive at Moderate Speed; Yield the Right of Way for Safety’s Sake

例3：容易譯錯的例子

短語：

(1) warming-up exercises準備性練習，熱身活動

(2) space shuttle航天飛機

(3) the Braille system布萊葉盲字(系統)

(4) escalator lift自動樓梯，滾梯(=escalift)

(5) rush hours高峰時間

(6) traffic jams交通阻塞

(7) super highway高速公路

(8) Russian dressing蛋黃醬

(9) “Your Honour” “法官先生(閣下)”

(10) courtesy card優待卡

(11) O level學科水平合格證

(12) a pop test突然襲擊的考試

(13) guidance counselor(學生)求職顧問

(14) the Dewey decimal system(DDS)杜威十進制(圖書)分類法

(15) games of chances運氣游戲(of. games of skills技藝游戲)

(16) picture writings象形文字

(17) Evening Standard《旗幟晚報》

(18) Syncom同步通訊衛星

(19) extended family直系家庭

(20) Waltzing Matilda背著鋪蓋流浪四方

句子：

(1) The Times(London)is a quality newspaper.

【譯文】倫敦的《泰晤士報》是份優質報紙。

(2) “How We Kept Mother’s Day” was written by an English—born Canadian author.

【譯文】《我們是怎樣過母親節的》是一位英國出生的加拿大作者寫的。

(3) I have a government grant which is enough for my keep.

【譯文】我得到一筆足夠我生活的政府撥款。

(4) The leisure business chiefly refers to tourist industry and the industry of entertainment.

【譯文】消遣業(休閑業)主要指旅游業和娛樂業。

(5) Agriculture still is the States’ biggest industry.

【譯文】農業仍然是美國最大的行業。

(6) Tom was born on Boxing Day, 1941.

【譯文】湯姆生于l941年的節禮日。

(7) He said he’d love a trip on a luxury liner because he was always a good sailor.

【譯文】他說他喜歡乘舒適豪華的班船旅行，因為他從不暈船。

(8) My former teacher told me that as an English major I should read Major Barbara, one of the major plays by G. B. Shaw.

【譯文】我以前的老師告訴我，作為一名英專學生我應該讀讀G. 蕭伯納的主要劇作之一《巴巴拉少校》。

(9) Years ago, John, a student of an American high school which was a public school, and Jean, a public school student in England, are now classmates in a university of China.

【譯文】幾年前，約翰是美國一所公立中學的學生，吉恩是英國一所私立中學的學生，而現在卻在中國的一所大學成了同班同學。

(10) In every high street throughout Britain nowadays there is at least one “Do-it-yourself” shop.

【譯文】在今日整個英國，城鎮主街上至少有一家“自己動手”店鋪。

(11) Mr. Brown thinks that family life is not enough without friends even if it is fulfilling.

【譯文】布朗先生認為，沒有朋友的家庭生活，即使很美滿，也是不夠的。

(12) Some schedules are subject to last minute changes. Please call us if you can’t come.

【譯文】有些時間表，直到最后一分鐘都會變化。要是你不能來，請打電話(給)我們。

(13) English is a language branch belonging to the West Germanic line of the Indo-European family.

【譯文】英語是一屬于印歐語系的西日爾曼語族的語支。

(14) If the newspapers want to have a large circulation number, they must be informative, instructive and entertaining.

【譯文】如果報紙想得以大量發行，則必須具有知識性、思想性和趣味性。

(15) And live telecasts now can come from outer space：In l969, the first astronauts to land on the moon televised their historic “moon walk” to viewers on the earth.

【譯文】外層空間如今可以通過電視進行實況轉播：1969年第一批宇航員登上月球。用電視向地球上的觀眾播放他們那具有歷史意義的“月球漫步”。

(16) Like knows like.

【譯文】英雄識英雄。

(17) There’s a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that guy.

【譯文】那家伙生性既殘暴又狡猾。

(18) Every life has its roses and thorns.

【譯文】人人都有樂與苦。

(19) Unexpectedly he found the regular mail on the standard lamp.

【譯文】他沒想到在落地燈上找到了那封普通郵件(或平信)。

(20) In jotting down, people like to use abbreviations, acronyms and initials.

【譯文】在快速作筆記時，人們喜歡用縮寫詞、首字母縮略詞和首字母。

(21) He bought a cassette recorder in Washington D. C. with credit cards instead of cash.

【譯文】他在首都華盛頓(或：哥倫比亞特區華盛頓)用信用卡(或記賬)而不是用現金買了一臺卡式(或盒式)錄音機。

(22) It was a grand experience to watch the TV animated cartoons Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck at Disney World, Florida.

【譯文】在佛羅里達(州)的迪斯尼游樂大世界看電視動畫片《米老鼠和唐老鴨》真是人生一大快事。

(23) No later artist of the School of Paris has replaced P. R. Picasso, a founder of cubism in international influence.

【譯文】在立體主義畫派創始人之一的畢加索之后的巴黎學派中尚無人能夠超過他的國際影響。

(24) A policeman stopped the car and said to the driver, “You haven’t turned your lights on, sir, I must give you a ticket”.

【譯文】警察叫汽車停下，對司機說：“你沒有亮燈，先生，我必須給你一張違規通知單。”

(25) 他在倫敦那所廣播、電視與函授大學學習時，常常認真做家庭作業，甚至連自由選作題也作了。

【譯文】During his study in the Open University in London he often did his homework conscientiously and even completed the open questions.

(26) 他喜歡喝果味酒。

【譯文】He likes to drink fruit cup.

(27) 本杰明·弗蘭克林希望年輕人在他規劃的職業學校里學到最有用的東西。

【譯文】Beruamin Franklin hoped that the young people could learn the most useful things in the academy he planned.

(28) 趙忠祥同志曾是中國赫赫有名的電視節目主持人，尤以主持智力競賽節目出名。

【譯文】Comrade Zhao Zhongxiang was a well-known TV programme moderatot, particularly noted for being a quiz master.

(29) 自然科學分類統計資料如下：

【譯文】The breakdown of the physical sciences is as follows：

(30) 他長得黑黝黝的,身材偏瘦而勻稱；而他頭發顏色淺淺的，眼睛碧藍。

【譯文】He’s dark and slim, and he’s got fair hair and blue eyes.

短小段落：

(1)

Going to the Theatre

If you want to be certain of seeing a play in London, you have to book your seat in advance. You can buy your tickets either at a theatre ticket agency or at the box-office in the theatre itself. If you go in a large party, it is not always possible for all of you to sit in the same part of the theatre. Some will have to sit in the stalls, others in the dress circle, and some in the upper circle. Seats in a box or the front stalls are the most expensive. While buying your tickets, you’ve got to make clear whether they are for matinee or evening.

【譯文】

去看戲

如果你想有把握在倫敦看場戲，就得事先訂票。買票到劇院售票代辦處或在劇院內的售票處均可。假如是集體看戲，要坐在一塊總是不大可能。有的要坐在正廳(前幾排)，另外一些人得坐在樓座前幾排，有的坐樓座后幾排。包廂和正廳前排座位票價最高。買票的時候，你一定要弄清你要的票是日場的還是夜場的。

(2)

In the Airplane

—A Dialogue Between Stewardess and Passenger

S: May I see your boarding pass?

P: Oh here it is. I hope I got non-smoking section.

S: Yes, you did. It’s Seat 32C on the aisle.

P: Miss, this is my first flight. I wonder if you could show me the ropes.

S: Certainly, I’d be glad to. Everyone has to make their first flight sometime.

P: Thanks, I don’t even know how to fasten my safety belt.

S: The intercom will give you instructions.

P: Thank you.

S: (Some time later) Hello there. How are you doing?

P: Fine so far, but my ears feel a little funny.

S: That’s the air pressure. You’ll get used to it in a little while.

P: Could I have some drink?

S: I’ll bring you one. Would you like Coke, Seven-up, beer or wine?

P: Just water, please.

【譯文】

在飛機上

——空姐與乘客的對話

空姐：我可以看看您的登機卡(證)嗎?

乘客：請看。我希望我的座位在不抽煙區。

空姐：是在不抽煙區。你的是32排c座，靠走道。

乘客：小姐，這是我頭一次坐飛機，你能否告訴我有關規則?

空姐：沒問題，我樂意效勞。誰都有初次乘機的時候。

乘客：太謝謝了，我連怎么系安全帶都不知道。

空姐：機內通訊聯絡系統會告訴你的。

乘客：謝謝。

空姐(片刻之后)：喂，您感覺如何?

乘客：至今還好，可就是耳朵感到不舒服(或：有點不好受)。

空姐：是空氣壓力的原因，過一會就習慣了。

乘客：我可以喝點什么嗎?

空姐：就來。您是要可口可樂，七喜(汽水)，啤酒還是葡萄酒?

乘客：只要點水就行了。

(3)

在飯館吃飯

西方人按下列順序進餐：首先是開胃品，其次是湯，再次是正式飯菜了，接著是色拉(或：涼拌菜)，最后是甜點和茶或咖啡。

男招待：先生，您要用點什么?

顧客：我還沒看菜單，請拿份好嗎?

男招待：請看，先生。點菜在左頁，份飯在右頁。

【譯文】

Eating at a Restaurant

Westerners eat their food in the following order: first, the appetizer, second, the soup, third, the dinner itself, fourth, salad, and finally, dessert and tea or coffee.

Waiter: May I take your order, sir?

Customer: I haven’t seen a menu yet. May I have one, please?

Waiter: Here’s one, sir. The a la carte dishes are on the left. The regular dinners are on the right-hand page.