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2.2 考研真題與典型題詳解

I. Fill in the blanks.

1.In his ________ Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from ________ to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.(天津外國語學院2008研)

【答案】Autobiography, poor

【解析】富蘭克林在《自傳》中講述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事,平凡卻生動的講述表明他堅信通過努力就能實現美國夢。

2.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, ________ represents the lower levels.

【答案】Benjamin Franklin

【解析】美國文學評論家范·威克·布魯克斯(Van Wyck Brooks)在《美國的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出喬納森·愛德華茲和本杰明·富蘭克林是美國18世紀的兩位重要的哲學家,他們是不同層次思想的代表。

3.Before his death, ________ had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.

【答案】Jonathan Edwards

【解析】喬納森·愛德華茲(1703-1758)是美國“大覺醒”(the “Great Awakening”)的領軍人物,他生前贏得了“美國第一位系統的哲學家”稱號。其著名作品是《意志自由》(Freedom of the Will)。

4.Jonathan Edwards’ work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of ________ in the 19th century.

【答案】Transcendentalism

【解析】喬納森·愛德華茲的作品《神靈的形影》(Images or Shadows of Divine Things)對19世紀的超驗主義對象征主義的運用產生了很大的影響。

5.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his ________ and ________.

【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac, Autobiography

【解析】富蘭克林在文學上的地位主要取決于《窮查理歷書》和《自傳》。

6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece ________.

【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

【解析】本杰明·富蘭克林文學上最大的成就體現在他的作品《本杰明·富蘭克林自傳》上。該書以平易的文風敘述了富蘭克林艱苦創業、自學成才、堅持不懈的奮斗歷程。

7.Franklin was the epitome of the________, the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the l8th century.

【答案】Enlightenment

【解析】富蘭克林是啟蒙思想的縮影,是18世紀理性的代表。

8.Eighteen-century America experienced an age of________, of________, and ________ like England and Europe.

【答案】enlightenment, reason, order

【解析】18世紀的美國處于啟蒙、理想、秩序的時代。

II. Multiple Choice.

1.The first symbol of self-made American man is ________.(北二外2009研)

A. George Washington

B. Washington Irving

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Benjamin Franklin

【答案】D

【解析】富蘭克林是第一個自力更生、白手起家的美國人的標志。

2.At the Reason and Revolution Period. Americans were influenced by the European movement called the________.

A. Charitist Movement

B. Romanticist Movement

C. Enlightenment Movement

D. Modernist Movement

【答案】C

【解析】歐洲的啟蒙運動對美國理性和獨立革命時期產生了深遠影響。

3.In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. ________ was the dominant spirit.

A. Humanism

B. Rationalism

C. Revolution

D. Evolution

【答案】B

【解析】啟蒙運動通常是指在18世紀初至1789年法國大革命間的一個新思維不斷涌現的時代,與理性主義等一起構成一個較長的文化運動時期,所以法國啟蒙運動時期被稱為“理性時代”。18世紀的美國同樣受到啟蒙思想的影響,因而理性主義是這個時期美國文學的主導思想。

4.Jonathan Edwards’ best and most representative sermon was ________.

A. A True Sight of Sin

B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

C. A Model of Christian Charity

D. God’s Determinations

【答案】B

【解析】美國神學家喬納森·愛德華茲最具代表性的布道是《憤怒的上帝手中之罪人》(Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God)。

5.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ________.

A. Thomas Hood

B. Benjamin Franklin

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. George Washington

【答案】B

【解析】作為美國財富和智慧的象征,美國人民把富蘭克林的頭像印在100美元紙鈔的正面。200多年來,這位智者的思想一直被那些希望擁有美德并過上富足生活的人們所遵循和實踐著。他的個人生活和職業生涯代表了美國啟蒙運動中世俗化的理想。

6.From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous ________, an annal collection of proverbs.

A. The Autobiography

B. Poor Richard’s Almanac

C. Common Sense

D. The General Magazine

【答案】B

【解析】《窮理查歷書》(Poor Richard's Almanac)它是由美國資本主義精神最完美的代表——本杰明·富蘭克林所寫。該出版物從1732年至1758年不斷出現。它幽默、睿智、形式奇特,通篇貫徹著人類的智慧精華,書中的名言警句與人生箴言即使在現在看來也具有很積極的作用。

III. Explain the following term.

1.the literary form of autobiography(北二外2008研)

Key: The literary form of autobiography: An autobiography is a person’s account of his or her life. It is generally written in the first person, with the author speaking as “I”. Autobiography presents life events as the writer views them, and offers insights into the beliefs and perceptions of the author. Representative writer: Benjamin Franklin and his work: The Autobiography.

IV. Essay questions

1.Analyze The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.

Key: The book is probably the first of its kind in literature. It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity in which he was born, the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man. The book contains four parts, written at different times.

It is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. It is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that in order to get on in the world, one has to be industrial, frugal, and prudent.

It is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact that Franklin was spokesman for the new order of the eighteenth-century enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream.

The style of the book is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The lucidity of the narrative, the absence of ornaments in wording and complex, involved structures in syntax, and the Puritan abhorrence of paradox are all well graphically demonstrated here and in the whole of the book. Taken as a whole, it is safe to say that the book is an exemplary illustration of the American style of writing.

2.Analysis of The Poor Richard’s Almanac.

Key: Benjamin Franklin created a character, Poor Richard, in whose name the work appeared, and whose real existence was debated humorously and seriously. For almost a quarter of a century, he kept publishing Poor Richard’s Almanac, expanding its literary part to the intense delight of its readers.

Apart from poems and essays, he managed to put in a good many adages, and commonsense witticisms which became household words and many mottos of the most typical kind. He did not always write the maxims himself. He borrowed from others and made good use of his own wit and wisdom to simplify and enrich their axiom. There are many similar statements filled almanac, and taught as much as amused. The practical wisdom of Franklin shone forth rays of grandeur from its pages.

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