The river of ice that hugs Mount Grinnell's high ridges is neither big nor particularly beautiful, but it may be the most accessible glacier in all of North America. In as little as three hours, an average hiker can traverse the mountain's well-groomed trail to plant a foot on a frozen relic of the Little Ice Age.
But if you want to see it, you’d better hurry. Grinnell Glacier is disappearing—fast.
This crescent-shaped glacier in Montana's northern Rockies had been contracting for decades because of warming temperatures. Lately it has been shrinking at a breathtaking clip, losing as much as a 10th of its mass in a single year. As early as 2030, scientists say, it may no longer exist.
The glacier's steep decline mirrors that of hundreds of other U.S. glaciers, from California's Sierra Nevada to the North Cascades to the Central Alaska Range. All are in retreat, yet nowhere are the effects so profoundly felt as here in Glacier National Park, which experts say could be glacier-free by mid-century.
"They'll be gone in a few decades," said Dan Fagre, a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey who monitors the park's 25 remaining glaciers and plots each year's losses. "Every year exposes rock that hasn’t seen daylight in centuries."
The decline of glaciers here and around the world is frequently cited by scientists as evidence of a climate undergoing rapid change. Scientific studies have confirmed that more than 90 percent of the world's glaciers are retreating, and many of the smaller ones—like the alpine ice sheets of Glacier National Park—are rapidly disappearing.
3 all of North America:整個北美洲,整個北美地區。作者用all of作了強調,譯者不應忽略這兩個看似不重要的單詞。
4 traverse the mountain's well-groomed trail理解起來不難,但譯起來需要細細推敲。traverse意為travel across or through,這里指“走完”,而不是“穿越”。mountain指這座山,而不是“山區”。well-groomed這個復合詞稍難理解,其意思是carefully cared for;neat;tidy。該詞可指人,如The men were well-groomed.這些男士衣裝整潔;也可指物,如well-groomed lawns,收拾得很整潔的草坪。山上的小道是否稱得上“修繕得整齊”?在詞語搭配上仍可推敲。“修繕”一般指房屋等的修理、翻新。山上供人徒步的小道可用“得到良好(細心)維護”來形容。
5 Little Ice Age:大約15世紀初開始,全球氣候進入一個寒冷時期,通稱為“小冰期”,在中國也稱為“明清小冰期”,小冰期結束于20世紀初期。結合此背景,下文提到數個世紀不見天日的巖石便不難理解了。
6 這一段譯得準確、通順,值得稱贊。
7 mirror作為動詞,其含義是to reflect in or as if in a mirror,有如鏡子一樣反映出或折射出?!坝痴铡笔恰肮饩€照射”的意思,例如“月光映照著窗簾”。顯然,在譯文里“映照”使用得不恰當。
8 以上幾處英文地名都不必附上。
9 此句譯文基本上反映了原文意思,如果細細推敲,發現意思上還是略有出入的。the effects指冰川退縮的效果或影響,nowhere are the effects so profoundly felt as here in Glacier National Park指“在冰川國家公園感受到的冰川退縮的影響比在任何地方都強烈”。nowhere在這里引導的句子是一種特殊的比較級,類似的例子有:Nowhere are there so many products available for so little.沒有哪個地方的商店能比得上這幾家(指提到的幾家):商品種類這么多,價錢卻這么低。
10 譯名后一般不必附上外文名。譯者把介紹這位科學家的插入語(a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey who monitors the park's 25 remaining glaciers and plots each year's losses)另起一句,放在了后面,卻使這句話顯得突兀起來。在譯文里,這個插入語放在前面顯得自然一些。在中文里,我們提到一個陌生人時,一般也習慣于先介紹一下他是做什么的,然后再說他最近說了什么或做了什么。
11 此半句的譯文無大問題。plot譯為“標注”基本上準確。該詞的英文釋義是to represent graphically, as on a chart, e.g. plot a ship's course,譯為“在圖上標注(標出)”意思更為準確、清晰?!懊磕耆诨谋ā弊g得較為籠統。each year's losses,指冰川每年融化的程度(譬如用后退的冰線表示),不妨譯為“冰川每年融化的程度”。
13 最后一句講了全球冰川融化的趨勢,like the alpine ice sheets of Glacier National Park,指全球各地較小的冰川與冰川國家公園的高山冰蓋一樣,都在迅速消失。原文用了破折號,表示這個短語是插入的,去掉也無妨。在原譯文里,“比如……”這一短語似乎瞬間把焦點又拉回到冰川國家公園,給了這一短語不應有的強調,故譯文讀起來不順。ice sheet作為冰川學術語,指覆蓋陸地面積在5萬平方公里以上的巨大冰蓋,例如南極冰蓋。這里作者顯然是想變換一下用詞,實際上仍是指這個公園里的高山冰川,并非嚴格意義上的冰蓋。