The Future of NATO
—An Atlantic alliance with less ambition looks inevitable; but it should not be allowed to fade away.
As it heads towards a summit in Chicago in May, NATO finds itself in a paradoxical position. There are quite a few grounds for self-congratulation. By and large, member countries have stuck with a thankless task in Afghanistan out of solidarity with America. Last year's UN-sanctioned mission to protect Libyan rebels from the vengeance of Colonel Qaddafi was a genuine achievement. A precedent was established by two European member states, Britain and France, showing a willingness to take both the diplomatic and military lead, albeit with vital (if slightly grudging) support from America. At least four countries are queuing up to join the alliance: Macedonia, Bosnia, Montenegro and Georgia.
Yet despite these successes, NATO is facing an uncertain future. Two developments are particularly threatening. The first is the Obama Administration's declaration earlier this year that coping with China's rising military power and reassuring allies in Asia would take priority over Europe. With Europe increasingly seen by America as a "producer" rather than a "consumer" of security, the second worry is that the economic crisis within the euro zone leaves NATO's European members less able to play their part. Fiscal austerity,combined with an assumption that Europe faces few real threats to its security, means that defence budgets, already pared to the bone, face further cuts. When the Cold War ended, European countries accounted for 34% of NATO's military spending. Today that has fallen to 21%. Apart from America, only four of 28 members meet the alliance's defence-spending target of 2% of GDP: Britain, France, Greece and Albania.
1 原譯文中文表達不暢,也不夠準確。“不可避免”這個短語孤立地放在句首,十分不自然。原分句的核心意思是“一個……的聯盟似已成必然(勢必會出現)”,加上with less ambition這個介詞短語構成的定語,整句可譯為“一個雄心減弱的大西洋聯盟似乎已成必然”,在意思不走樣的前提下稍微靈活一些,可譯為“大西洋聯盟雄心減弱,這似乎已成必然”。with less ambition意思是“雄心(比原來)小了”,或“雄心減弱了”,但不是“越來越小”。ambition譯為“野心”不妥。“野心”具有貶義,但作者在這里并沒有賦予貶義色彩。
2 原文用的是被動語態,沒有說“我們”,故譯為“我們”是給原文增加了意思。在一般情況下,這種處理尚可接受,但涉及敏感的政治、軍事、外交話題時,還是謹慎為妥。作者如果愿意明說,完全可以說but we should not allow it to fade away。原文不明說,譯文也就不明說,此為“忠實于原文”。這也完全符合漢語的習慣。漢語里經常省略主語,故譯為“但不應該允許它消失”已經足矣。與前一分句連起來,整個句子可譯為:“一個雄心減弱的大西洋聯盟似乎已成必然,但不應該允許聯盟消失”。“它”可用“聯盟”代替。
3 head toward(s)的英文解釋是to point at and move toward someone, something, or some place。heads towards a summit字面意思是“朝峰會的方向去”,是比喻的說法,可譯為“即將舉行峰會”,但不能譯為“參加……峰會”,這會讓人誤解為“參加”別的一些國家或別的國際組織的峰會。
5 這一句譯得不準確。查grounds的英文釋義,可看到其中一項是a reason for doing or thinking something—usually plural,例如:The company has been accused of discriminating on the grounds of race.人們指責該公司有種族歧視做法。self-congratulation的意思是a way of behaving or speaking which shows that you are very happy about something that you have done(自我夸耀,沾沾自喜)。這一句的意思是“北約確實有一些沾沾自喜的理由”。
6 out of solidarity with America意思是“出于與美國保持團結”,這與“為了美國”還是有區別的。能精確地說,就不要大而化之,這是保證譯文準確所要求的。
9 “一場真正的勝利”應譯為“一項真正的成就”。achievement與victory意思有區別。achievement指something that has been done or achieved through effort—a result of hard work,而victory指success in defeating an opponent or enemy。整句可譯為“去年得到聯合國批準的保護利比亞叛亂者使他們免受卡扎菲上校報復的行動是一項真正的成就。”
10 這一句譯文沒有抓住原文的核心意思。原文的核心意思是A precedent was established by Britain and France,其他部分都是附屬的成分:showing...引出的結構提供了補充信息,而albeit...引出的結構是一種讓步結構,類似于although...。另外,take both the diplomatic and military lead更準確的意思是“在外交和軍事兩方面都帶頭采取行動”。
14 Fiscal austerity更準確的譯法應是“財政緊縮”,其具體含義是:Fiscal austerity...refers to decisions by a government to reduce the amount of government borrowing (i.e. cut the size of a fiscal deficit) over a period of years. Fiscal austerity normally involves a combination of measures including increases in the overall burden of taxation and cuts in either the real level or growth of government spending on state-provided goods and services. (http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/as-macro-key-term-fiscal-austerity)。譯為“經濟緊縮”,意思不清楚。
原文:Even in poor places such as India, where famine still struck until the mid-20th century, the assumption that everyone will have something to eat is increasingly built into the rhythm of life.