1.3 [3] 景公飲酒酲三日而后發(fā)晏子諫

齊景公飲酒醉臥三天后才起，晏子進(jìn)諫

【原文】

景公飲酒酲，三日后而發(fā)。晏子見曰：“君病酒乎？”公曰：“然。”晏子曰：“古之飲酒也，足以通氣合好而已矣。故男不群樂以妨事，女不群樂以妨功。男女群樂者，周觴五獻(xiàn)，過之者誅。君身服之，故外無怨治，內(nèi)無亂行。今一日飲酒，而三日寢之，國治怨乎外，左右亂乎內(nèi)。以刑罰自防者，勸乎為非；以賞譽自勸者，惰乎為善；上離德行，民輕賞罰，失所以為國矣。愿君節(jié)之也！”

【今譯】

齊景公喝醉了酒，三天后才起來。晏子（聽說后）拜見景公說：“您醉酒了嗎？”景公說：“是的。”晏子說：“古時候的人喝酒，能夠疏通氣血友善關(guān)系就停止了。所以男人們不在一起飲酒作樂以免影響做事，女人們也不在一起飲酒作樂以免影響女工。男女在一起飲酒作樂時，相互敬酒不能超過五次，超過了就會受到責(zé)罰。君主以身作則，所以朝廷之外沒有積壓不理的政務(wù)，朝廷之內(nèi)沒有混亂不法的行為。現(xiàn)在您一天喝醉了酒，就睡了三天，外有積壓不理的政務(wù)，內(nèi)有混亂不法的親隨。害怕犯法受罰的人，頻繁地為非作歹；希望得到獎賞、榮譽的人，也懶于做善事；君主喪失了德行，百姓不重視賞罰，國家也就失去了立國之本。希望您能節(jié)制飲酒！”

Duke Jing drank w ine,and after a three-day hangover he recovered.

Yanzi came for an audience w ith him and said: “Were you suffering from a hangover?”

The Duke said: “Yes.”

Yanzi said: “In ancient times,the drinking of w ine was sufficient merely to enhance blood circulation and to make people friendly—that and nothing more. Therefore,men did not allow a social gathering for entertainment purposes to hinder their duties,and women did not permit themselves to hinder their tasks. When men and women held large social gatherings for entertainment,five rounds of drinking took place,and those who exceeded this were severely punished. The ruler himself observed this rule,and therefore the governmental policies did not provoke resentment in the country at large and the entourage did not create disorder w ithin the court. But now you drink w ine all day long and sleep it off for three days. There is resentment against the governmental policies in the country at large,and your entourage creates disorder w ithin the court. Those who should curb themselves by punishments and are incited to w rongdoing and those who should be self-m otivated by rewards and praise are dissuaded from acting well. Superiors depart from virtuous conduct; people belittle rewards and punishments,and the basis for maintaining the state is lost. I w ish,my Lord,that you would restrain your drinking.”