3.3 [53] 景公問伐魯晏子對以不若修政待其亂

齊景公問討伐魯國的事，晏子回答說不可以，不如修明政教等待魯國內亂

【原文】

景公舉兵欲伐魯，問（以）〔于〕晏子，晏子對曰：“不可。魯公好義而民戴之，好義者安，見戴者和，伯禽之治存焉，故不可攻。攻義者不祥，危安者必困。且嬰聞之，伐人者德足以安其國，政足以和其民，國安民和，然后可以舉兵而征暴。今君好酒而辟，德無以安國，厚藉斂，意使令，無以和民。德無以安之則危，政無以和之則亂。未免乎危亂之理，而欲伐安和之國，不可，不若修政而待其君之亂也。〔民離〕其君（離），上怨其下，然后伐之，則義厚而利多，義厚則敵寡，利多則民歡。”公曰：“善。”遂不果伐魯。

【今譯】

齊景公起兵想要征伐魯國，向晏子詢問，晏子回答說：“不行。魯國國君喜好禮義而且百姓擁戴他，喜好禮義的人能使國家安定，被擁戴的人能使百姓和樂，伯禽治國的傳統還在，因此不能攻打。攻打講禮義的國家不吉祥，危害安定的國家一定會陷入困境。而且我聽說，攻打別的國家的人德行足夠安定自己的國家，政教足夠和睦本國的百姓，國家安定百姓和樂，然后才能夠出兵征討兇暴。現在您喜好飲酒而且行為邪僻，德行不能使國家安定，加重賦稅聚斂財富，任意驅使命令百姓，不能讓百姓和樂。德行不能使國家安定那就會出危險，政教不能使百姓和樂那就會出禍亂。不能在危機和禍亂的規律下幸免，而想要征伐安定和樂的國家，這是不可以的，不如修明政教來等待魯國國君的亂政。到時候百姓離開他們的君主，國君怨恨他的臣下，然后再興兵討伐，那（我軍）德義厚重而且獲利更多，德義厚敵人就少，獲利多百姓就高興。”景公說：“好。”于是就沒有攻打魯國。

Duke Jing conscripted an army,intending to attack Lu,and consulted Yanzi about it.

Yanzi replied: “It would not be appropriate. The Duke of Lu admires righteousness,and the people support him. Whoever loves righteousness is at peace. Whoever is supported by the people achieves harmony. Boqin’s governance method is observed there. Therefore,it would not be appropriate to attack it. One who attacks the righteous w ill be unlucky. One who endangers the peaceful w ill certainly face difficulties. Furthermore,I have heard that those who attack others have virtue sufficient to keep their state peaceful and a government capable of making their people harmonious. Once one’s state is peaceful and its people harmonious,one can cultivate an army and attack an aggressor. But now you,My Lord,love wine,and you stray from the proper path. You have no virtue w ith which to keep your state peaceful. You collect heavy taxes,give arbitrary orders,and lack what it takes to make people harmonious. If your virtue is insufficient to make your state peaceful,then the state w ill be imperiled. When the government is insufficient to make the people harmonious,havoc ensues. It is inadvisable for one whose guiding principles are liable to peril and havoc to seek to attack a state that is peaceful and harmonious. It would be better for you to cultivate your own government and wait for internal disorder to arise against the ruler of Lu. When the people distance themselves from their ruler,when superiors resent their inferiors,only then should you attack him. Then your righteousness w ill be great and your benefit abundant. When righteousness is great,then enemies are few; when benefit is abundant,then the people are happy.”

The Duke said: “Well argued.” Consequently,he did not carry out the attack on Lu.

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注釋

[1]Boqin 伯禽 was the son of the exemplary Duke of Zhou 周公,who was the regent of the young King Cheng 成王,the son of King Wu 武王,founder of the Zhou dynasty.