2.25 [50] 景公登射思得勇力〔士〕與之圖國晏子諫

齊景公舉行大射禮想要得到勇武有力的猛士和他們謀劃國家大事，晏子進(jìn)諫

【原文】

景公登射，晏子修禮而侍。公曰：“選射之禮，寡人厭之矣！吾欲得天（勇下）〔下勇〕士，與之圖國。”晏子對曰：“君子無禮，是庶人也；庶人無禮，是禽獸也。夫〔臣〕勇多則弒其君，〔子〕力多則殺其長，然而不敢者，維禮之謂也。禮者，所以御民也；轡者，所以御馬也。無禮而能治國家者，嬰未之聞也。”景公曰：“善。”乃飾射更席，以為上客，終日問禮。

【今譯】

齊景公舉行大射禮，晏子按照大射禮的規(guī)定做好了準(zhǔn)備等待景公。景公說：“選射的禮節(jié)，我早已厭倦了！我想得到天下的勇士，和他們共同謀劃國家大事。”晏子回答道：“君子不遵守禮儀，就成了平民百姓；百姓不遵守禮儀，就成了禽獸。臣下勇武太盛就會弒殺君主，年輕人力量太大就會殺戮尊長，然而他們之所以不敢這樣做，就是因?yàn)橛卸Y儀啊。禮儀是用來控御百姓的，轡頭是用來控御馬匹的。不講禮儀而能治理好國家的，我沒有聽說過。”景公說：“好。”于是鄭重參加大射禮，改變了晏子的座席，將其奉為上賓，整天詢問禮儀的事。

Duke Jing practiced archery. Yanzi stood in attendance in full compliance of the rites.^[3]

The Duke said: “I find the process of selecting officers through archery rites tedious. What I want is to recruit courageous officers of the realm and to plan w ith them the affairs of state.”

Yanzi replied: “A gentleman devoid of the rites is nothing more than a commoner. In the absence of the rites,a commoner is nothing more than a w ild beast.^[4] If ministers are excessively courageous,they commit regicide; if children are excessively strong,they kill their elders. Only what we know as the rites prevents them from daring to do so. The rites are the means by which the people are held in check. Reins are the means by which horses are held in check.^[5] I have never heard of someone devoid of the rites who was able to put his state into good order.”

Duke Jing said: “Well argued.” Thereupon,he applied himself to the rectification of A rchery Rites.^[6] He rearranged the order of m ats so as to give Yanzi the most honorable seat,and throughout the whole day he posed questions about the Archery Rites.

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注釋

[1]登→得 (JS,171/2).

[2]Item 2.25 [50] ? Shuoyuan,19.6/161/23.

[3]For a list of the archery Rites,see Liji,47.1-12/170-172; Yili,儀禮,7/36/20.

[4]An almost identical statement appears in Item 1.2 [2].

[5]Cf. Kongcongzi 孔叢子,2.1/8/22.

[6]飾→飭 (YZCQ-ICS,21,n. 4).