2.13 [38] 景公為履〔而〕飾以金玉晏子諫

齊景公做了一雙鞋用金玉來裝飾，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公為履，黃金之綦，飾以銀，連以珠，良玉之（朐）〔絇〕，其長尺，冰月服之以聽朝。晏子朝，公迎之，履重，僅能舉足，問曰：“天寒乎？”晏子曰：“君奚問天之寒也？古圣人制衣服也，冬輕而暖，夏輕而（清）〔凊〕，今（君）〔金玉〕之履，冰月服之，是重寒也，履重不節，是過任也，失生之情矣。故魯工不知寒溫之節、輕重之量，以害正生，其罪一也；作服不常，以笑諸侯，其罪二也；用財無功，以怨百姓，其罪三也。請拘而使吏度之。”公〔曰〕：“苦，請釋之。”晏子曰：“不可。嬰聞之，苦身為善者，其賞厚；苦身為非者，其罪重。”公不對。晏子出，令吏拘魯工，令人送之境，（吏）〔使〕不得入。公撤履，不復服也。

【今譯】

齊景公做了一雙鞋子，用金絲做鞋帶，用白銀來裝飾鞋面，用珍珠來連接，又用美玉綴在鞋頭，鞋子長一尺，（景公）臘月里穿著它臨朝聽政。晏子來朝見，景公起身相迎，但鞋子太重，只能抬起腳，他問晏子道：“天氣冷嗎？”晏子說：“您怎么問天氣冷不冷？古時候的圣人制作衣服時，冬衣要輕而溫暖，夏衣要輕而涼爽，現在您這雙飾滿金玉的鞋子，臘月天穿上它會更加寒冷，鞋子重量不合適，腳的負擔也增加，這就脫離了生活的實際需求。所以（制作這雙鞋的）魯國鞋匠不知道冷暖的適度，也不知道輕重的適量，用這樣的鞋子損害正常的生理，這是他的第一條罪名；做的鞋子不符合常制，讓諸侯恥笑，這是他的第二條罪名；花掉很多財富卻對國家不利，使得百姓怨恨，這是他的第三條罪名。請將他拘捕起來命官吏依法治罪。”景公說：“鞋匠在制作鞋子時也付出了很多辛苦，請您放過他吧。”晏子說：“不可以。我聽說辛苦自己而去做善事的，應該重賞；辛苦自己而去做壞事的，應該重罰。”景公無言以對。晏子退出后，命令官吏拘捕魯國鞋匠，派人把他送出齊國國境，不準他再到齊國來。景公也脫掉這雙鞋，再也沒有穿過。

Duke Jing comm issioned shoes w ith golden laces and silver decorations. They had cords strung with pearls and their ornamental points were made of fine jade. They were one foot long.^[1] He wore them for an audience in the w inter. When Yanzi attended the audience,the Duke went to greet him but the shoes were so heavy that the Duke was barely able to lift his feet.

The Duke asked: “Is the weather cold?”

Yanzi replied: “Why do you ask if the weather is cold? In ancient times,clothes made for the sage were such that they were light and warm in winter,and light and cool in summer. Yet,wearing shoes that are made of gold and jade in the w inter is heavy and leaves one cold. The weight of the shoes is inappropriate; it is beyond all bounds and constitutes losing touch w ith the reality of life. Apparently,the craftsman of Lu^[2] did not know the correct proportions of cold and warm and did not know the correct measurement of light and heavy,and he thereby harmed orderly life. This is his first crime. That he produced an article that does not conform to proper norms and thereby made you the laughingstock among the regional princes. This is his second crime. That he utilized property w ithout a useful result and thereby engendered resentment among the people. This is his third crime. Please have him arrested and judged by the court officers.”

The Duke said: “The craftsman of Lu put hard work into making these shoes,please set him free.”

Yanzi said: “It would not be appropriate. I have heard that if someone puts hard work into doing good,then he should be rewarded handsomely. But if someone puts hard work into w rongdoing,his punishment should be heavy.”

The Duke did not answer. Yanzi went out and ordered the court officers to arrest the craftsman of Lu. He ordered someone to send the craftsman off to the border region and to make it impossible for him to return. The Duke removed the shoes and did not wear them again.

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注釋

[1]The ancient Chinese foot,chi 尺,is said to be about 23 cm.

[2]As the story of this item evolves,we learn that Yanzi blames a particular craftsman from Lu for the making of these shoes.