1.20 [20] 景公衣狐白裘不知天寒晏子諫

齊景公身穿名貴狐裘不知道天氣寒冷，晏子進諫

【原文】

景公之時，雨雪三日而不霽。公被狐白之裘，坐〔于〕堂側（陛）〔階〕。晏子入見，立有間，公曰：“怪哉！雨雪三日而天不寒。”晏子對曰：“天不寒乎？”公笑。晏子曰：“嬰聞古之賢君飽而知人之饑，溫而知人之寒，逸而知人之勞。今君不知也。”公曰：“善。寡人聞命矣。”乃令出裘發粟〔以〕與饑寒〔者〕。（今）〔令〕所睹于涂者，無問其鄉；所睹于里者，無問其家；循國計數，無言其名。士既事者兼月，疾者兼歲。孔子聞之曰：“晏子能明其所欲，景公能行其所善也。”

【今譯】

齊景公當政的時候，有一次大雪連續下了三天還不放晴。景公披著白色狐貍皮衣，坐在屋旁的臺階上。晏子進來拜見，站了一會兒，景公說：“奇怪！大雪下了三天天氣卻不冷。”晏子說：“天氣真的不冷嗎？”景公笑了笑。晏子說：“我聽說古時候的圣君賢主自己吃飽了而能想到別人的饑餓，自己穿暖了而能想到別人的寒冷，自己舒適了而能想到別人的辛勞。現在您想不到啊。”景公說：“好！我聽從您的教誨了。”于是命人發放皮衣和糧食給又冷又餓的百姓。又下令只要在路上看到饑寒交迫的百姓，不必問他是哪鄉的人；在里中見到饑寒的百姓，不必問他是哪家的人；在國內調查統計饑寒的百姓，不必記錄姓名。已有職業的發給兩個月的糧食，因病不能勞作的發給兩年的糧食。孔子聽說這件事后說：“晏子能夠講清楚他想做的事，景公能夠實行他認為應該做的好事。”

At the time of Duke Jing,there was a snow fall that lasted three days w ithout stopping. The Duke,w rapped in a robe of white fox fur,sat on stairs at the side of the hall. Yanzi entered for an audience and stood still for a moment.

The Duke said: “How strange that it snows for three days and yet the weather is not cold.”

Yanzi said: “Is the weather really not cold?”

The Duke laughed.

Yanzi said: “I have heard that the worthy rulers in ancient times ate to their fill,yet they knew that the people were hungry; they were warm,yet they knew that the people were cold; they were at ease,yet they knew that the people were toiling. But now you,my Lord,know nothing about that.”

The Duke said: “Well said. I have now heard your instructions.”

Thereupon,he ordered that fur robes be handed out and grain distributed among the hungry and the cold. He issued an order to refrain from questioning people seen on the road about their home districts and from questioning people seen in the villages about their fam ilies. He calculated the census throughout the state w ithout asking for the names of people. Officers already in service received allotted sums for two months,and the sick among them received sums for two years.

When Confucius heard of this,he said: “Yanzi is capable of clarifying his w ishes. Duke Jing is capable of carrying out what he considers good.”